AL ARBA'IN

The revolution of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) on
Muharram 10 in 61 Ah/ 680 AD is one of the most significant
revolutions not only in Islamic history but also in world history
due to its noble humanity principles and goals. Its results had a
far-reaching impact on the life of all humanity، as it was not a
political revolution carried out for authoritarian gains، but for a
deeper cause aimed at achieving truth، resisting injustice، and
falsehood which in turn constituted a prominent challenge to
tyranny، removed the religious mask that the rulers tried to hide
behind to legitimize their rule and authority، exposed the falsity of
the claims of their loyalists and refuted their justifications، dropped
the philosophy of the preachers of the Sultans and the jurists of
power، and planted the seeds of revolutionary movements against
falsehood، injustice and tyranny and the demand for right، justice
and equality.
Most of the revolutions and reform and liberation movements
that took place after the revolution of Imam Hussein (peace beupon him). Their leaders were influenced by the Imam’s revolution
and its contents. They took him as an example and role model for
them، thereby becoming a beacon of truth، honesty and virtue، and
an example for all free revolutionaries who opposed the injustice
of tyrannical rulers throughout history and in all parts of the world.
Today، when the anniversary of Ashura passes، we urgently
need to re-evoke the biography of the Ahel Al-Bayt (peace be
upon them) and draw lessons from their blessed biography، which
represents true Islam in all of its meaning of humanity، emulate
them in their ethics and actions in reforming society according to
correct Islamic principles، fighting extremist terrorist ideology،
and confronting the Western cultural invasion.

Although the Ashura epic always provokes an unequal war in every
listener, Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), according to his words, did
not go on this journey with the intention of war from the beginning. Rather,
he intended to guide the agents of the Umayyads and Muslims, and warn
them that this process of ruling Islamic society Wrong and needs to be fixed.
But he intended to guide them to the right path by guiding the agents of the
Umayyads and Muslims and warning them that this process of ruling the
Islamic society was wrong and needed to be reformed. The Imam (peace
be upon him) was always on the same direction and guidance in his speech
from the beginning of his journey to Karbala until the noon of Ashura, and
in this way he protested against many verses of the Qur’an. After the day
of Ashura, the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon him) carried out their mission of
conveying the Husseini message and continuing the path of Imam Hussein,with sermons and gathering visits, including the Arbaeen visit. This study
deals with Imam Hussein’s (peace be upon him) protest against Quranic
verses and then the reflection of his words in the Arba’een visit to explain
the Qur’anic model in the Ashura uprising and its continuation.

The Arba’een visit is one of the millions of visits in which
most Iraqis participate, including Muslims, non-Muslims, Arabs,
and other nationalities from Iraqis and various countries of the
world. This human crowd that enters Iraq must have a legal cover
that represents the national and international umbrella, which is
a system of Iraqi, regional and international laws to regulate the
mechanism of their entry into Iraq and the performance of the visit
and then come out with an organized mechanism that preserves
for them the security, stability and legal protection necessary.
What is striking is that there is no legislative system specific to the
Arba’een visit. Imam Hussein, rather, work shall be in accordance
with the applicable laws, whether criminal laws, residency laws,
or civil laws. Accordingly, we will distribute the research into two
sections, where we will devote the first section to highlighting
international and Arab obligations. In the first section, we will
address the nature of international obligations and their types. In
the second section, we will show the most important sources of
international obligations, which is the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights. rights) We will discuss it in the first section. Inthe second section, we will explain the Arab Charter for Human
Rights. In the second section, we will explain the position of the
Iraqi constitution regarding the protection of Husseini decrees and
rituals. We devoted the second requirement to explaining national
legislation (National Legislation)) issued in Iraq and the texts it
contains that support the content of the research on protecting the
Husseini rituals.

