AL ARBA'IN

The written or audible word is the main element in the media
circle, and around it the various media outlets revolve, so the
message presented should be sound in its structure, strong in its
meaning, precise in its connotations, and that its owner believes
in what he presents.
Every year, these electronic armies are active in the days of
Zyarat Alarbaeen, focusing on the negative cases that may occur
among the millions of positive cases, such as theft, harassment,
quarrel, traffic accident, or obfuscation by using images and
words.The research aimed to identify:
- the role of the media dimension in shading Zyarat Arbaeen
- the role of the Arab participants in Zyarat Arbaeen
As for the second chapter, it included a theoretical framework
with topics of media dimension and counter media.
As for the third chapter, the two researchers dealt with the
applied side by presenting samples were affected by the media
shadowing of Zyarat Arbaeen. These ideas were modified through
their endeavor to host these samples and amend all the false
information related to Zyarat Arbaeen by participating in the
conferences that are supervised by the Imam Hussein shrine.
The results of the research showed that media shadowing
regarding Zyarat Al-Arbaeen has an important role in distorting
its image and content. Therefore, the researchers recommended
that everyone who works in the media should show the message
of Islam to the world, and that everyone who believes in Imam
Hussein(P B U H) and what he martyred for, should spread the
principles of Hussaini thought with all the means and capabilities
available and television satellite should transmit the facts of
Zyarat Al-Arbaeen around the clock, and show the great activities
accompanying it in its various positions. The research included
a number of recommendations and proposals, as well as a list of
sources.

Visiting the Arbaeen of Imam Hussein,peace be upon him,is
one of the largest human demonstrations,This is an opportunity
to participate in the launch of the light.On many aspects of
the biography and virtues of the Master of the Martyrs and his
household, and showed them at the same time that noble qualities
wanted him.
It is no secret that the demonstration of the Arbaeen visit
receives wide attention from all the media that accompany the
crowds of visitors from the moment they start their march towards
Karbala until the end of the ceremony, and among them the social
media stands at the forefront, as it takes formulas and methods
that differ from those provided by traditional means,It is based
on its characteristics that enable it to perform several roles, which
gives it the uniqueness that many of it is presented by the visitors
themselves.
In our research, we will try to shed light on the role of social
media in highlighting the humanitarian aspects of this blessed
visit.
The researcher aims to achieve a number of goals,the most
important of which are:1. Exposing the role of the media in highlighting the outward
appearance of the Arbaeen of Imam Hussein, peace be upon him.
2. Acquaintance with the upper part of the German language in
Ziyarat Arbaeen that arouses public interest in social media.
3. Examine the extent of the public's interest in social media
posts about the Arbaeen pilgrimage.
In addition to other goals.
The researcher reached a number of results, including:
1. The great contribution of social media in highlighting the
humanitarian aspects of the Arbaeen pilgrimage.
2. The most prominent humanitarian aspects that are published
through social media are those that deal with the participation of
children in the Arbaeen visit of Imam Hussein, peace be upon him.
3. The great interest in what is published about the Arbaeen
pilgrimage on social media.

Some electronic armies practice the worst forms of
misinformation and counterfeiting, and perhaps the continuous
abuse of faith symbols belonging to the line of Al-Hussein, which
is a form of confrontation, confrontation and misinformation to
achieve the greatest measure of deterrence and distancing factors
from this divine project, and to dispel any opportunity for cases
of moral, intellectual and cultural rapprochement. On the other
hand, we find that There are armies of loyalists to Ahl al-Bayt
who are considered good digital citizens who defend the Husseini
cause and what it carries of ideas, principles, values and beliefs
that cannot be compromised. The current research aims to know:
1- Digital citizenship among university students using social
media.2- Knowing the difference in digital citizenship among social
media users of university students according to the specialization
variable (religious / academic)
3- Knowing the difference in digital citizenship among social
media users of university students according to the gender variable
(male / female)
The researcher relied on the scale prepared by (Moonsun
Choi, 2015) and the veracity of the translation was extracted. The
researcher chose a sample for her research using the simple random
method. The university students who use social media have digital
citizenship, and that there are no statistically significant differences
between religious and academic majors in digital citizenship, and
there are no statistically significant differences between males and
females in digital citizenship. Based on the results, conclusions
were reached and recommendations were made search

