AL ARBA'IN

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The Arbaeen pilgrimage is described as the millionth pilgrimage,
as it is considered the largest human gathering witnessed in theentire world, as official statistics indicate that the number of
visitors on this religious occasion may exceed 20 million visitors.
The increase in these numbers is affected by a number of political,
economic, and so on variables. These variables contribute to
increasing the number of visitors
To determine these variables, it is possible through the use of
factor analysis, which is a statistical method for reducing a large
set of variables to smaller variables that have a direct impact on
the phenomenon under study. In this study, factor analysis will be
used by determining its optimal degree that achieves the highest
variance explained by the important factors that have a very high
explanatory power in explaining the variables most influential
in increasing the number of visitors during the Arbaeen visit of
Imam Hussein, peace be upon him.

Organizing the movement of visitors and reducing congestion are
among the important goals pursued by all those who the Arbaeen
visit. Therefore, we are trying in this study to organize the movement
of visitors by relying on the queuing theory and applying it in the
shrine of Imam Hussein and the nearby area surrounding it. The
problem of this study is the possibility of using the theory of waiting
lines and its models to organize the movement of visitors inside
the shrine and courtyard of Imam Hussein, peace be upon him, and
the nearby area surrounding it during the peak days of the Arbaeen
visit. The importance of the study is that it will provide a model for
organizing and improving the traffic of visitors, which will contribute
to reducing the waiting times of visitors in waiting lines with the
possibility of accommodating a larger number of them, as well as
ensuring that visitors reach the purified shrine to complete the visitIn this study, we relied on some quantitative methods related to
the theory of waiting queues to determine the nature of the currently
existing movement organization and to present a proposal to improve
it, as well as using the simulation method (AnyLogic Simulation
Software) to represent the reality of the situation and the proposal
and compare them using waiting queue standards, to determine the
strengths and weaknesses of each.
Based on the results of analysis and comparison, the study
concluded that the proposed proposal had succeeded in providing a
clear improvement in organizing the movement. Therefore, the study
recommends applying the proposal for the great benefits it provides,
in addition to the possibility of applying the same proposal to shrines
and other religious shrines during the period of million visits.

The Arbaeen visit is one of the million annual visits, and it is
a religious-social practice whose importance increases year after
year because of its special importance from the Islamic perspective,
as several hadiths were mentioned in it from the Prophet of Islam,
Muhammad bin Abdullah (may God bless him and grant him
peace), explaining its virtue and importance. And because it carries
a doctrinal dimension among the Shiites of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be
upon them), as a group of texts came from the Imams (peace be
upon them) that urge and emphasize its importance. Millions of
Shiites flock to the city of Karbala in Iraq, coming from other Iraqi
cities and from outside the country, to commemorate the fortieth
anniversary. Imam Hussein (peace be upon him).n the demographic study, there is a need for estimates about
the numbers of the population and the possible changes in their
distribution among various activities. Population studies are
considered studies that follow the changes that occur in the
total population and its basic components in terms of customs,
traditions, etc., as well as calculating the basic indicators that
measure the rise and fall of population growth with the aim of
Estimating population numbers over the years or predicting
population size for the purposes of future planning and setting
long-term development plans programs.
The estimation methods differ from each other, and each one is
applied in completely different circumstances from the other. The
reason for the difference is due to the level of accuracy of the data
that is used as a basis for making these estimates. The forecasts
indicate an increase or decrease in the number of incoming visitors
in the future.
This research deals with the use of some of the estimation
methods that will be applied to estimate the number of visitors
arriving to the Holy Governorate of Karbala to participate in the
Arbaeen visit of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), during the
time period 2017-2022, which were obtained from the Karbala
Center for Studies and Research of the General Secretariat of the
Shrine. Holy Husseiniyah, and among the estimation methods
that were relied upon in the research (the geometric method, the
exponential method), and by using mathematical formulas foreach estimation method and through the extracted results it is
clear that predictions are made that the number of visitors to the
Holy Governorate of Karbala from inside and outside Iraq will
increase in the future.