The Arbaeen Zyarat represents a social phenomenon that can make
a leap in the Iraqi social structure، and can participate in building
social cadres. At the same time، it has become necessary to transform
this practice into a practical phenomenon for social development،
and it is responsible for researchers، universities، and civil society.
The current study is one of the famous social studies that are
organized for what is called (Arba’een Zyarat Sociology)، especially
from the occasions that are favored by preferences for social
manifestations، such as social interaction، stability، continuity،
and constantly varying، in addition to choosing them on images of
multiple societies. The research problem is represented by asking
the main text. : Is the Arbaeen pilgrimage a social phenomenon?
What are the prerequisites for a social appearance Zyarat? To what
extent are these conditions met during the fortieth visit? To answer
these questions، we relied on descriptive analytical models with
the help of statistical methods and traditional studies that perform
the basic effectiveness and differentiation between questionnaire
models. The study only aims to explain the forty social frameworks
to form a factor that responds to social paint at a time when it ispermanently exposed to major shocks and challenges in light of the
complexities that it has witnessed. Iraqi society and the technological
transformations that attract multiple social aspects.
It became clear through the research that the Arbaeen Zyarat has
all the characteristics of a social phenomenon، and that the social
dimensions of this goal are still fertile ground for research، analysis،
and investigation. I am confident in the search for transforming this
sacred goal into a special message، pointing to broad social ideas
of tolerance، coexistence، social sponsorship، and supporting the
oppressed.

The research deals with the concept of the space as an objective
in which the elements and components act as stimuli for the activity
of the human at a certain moment، which is a kinetic cognitive
area، and the boundaries of this space، which consist of physical
boundaries represented by the built environment of the urban area
and other social and health which are the boundaries that must
separate people while they are in one place (the relationship of
individuals with the place and their relationship with each other in
the same place)، The problem of research lies in the extent of the
effect of these limits on the process of managing crowds in forums
and events in many countries of the world، including the Arbaeen
visit in the city of Karbala، which annually hosts millions of visitors
to revive the rituals of the Arbaeen visit، the research has assumed
a deficit and shortcomings in the space designated for movement in
the city (streets) to contain the large numbers of visitors in the citycenter of Karbala، This hypothesis was proven by calculating the
indicators of density، speed and flow of visitors in the city center،
and the research reached three plans that can develop solutions to this
deficiency، and the comparison between them was made according
to the expert form according to several points reached through the
study of the specificity of the area and the nature of the event.

Although the occasion of the Arbaeen pilgrimage of Imam
Hussein (peace be upon him) is considered one of the sacred annual
religious occasions for Muslims in general، and for Shiites in
particular، in essence it involves multiple goals that are not limited
to a specific aspect، in addition to its religious، ritual، social and
other characteristics. It involves a very important cultural goal، as
it has an important role in moving the masses towards the lofty
goals that Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) represented and
for which he revolted، which are the values of faith، freedom،
justice and humanity. Therefore، we need the visit to be a cultural،
guiding and awareness-raising work to guide people and invest
emotions. Passionate about introducing them to all these values.
Throughout the ages، the power of nations has not only been
limited to the military and economic capabilities possessed by their
governments، geographical area، and population size، but rather
to the cultural components that accompany these capabilities that
highlight their values، lifestyles، and the extent of readiness to
build social bridges with other nations، to be the result. The final
is qualified to become an example that other peoples aspire to
emulate. This event، in the way it is performed، constitutes a greatopportunity for many cultures and languages to meet and get to
know each other on the land of Iraq، and to mingle with its people
along the paths of people’s passage، which gives the Iraqis a great
opportunity to demonstrate their value and cultural strength and
the centrality of their role in such a sacred event that you will
not find in its depth anywhere. It is a duty to invest this event in
educational work by benefiting from the large crowds of different
colors and languages، whether by presenting the optimal image
of the visit at the individual and collective level or at the level of
the various institutions in the cultural field to organize appropriate
events and activities.

The city of Karbala was famous for its sanctity, and its name
was linked to the lofty meanings of sacrifice, sacrifice, and
martyrdom. Its status was linked to the incident of Ashura in the
year 61 AH, so the city developed a religious origin to gain its
international status and greatness, in addition to the fact that it
represents the heart of Iraq. Karbala is considered a mosque for
every believer, male and female, a home for migration, and a
resting place for those who are passionate about love and longing
to be close to the blessed shrines. It has become a growing number
of millions in its occasions, including the Arbaeen visit. To find
out the importance of the Holy City and the Arbaeen visit on the
other hand, to organize the visit in a way that suits its importance
and the sanctity of Karbala, we decided to divide the research into
two sections. We devoted the first section to introducing the Holy
City and the Arbaeen Visit within two requirements, the first to
introduce the Holy City and the second to introduce the Arbaeen
Visit. As for the second section, to clarify the legal and legal
organization of the Arbaeen Visit within two requirements, the
first is the legal organization of the Arbaeen Visit and the second
is the legal organization of the Arbaeen Visit.