This study seeks to address the issue of the impact of the Arbaeen
visit on the relations between Iraq and Islamic countries and shed
light on it. Accordingly, the original question of this study was:
What is the impact of the Arbaeen visit on relations between Iraq
and Islamic countries? The answer to this question was based on
the hypothesis that: The Arbaeen visit achieved positive effects
on the level of official relations with Islamic countries at different
levels and according to the nature of the political system of each of
the Islamic countries. Countries that witness governmental tension
from the sectarian side and practice restrictions on their people. In
addition, the visit of the Arbaeen is one of the manifestations of
the soft power of the Islamic nation and one of the great factors
for spreading the message of Islam and Shiism in particular to all
nations through its peaceful message and humanitarian goals in
an era when Islam was presented to the world as representing the
page of darkness, extremism and terrorism. What we reached in
this study is that this practice and this large gathering has become
today a world event in which all different races, sects, nationalities,
religions and sects meet with a human message aimed at combating injustice and defending the right, and this unparalleled gathering
achieved rapprochement between the Islamic peoples and was
able to correct the course and achieve Unity of Muslim peoples. It
has also become a field for consolidating the principle of human
and political rights, in addition to becoming an important factor in
uniting the nation and the common and mutual sense of the unity
of destiny for all participating peoples

Zyarat Al-Arbaeen or the march of Zyarat Al-Arbaeen title is
called a peaceful demonstration during which millions of Shiites
and lovers of Ahl al-Bayt (P B U T) set off towards the holy city of
Karbala to visit the tomb of the master of martyrs Imam Hussein
bin Ali bin Abi Talib (P B U T) on the twentieth of Safar in each
Hijri year, where Shiites from various Iraqi cities and villages,
with the participation of many delegations of followers of the Ahl
al-Bayt school from various countries (Iran, Bahrain, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Pakistan, ... etc.), and it’s consider the largest annual
human gathering and the largest foot march in the world.
The governorate of Babylon is witnessing the arrival of
hundreds of thousands of visitors heading toward holy city of
Karbala to commemorate of Imam Hussein (P B U H) and those
coming from the governorates of southern and central Iraq, in
addition to visitors from Arab and Islamic countries, where more
than ten thousand service mawakeb (processions) were spread
all the way that linking the governorate of Babylon and holy city
Karbala annually.
The governorate of Babylon embraces a large number of shrines,
as well as the shrines of a large number of gentlemen, jurists and scholars, and the most important tomb, centers and holy religious
shrines, some of which are located along the main roads, which
encouraged the increasing in the number of Husseiniya mawakeb(
processions )that provide various services to visitors, and some of
these shrines are located on secondary roads, and some of them
are located on rural roads away for different distances from the
roads taken by visitors, which are served by Husseiniy mawakeb
(processions )that provide their services Throughout the duration
of Al-Zyara.

This study aims at analyzing the effect of disseminating
Husayni religious knowledge on sustainable societal reform. The
study relied on an analytical survey of the opinions of a sample
of professors from the Universities of Kufa and Inheritance of
the Prophets (PBUH), with different disciplines ((jurisprudence,
Islamic sciences, management, economics and literature)) and the
sample size for this study was It is 184 academics.
The study focused on how to employ the spiritual, religious and
ethical dimensions of Zeyart AL-Arbaeen as a distinguished model
for disseminating Husayni religious knowledge and knowing
its impact on sustainable societal reform. . Analytical statistical
methods were used to find out the opinions of the sample and
provide field results about the benefits of the Arbaeen and its
importance in society and its various sects.
In this study, the importance of spreading Husayni religious
knowledge and expanding the community’s understanding of the principles of justice, giving and sacrifice, whose dimensions are
derived from the Arbaeen, is highlighted. As this visit is not just a
passing religious practice, but rather it has the strategic and future
impact of building an integrated moral system whose philosophy
is inspired by the correct Islamic thought advocated by the Ahlu al-
Bayt, peace be upon them, in order to reach building a sustainable
society capable of reforming the value system that was cracked
because of the intrusive cultures that affected the social fabric.
The study recommended continuous research and presentation
of studies to enhance a deeper understanding of the intellectual
and doctrinal change brought about by this visit and expand the
scope of its application in other societies and work on marketing
and promoting the correct Husseini ideas in order to reach the
higher moral values that it carries within it and highlight the
intellectual capabilities that would spread the Husseini impact in
society The ancient, the contemporary and the future. This study
also contributes to enhancing understanding and social harmony,
and achieving sustainable societal reform by spreading Husayni
religious knowledge.

The Quranic verse that is often associated with the Arbaeen
pilgrimage to the shrine of Imam Hussein (AS) is (O humankind,
indeed we have created you from male and female and made you
peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the
most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of
you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted).
This is what we found in the visit of the millions of crowds to visit
Aba Al-Ahrar Al-Hussein, (PBUH), which carries a huge amount
of religious values and sublime human principles, in application
of the principles of human rights in peaceful coexistence and
community security.
Accordingly, we divided the research into two sections. The first
is a study of the concept of peaceful coexistence and community
security, within the two requirements; the first is the definition
of peaceful coexistence, the second requirement: the definition of
community security. The second topic: the dimensions of peaceful
coexistence and community security and its challenges, within two
requirements, the first: the dimensions of peaceful coexistence and
community security, The second: the challenges facing peaceful coexistence and community security, then a conclusion of the
most important findings and recommendations.

The collective participation of children in social and religious
events is one of the things that parents care about because it
achieves many gains that are reflected in the child’s personality
in all its aspects later on so that he gains respect from the family
and the social environment in which he lives which makes him
have a personality capable of participating and taking initiative
with others.Children participate extensively during the Arbaeen
visitation period and this is not a coincidence but rather a product
of the Husayni education of these children and they have an
important and effective role inside and outside the processions by
participating in serving the visitors as well as chanters or Quran
reciters. Given this wide participation this study came to confirm
that the continuity of The participation of children in various
occasions because of the experience respect and love that they
gain from the community. Therefore it is the duty of everyone
especially the media (social networking sites) to highlight the importance of the child’s participation in the Husayni processions
during the Arbaeen visit.
The field survey method was adopted for the purpose
of collecting data on the studied phenomenon “ Children’s
participation in Husseini processions” and a random sample of
(210) male and female visitors was selected using a questionnaire
that included a set of questions about children’s participation
in Husseini processions. In addition to the variables of housing
income as well as gender and age. This data was analyzed using a
statistical application package (SPSS) to study the reasons that led
to the parents’ approval or refusal of their children’s participation
in the Husseini processions and to build a logistic regression
model based on several factors

Predicting the number of live births is one of the important
phenomena that many researchers demanded because of its great
importance in controlling the health level of society, educational
and health planning, and the level of social care, especially in an
incident that is considered the most important in human history,
which is the Arbaeen visit. Therefore, this research came with the
aim of predicting the number of live births during the Arbaeen
visit based on a series of daily birth data during the Arbaeen visit
for the years from 2023 to 2028 depending on the daily birth data
during the Arbaeen visit taken from the annual statistical bulletin
of the Karbala Center for Studies and Research for the years from
2017 to 2022 using the multiple neural network regression model.
It was found that there is a non-linear relationship between the
number of live births and time, and that the method of multi-layered
feed-forward neural networks is more suitable for estimating and
predicting the number of live births during the fortieth visit, as it achieved a very small mean square error (MSE). And there is an
increase in the number of visitors to Imam Hussein (peace be upon
him) during the fortieth visit for the years from 2023 to 2028.