The research aims to enhance the satisfaction of the customer
(the tourist)، who is the international religious visitor on the fortieth
visit to the holy city of Karbala and to the shrines of the martyrs
Imam Hussein and his brother Abbas and the shrines of the martyred
companions، peace be upon him all، through the quality of service
for the processions of the fortieth visit، as the research problem
arises in how to enhance customer satisfaction (International
Religious Visitor) by improving the quality of service provided
to the processions of the Arbaeen Visit from the hotel aspects،
hospitality، food، reception and welcome، and working to satisfyhis needs in the required manner. The importance of research is
highlighted from the cognitive aspect through adding knowledge to
the researchers’ theses and opinions، and the practical importance
of diagnosing the components of improving the quality of service.
Introduction and the importance of this million-dollar visit with
all its religious and ideological values and the embodiment of
the Husseini Revolution for all the free people of the world، not
just the Shiites. One of the objectives of the research is to test the
research model in practice and determine the elements of enhancing
the satisfaction of the customer، tourist، or international religious
visitor. The questionnaire form was adopted as a main tool for the
research in its axes. The first is the personal information of the
respondents، the second is the service quality measure، and the third
is the customer satisfaction measure. The cluster sampling method
was chosen to determine the research population and randomization
of the sample through the number of incoming visitors during the
month of January 2024 in a sample of hotels amounting to (5) in
the city of Najaf، and the number of tourists reached (1211). After
that، only those who attended and participated in the march in the
fortieth visit were selected، so the number was (422)، representing
the research community and consisting of Iranian، Lebanese، Saudi،
Bahraini، Emirati، Pakistani، Indian، Omani، Kuwaiti، Qatari، and
Omani nationalities. A random sample was chosen، according to
Morcan’s statistical tables، and it amounted to (201) and to reach the
sample. (223) questionnaires were distributed، of which 206 were
retrieved and suitable for analysis. The hypotheses of correlation
and influence were established، and the SPSS program was adopted.Var 26) to analyze the results، and the researchers reached a set of
conclusions، the most important of which was that the quality of
service provided in the Arbaeen pilgrimage processions had enhanced
the satisfaction of the international customer (tourist or religious
visitor) and provided and satisfied his needs despite the march of
millions and the period of providing services without interruption،
and recommendations were made. Occasion.

After the end of the era of the Baath regime in 2003، the visit
of the forty to Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) witnessed a
significant increase in the number of visitors، as this visit became
a majestic human gathering and the largest foot march in the
Bayt (peace be world، in which millions of followers of Ahl al
upon them) from all over the world participate، where all sects
and nationalities، including the Sabian’s، Yazidis and Christians،
participate in this visit، and the importance of this great Islamic
urge that expresses love and loyalty where millions of Muslims
come From all over the world to express their love and loyalty to
Imam Hussein، and spread the spirit of solidarity and advocacy،
as it brings together different religions and nationalities، and
broadcasts in the souls of creation contemplation، repentance and
thinking about the values of justice، courage and sacrifice made by
Imam Hussein، peace be upon him، where visitors seek these days
to repent، remembrance and supplication، and experience these
spiritual social decrees while walking to Karbala، where they meet
other people from different cultures and countries، which enhances
communication and global understanding and is emphasized
Human values and reminding them of the importance of standing
against injustice and difficult circumstances. After noting that
the number of visitors is constantly increasing compared to the
time period from (2013 to 2018)، where they reached in 2013
(one million and 300 thousand) visitors، until it reached in 2018
15،949،322) visitors from inside and outside Iraq، but in (2023) )
the number of visitors and these numbers need prior planning and
organization as this visit is an eternal religious and humanitarian
occasion that combines religions and nationalities in the spirit of
solidarity and advocacy for the cause of Imam Hussein، peace be
upon him and his humanitarian principles، where The two cities
are prepared for visitors to receive them during the fortieth visit
and this preparation requires intensive organization and multiple
equipment represented in the preparation of infrastructure، security
and safety، health and relief services، information and guidance،
accommodation and food، logistical organization that is carried
out by volunteers and government agencies to prepare in both
cities to receive this major religious event and the research aims to
study the spatial variation of the number of visitors in both cities
and stand on the positives with cooperation between volunteers
and government and local agencies in order to Preparing the two
the city of cities (the city of Imam Hussein، peace be upon him
visitors) and (The city of the master of guardians، peace be upon
him) to receive this great religious event، which requires intensive
organization and multiple equipment، as this visit is an eternal
religious and humanitarian occasion that combines religions and
nationalities in the spirit of solidarity and advocacy for the cause
of Imam Hussein، peace be upon him and his lofty principles.