The great Arbaeen event is in fact one of the manifestations
of the Husseini renaissance, which indicates the interest of
contemporary man in Islam and its heavenly messages. The visitors
of Arba’in al-Husseini, walking on foot and with indescribable
enthusiasm, showcase the greatness of authentic Islam to the
arrogant and arrogant powers in the world and force them to kneel
and acknowledge the soft power of authentic Islam. The basic
question of the research is: What is the role of the Arba’een journey
in the political education of those awaiting the appearance of the
promised savior? In this analytical study, which was conducted
for the purpose of upgrading the political culture of those awaiting
the appearance and facilitating the appearance of the promised
Savior, the author found that modern man, after experiencing
many religious and political ideologies, has returned to the saving
ideals of Islam and the slogans of the Hussein movement again.
The Arbaeen march leads the visitors of Hussein (peace be upon
him) to form a kind of “one nation” far from party, color, ethnic,
and national affiliations. Rather, the slogan “Love of Hussein
brings us together” is the link between them. As for the insight and political awareness that occurs in light of the great Arbaeen event,
it can unite the ranks of believers in the Promised Mahdi and his
supporters, and increase the speed at which the masses, especially
those resisting injustice and those demanding the establishment of
justice in the world, will join the Arbaeen march as “a symbol of
preparation for the emergence of the Qa’im who will fill the world
with justice.” By trusting in the strength of the forty-year-old
youth and entrusting them with the responsibilities of this global
march, enthusiasm and awareness of it can be raised, in order to
achieve the prerequisites for fulfilling the divine promise and the
appearance of the Savior of the human world.

Historical buildings, especially in urban centers, have
distinguished moral values represented by prominent features that
gave each city its specificity, historical affiliation, and identity.
The religious cities share with the historical cities in carrying these
values and even add to them with additional values that give them
religious affiliation that is reflected in all its social, urban, economic
and other joints, and one of these religious cities is the holy city of
Karbala, which contains many historical buildings.
The research relied on presenting the problem of the city of
Karbala, which bears a historical and religious heritage, and suffers
from great pressures on its center and its historical and urban
buildings. The main research problem was the shortcomings of the
curricula for the sustainability of historical buildings in the center of
the holy city of Karbala.
The aim is to provide the necessary information base for the
forty pilgrims of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) to clarify the
possibilities of the forty pilgrimage in preserving and developing
and to indicate the size of the problem that the historical buildings of Karbala suffer from, being one of the historical and religious cities.
The research seeks to identify approaches and strategies for the
sustainable adaptive reuse of historical buildings in the center of
the holy city of Karbala for the purposes of the fortieth visit of
Imam Hussein (PBUH)

The city of Al-Najaf is one of the most important centers for
visitors to the holy city of Karbala during the Arbaeen visit. due
to the fact that the city is characterized by the meeting point
between the southern governorates and Karbala. as well as the
presence of Al-Najaf Airport. which is the closest airport to the
city of Karbala. it receives foreign visitors. as well as the visitors’
quest to pass through the shrine of Imam Ali A continuation of the
march towards Imam Hussein.
Therefore. visitors flock to it in large numbers in order to
participate in the visit. These numbers of visitors are often
accompanied by weakness in the spatial organization of activities
and events and the absence of appropriate functional sites. as well
as in the creation of sustainable vital spaces and the organization
of movement paths and the accompanying presence of sudden
human densities in the absence of efficiency and sustainability.
Therefore. this research paper focuses on collecting real-time
data using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and field
surveys of services. The numbers and density of visitors are concentrated in the Old City and the vicinity of the Holy Upper
Court and the streets that lead to it. This depends on four main
factors (space management - organization of movement paths -
employment of services - distribution of uses). This affects the
visitors greatly while they are inside the study area. The article
relies on extrapolating reality. as it proposes sustainable and
highly efficient planning treatments that help organize a diverse
spatial targeting visitors.

The number of visitors is increasing every year, and this must be
taken into account, their needs met and their return secured. Their
transportation to reach the holy city of Karbala varies, as they
come from different parts of the world via airports, train stations,
private transportation, and can also walk on foot. Must provide
and facilitate the process of transporting visitors coming to the
holy city of Karbala, and follow up the traffic on the roads leading
to and from it, as well as secure their return to their homes and
vice versa , which resulted in the researcher collecting scientific
to serve the subject of research in four chapters, including:
Chapter One: It contains (research methodology), including
(the research problem, the importance of research and the need
for it, and the objectives of the research)
Chapter Two: It included (administrative division of axes and
statistical analysis of the number of vehicles and units and the number of visitors) to sort visitors coming to the holy city of
Karbala and secure their return to their homes according to the
counting plan according to the days of their entry and analysis of
their exit
Chapter Three: It has been allocated (for research procedures),
which included (determining the axes and means of transportation
on a map of the number of days, the density of their entry, their
exit statistics, clarifying traffic, organizing the movement of
vehicles, units for transporting visitors, and organizing means of
transportation according to the density of visitors coming to each
axis.
Chapter Four: It has been devoted to the presentation of the
results of the research, then the conclusions formed by the researcher
from this study, as well as included some recommendations and
proposals submitted by the researcher to the competent authorities
to follow up the process of transferring and securing the movement
of visitors .

The use of remote sensing techniques in our current decade has
an effective and significant role in all areas of scientific and life
service. The use of these technologies in managing and analyzing
human gatherings in various events, whether religious, sports
or tourism, has become an urgent necessity to provide the best
services to them and to make these events successful, manage
and ensure their safety. One of the most important challenges facing human crowds in gatherings is the security breaches, the
unexpected increase in numbers, stampedes, suffocation, fainting
cases, or even the occurrence of unexpected fires. Also, the lack
of knowledge of the correct ways and directions that must be
taken during the gathering leads to the occurrence of problems
and the failure of such occasions, which could lead to human and
material losses, hence the importance of using modern technology
to analyze and manage crowds on such occasions. In this research,
the most important treatments that modern technology can provide,
such as drones, will be highlighted for decision-makers to analyze
and manage human gatherings without causing losses. Drones can
be used to give approximate numbers of individuals in crowds
and gatherings, and these crowds can be directed to take the right
direction and less crowded roads that can be taken to reach the
desired place, and cases of stampedes and suffocations can also be
detected, or an accident that poses a danger to these crowds. . In this
research, the types and characteristics of drones used in drawing
geographical maps and crowd management will also be reviewed,
and the capabilities that these drones can perform. In addition to
reviewing some of the facts and events in which these aircraft
were used as examples in various occasions, such as, religious
or sporting events or civil demonstrations. Such information will
facilitate and help decision-makers to take prompt and appropriate
measures to avoid any major problems for human gatherings and
crowds.

The International Federation of Red Crescent Societies is one
of the largest humanitarian organizations in the world, as it seeks
to provide assistance to various countries of the world without
discrimination because of sex, race, belief, religion, social class
and political opinions, and this organization aims to alleviate
human suffering when crises and disasters occur, and contribute
to the preservation of human dignity around the world, and the
work of the organization is based on four main areas (preservation
of human dignity, Disaster response and prevention, as well
as health and community care). The fortieth visit of Imam
Hussein (peace be upon him) in the province of Karbala is one
of the most important religious occasions in Iraq in particular
and all the free people in the peoples of the world in general, as
the province of Karbala is witnessing the presence of millions
of visitors from different countries of the world, and this matter
needs the concerted efforts of all institutions for the purpose of
safety and preservation of visitors, and the most important of
these institutions is the International Federation of Red Crescent
Societies, which is supposed to be present on such an occasion to
avoid disasters and crises, However, his role was limited to the
participation of the Iraqi Red Crescent Society, as well as some
volunteers .