The fortieth visit is one of the most important and most attended
visits, and it was of great importance to many poets, ancient and
modern. As they went out, they glorified this great occasion in
poetry and prose, and the poet Al-Khafaji - may God have mercy
on him - had a share of it, as he recorded what his Hussein heart
and soul went through to express the importance and value of this
visit and its great impact on himself, until he depicted it with allperfection, which shows a conscious Husseini and a brilliant poet
as he conveyed his feelings. Delicate, through which he achieves
emotional connection between himself and his recipient in its
various forms.

The plastic arts are considered among the creative elements
that address thought and feelings at different levels of reception
and diversity. Many of them embody the sensory, intellectual and
ideological concept, and the consolidation and documentation of
identity values. The implementation of artistic works that were
taken from the atmosphere of the Karbala incident and the Arbaeen
visit are among the artistic models in which documentation is
embodied. And diagnosing identity artistically, and plastic art
embodied the rooting of the identity of this artistic style through
various readings and visions of this incident, as the Battle of Al-
Taf was formed pictorially in many artistic works, which played a
major role in societal interaction.
Art is a reflective mirror of the events of prominent societies,
and it is the expression of their customs, cultural and spiritualachievements, traditions and heritage, including ideological
heritage, and art is one of the means of recording and documentation.
Many attempts by visual artists have embodied, in some aspects
of their artistic works, a documentation and diagnosis of the
incident of the Kerbala or the Arbaeen Pilgrimage, by expressing
this historical epic firmly rooted in the living human conscience,
through various tools, artistic methods and trends, where the
symbolism that is evident in the embodiment of the besieged
and defending characters is contrasted with Masses of fighting
figures, showing the pain and ugliness of violence as semantic
factors to express good and evil, and highlighting the ferocity and
brutality of war, the position of the oppressed and the oppressor in
it, victory and defeat, the extent of its impact on man and society,
and how to mobilize the human awareness that Hussein bin Ali
and those with him called for to support truth. And he spread the
spirit of victory, and more precisely, the moral victory that Imam
Hussein achieved through his journey, which was followed by the
path of his lovers.
The research includes four chapters. The first chapter deals
with the methodological framework and addresses the goal and
importance of the research, then the problem of the study. The
second chapter is the theoretical framework and consists of four
sections with indicators. The third chapter takes the approach of
the applied analytical framework, then the fourth chapter is where
the results are drawn, And recommandations and then appendices.

The research discusses the issue of religious extremism، which
is considered one of the important and dangerous topics، and
which negatively affects the Islamic nation in general and the Iraqi
complex and its sectarian fabric in particular، by destabilizing its
security and stability in order to dismantle it، tear apart its unity،
and exhaust itself and its capabilities through destructive opinions،
in addition to that، exporting Islam as a religion that educates. It
calls for violence and terrorism، and to curb and eliminate this
deadly scourge، it was necessary to return and return to the source
of moderation and moderation، the core of Islam and its essence،
the Book of God and the family of the Prophet Muhammad، may
God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family، as they are
the safety valve for Muslims from misguidance and deviation،
and because the fortieth visit has special importance because of
the incomparable divine and merciful hidden secrets it contains.
Understanding is about comprehending its kingdom implications
Because it is connected to the Master of the Prophets، as he said
(Hussein is from me، and I am from Hussein. I love God who loves
Hussein)، and the connection with the Messenger is Quranic logic،
as God Almighty says (And whatever the Messenger gives you، takeit، and whatever he forbids you، abstain from it.) Thus، the forty
rituals of Muhammadiyah are divine، aiming to reassure hearts and
believe in the oneness of God Almighty. for، It demonstrates the
extent to which the Arbaeen visit reflects on the human spirit and
psyche، and the principles and behaviors that this ritual inspires
that intersect with the values of virtue and reform to reduce the
phenomenon of religious extremism through methods that rely
on dialogue،observation،and coexistenceWe have explained and
documented the role of the Arbaeen visit، according to what was
reported by official satellite channels، what was published on social
networking sites، and what was shown by electronic newspapers، in
confronting extremism before the world of all religions and correcting
the false perceptions carried by extremism and its methods.

Communications sectors are dynamic and extremely important
as they are at the forefront of technological innovation، constantly
expanding as a result of meeting the evolving needs of consumers
and businesses alike. On this basis، modern technologies emerge as
a transformative trend to improve network performance during the
Arbainiya event and million occasions، from managing and operating
the network to managing quality of service (QoS)، automating
customer service tasks، and developing new products and services
that are compatible with the million momentum occurring during
the blessed visit.
Hence، Artificial Intelligence techniques come to play a major roleduring the million events، starting with the process of geographical
research and marketing and tracking the movement of millions of
human waves and the behavior of subscribers، passing through
the planning and implementation processes for service towers،
all the way to the process of operation، maintenance and quality
management، and ending with providing communications and
Internet services to the esteemed visitors and measuring the rate
of Customer Satisfaction (CSAT)، all these stages require direct
intervention of Smart in Direct intervention of Artificial Intelligence
and finding instant solutions.
Understanding new activities and technologies and their applications
is essential to improving the competitiveness of networks and
increasing their efficiency and effectiveness. Artificial Intelligence
predicts potential outcomes that can be useful in risk management،
quality management، and achieving engineering balances in the
work of communications networks. It also helps skillfully detect
changing data trends، provide feedback، and redirect them as well
as takes suitable decision on time. The correct path that ensures a
secure connection to our valued visitors & pilgrims are destination
to Holy Karbala.

When Harvard University professor Samuel Huntington (1993) spoke
about the “clash of civilizations” theory، he departed from the prevailing
vision of classifying conflict and power as having ideological، political،
and economic roots، and identified it with a purely cultural، civilizational
origin. Since the Zeyarat Arbaeen belongs to a global civilizational
project، it has a value system that crosses other geography and cultures.
The mechanisms for disseminating this system represent the knot that
needs to be dismantled to highlight the interactive cultural role of the
values of the Zeyarat Arbaeen، specifically in Western society. Therefore،
the problem of this research paper raises the role of the Western media
in highlighting the interactive field between the cultural renaissance
project of the Zeyarat and the highest common human values. While
the contexts of the current era reveal the application of the hegemony
of political authority to the narrative of media discourse and the role of
policies in subjugating the media to serve specific interests and agendas،
the paper posits two complementary hypotheses; The first: The Zeyaratcontributes due to its rich cultural fields that are interactive and nonconfrontational،
as Huntington framed power relations، to the rise of
Islamic civilization and the integrated renaissance project in building
the normal human being and the Mahdist society. The second is that
the Zeyarat in the Western media is subject to a systematic process of
neglect and stereotyping that obscures these fields. Western writings are
few compared to the size of the largest religious event in the world، and
they carry a stereotypical image of the visit that makes it a “spectacle”
of pictures and numbers، but without the spirit of the Zeyarat; its values،
its spiritual and human dimensions، its cultural and social effects on
humanity، and the development of global Islamic civilization. The paper
monitors various Western websites، both journalistic and academic، over
the past years، in an attempt to find statistical data for writings about
the Zeyarat، and to analyze the narrative of Western discourse about it.
It aims to invest the data in activating the media knowledge system of
foreign visitors as “messengers of the Zeyarat” to their country.