Public administration has a great impact on the lives of citizens،
as it is the one that implements state policies، according to which
the standard of living rises، and citizens enjoy equality and
prosperity، in addition to its importance to workers within various
organizations، which guarantees them their various societal rights،
and public administration is linked to the national level of the state
It is difficult to reach a unified concept of the crisis، especially
with the different angles of approach، but it always shares with
each other a set of characteristics Among them are the threat to
values، resources and goals، the lack of appropriate time and place
in light of this، rapid decision-making، the lack of information،
its inaccuracy، and the surprise that can be encountered in crisis
management.، as well as the acquisition of the crisis over The
interest of many entities، institutions، and individuals، in addition to the complexity، intertwining، and overlapping of the elements that
necessitate confronting them، leaving the familiar organizational
patterns and working outside the regulatory framework in favor
of successful management of the crisis، in addition to qualifying
groups of workers to adhere to this and provide high levels of their
energy and capabilities to face the new conditions resulting from
sudden changes and accelerated situations. And dealing quickly
with it to contemporary these situations with solutions that limit
them، even if it was done in an impromptu manner as a result of a
quick analysis of the elements of the crisis .
In light of the foregoing، an effective activity strategy can be
adopted، as this strategy requires an organized collective effort
within a body (the Arbaeen Visitation Support Committee) that
seeks each year to prepare an action plan in the light of the data
and circumstances of the previous year and what can be estimated
from the increase in the number of visitors while monitoring the
expected weather changes. The political and economic…..

The visit of Alarbeen is a civilized approach that generations pass
through time, as all the meanings of love and loyalty are embodied
by the owner of the memory, the master of the martyrs, peace
be upon him, in the twentieth of zero of each year. The heroism,
sacrifice and patience in which the whole faith emerged against
all disbelief. The immortal battle of kindness formed images that
all humanity cannot be ignored. The Orientalists transmitted the
valor of the Husseinian revolution and the civilizational values it
carried that became a beacon that illuminates the revolutionaries
of the whole world. From that, the fortieth visit is an import part
of the exploits with which the Husseini revolution is bestowed
upon us. From services and hospitality formed a valuable nucleus
that gives a set of indications and in various religious, scientific,
humanitarian, cultural and even political fields, but the study will
try to focus on the most prominent data and economic connotations
provided by this millions of visits to the Iraqi economy every year,
based on the hypothesis that the social unity, brotherhood and
mercy between Iraqis, have come by Alarbeen visit as civilized
method that embodied in the religious commitment and generous
hospitality and do precious and priceless toward Al-Hussein
Imam peace upon him. This reflects a developmental dimension and practicing to good governance that express creative economic
potentials for the inveterate Iraqi people. These potentials
can survive the Iraqi economy from deterioration and spread
corruption. Therefore, the study sought to highlight the economic
and developmental role that the fortieth visit could play because
of the religious and civilizational values it carries that makes the
Iraqi citizen more eager to deal with life variables in a rational
way that facilitates the government to prepare and implement
future development plans aimed at diversifying the structure of
the Iraqi economy and achieving and promoting reform, To get
rid of the clutches of underdevelopment and corruption, since
the Husseinian revolution is a revolution for reform and the
achievement of justice and a decent living for man. The study
came out with results, most notably that the fortieth visit represents
an essential pillar of cultural awareness and the reform of Iraqi
society, which is the basic pillar of societal peace and spreading
the spirit of love and brotherhood among people on the basis of
good treatment, and these data constitute the base from which
human, economic development and good governance plans are
launched, since human reform is the basis for reform Economic,
the human being is the tool of Sustainable human development
and its purpose.

This paper provides a comprehensive review of human wrist
tracking systems for crowd scene analysis. The study looks at the
current state of art in human tracking technology, including the
different types of sensors and algorithms used to track individuals
in crowded environments. The authors explore the advantages and
limitations of different human tracking systems, as well as their
potential applications in areas such as crowd management, security,
and marketing. In addition, the paper discusses the challenges and
future trends of human tracking technologies, including the need
to improve accuracy and protect privacy. Overall, this review
provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners
interested in developing and implementing human-wrist tracking
systems for crowd scene analysis.