The Husseini procession is considered an essential part of the
history of religious rituals in Iraq and an important religious ritual
for Shiites. Through its performance approach، the procession
expresses the spiritual loyalty of the Imam، peace be upon him، to
the People of the House، peace be upon them. The activities and
events performed by the procession reflect، in their tragic form،
the state of injustice experienced by Imam Hussein، peace be upon
him، and the clergy and members of his family in the mourning
procession. The scientific importance of the topic whose study
stems from several considerations، the most important of which
is the scientific importance of the topic in revealing the religious
and social phenomenon in its intellectual origins and behavioral
dimensions. Studying this phenomenon in its historical context in
Iraq is an important step in the field of scientific research، and this
topic can provide useful experiences to the owners of the available
processions. In addition to providing information about the history of
religious rituals and the religious and legal perceptions of religious
scholars for these rituals performed by Husseini processions، and
when we look at Iraqi society، we find that women possess great
vitality and effectiveness that has provided this society and taken it
with the factors of life and continuity despite all the difficulties and
tragedies that it has gone through. Throughout its long history، but
if we look into the depths of this society، we find that the mentality،
the limited outlook، and the exclusionary culture that derives its
reference and the basis of its existence from the social customs and
traditions that have established strong roots in the upbringing of this
society. The study is divided into several axes، the first: the historical
development of the Husseini procession، and the second: The most
important services provided by the procession to visitors، and thethird axis: the role of women in the Husseini procession during the
Arbaeen visit. The study came out with a number of results and
recommendations

The huge increase in the number of visitors during the fortieth visit،
especially during recent years، which exceeded twenty million، resulted
in an increase in the number of Hussein processions، both Iraqi، Arab
and foreign، which reached thousands of Hussein processions، and thus
this resulted in an increase in the amount of solid waste disposed of
from the service of these processions to visitors in particular. The city of
Hilla، the study area، is located at the crossroads in central Iraq، which
is characterized by the large number of visitors passing through it from
the provinces، the most important of which are ((Basra - Nasiriyah - Al-
Muthanna - Al-Qadisiyah)). Most of the visitors to those provinces have
their main concentration in the city of Hilla، which was reflected in the
consumption of many Materials and the disposal of many solid wastes،
which are often thrown away in a chaotic and irregular manner، cannot
be utilized or recycled، which creates reasons for creating environmental
effects that are harmful to health. Therefore، it was necessary to search
for ways that enable us to benefit from these wastes by recycling them orThe huge increase in the number of visitors during the fortieth visit،
especially during recent years، which exceeded twenty million، resulted
in an increase in the number of Hussein processions، both Iraqi، Arab
and foreign، which reached thousands of Hussein processions، and thus
this resulted in an increase in the amount of solid waste disposed of
from the service of these processions to visitors in particular. The city of
Hilla، the study area، is located at the crossroads in central Iraq، which
is characterized by the large number of visitors passing through it from
the provinces، the most important of which are ((Basra - Nasiriyah - Al-
Muthanna - Al-Qadisiyah)). Most of the visitors to those provinces have
their main concentration in the city of Hilla، which was reflected in the
consumption of many Materials and the disposal of many solid wastes،
which are often thrown away in a chaotic and irregular manner، cannot
be utilized or recycled، which creates reasons for creating environmental
effects that are harmful to health. Therefore، it was necessary to search
for ways that enable us to benefit from these wastes by recycling them ordisposing of them in different ways. It reduces its unhealthy environmental
impacts. The study directed a field questionnaire by interviewing the
owners of Hussein processions in the city of Hilla and learning about the
methods used in disposing of this waste and the amount of waste disposed
of، in addition to asking them about the possibility of benefiting from
this waste because some waste is considered an economic resource، the
most important of which is ( (Food waste - paper - empty cans - glass and
plastic bottles - fruit peels، etc.)) The study reached many conclusions،
proposals and recommendations on how to mitigate the unhealthy
environmental effects that harm the environment and the health of visitors
and put forward many ideas that enable us to benefit from solid waste..