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The blessed Arbaeen pilgrimage is a distinctive phenomenon, as
millions of visitors from every corner of the world crawl towards the
shrine of the Master of Martyrs, Abu Al-Ahrar Al-Hussein (peace
be upon him), on foot to visit him on the Arbaeen anniversary, as
his fans and admirers increase annually. They crawl towards his
pure sanctuary as an expression of their love and loyalty to him. As
they increase, the services provided to them increase, such as food,
drink, health, security, and other services. As a result, various types
of waste accumulate, such as food scraps, papers, cartons, empty
containers, water and juice cans, health services waste, and other
waste that is not used properly. Through the presence of proper
management that works to process and recycle them and then use
them as new materials that can be used according to their type,
they may be industrial materials used as raw materials in certain
industries, or fertilizer used in reclaiming agricultural lands, or a
source for generating energy. In addition to the role of recycling in
employing labor in the collection, sorting, disassembly, and otheroperations, the recycling process is considered one of the ways that
reduces the depletion of resources and a magic solution to create and
innovate technology to manufacture safe products for which waste is
the raw material.

There is no doubt that the signs and indicative signs located on external and internal roads, city entrances, and main road intersections have become, over time, one of the most important standards of safety and guidance in addition to being a civilizational indicator for countries that care about signs and indicative signs. These signs are credited with saving effort and time. And hardship on the road user, whether those roads are external or internal. In addition to maintaining
the safety of the visitor and his arrival to his destination in a timely manner,
from this humanitarian and social perspective, the research studies the role of guide signs in increasing cultural awareness among visitors to Arbaeen, as it is considered one of the important tourism projects and at the same time represents an attraction element in facilitating the task of those visiting the city and represents a relationship Interconnected in travel, whether visitors by car or on foot. The study also addresses the importance of signboards and indicative signs in terms
of discipline and awareness, as the role of indicative signboards is not limited to clarifying road routes and specifying distances. Rather, there are indicative signs that take another direction, which is the educational and edifying role inthe noble Islamic values from the moment the visitor leaves and determines the intention of the visit and what the consequences are for the visitor. Commitment to humanitarian thought based on the spirit of tolerance, familiarity, love, respect for opinions and the opinions of others, and peaceful coexistence.During
the visit, on the other hand, these signs and the phrases they contain raise the visitor’s awareness of how to deal with food, use sanitary facilities and waste, and sleep in the processions on the road, in addition to using decent clothes that are appropriate for the Husseini revolution, and how to accompany children and women, and this reflects lessons and lessons learned that We take inspiration from the personality of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him)

The use of technological systems is a big role in facilitating
the management of the visit of Arbaeen, which has been prepared
for a long time because the number of visitors reaches 20 million
visitors annually, from all over Iraq and the world, and this needs
modern and sophisticated ways to control the provision of the
best services technical support for the movement of cars under the
human momentum to the resolution is (200) visitors from Basra
who have been walking annually for more than 15 years on foot To
compare the services between the past and the present, statistical
methods were used (arithmetic mean, standard deviation and
simple linear regression to analyze the resolution outputs), and
the study concludes that visitors enjoy high-tech services through
telephone applications that achieved their desire from visiting in
a modern way to give them more confidence and pride, and the
study recommends the need to increase telephone applications
and provide internet along the line to walk from Basra to Karbala
in agreement with communication companies and the intranet to
operate these applications successfully

Aging represents one of the challenges of the twenty-first
century, as the number of elderly people has increased recently as
one of the results of urban development. However, the process of
urbanization and urban development in cities has brought about
changes in urban planning in various dimensions, which has led
to the emergence of some problems facing the elderly in different
regions, especially In religious centers, which representedthe research problem, the research aims to evaluate global
experiences. For the purpose of reviewing the global experiences
that faced this problem, the research will address the experiences
of the Mosque of Mecca in Saudi Arabia and the Mosque of
Razavi in Iran, and evaluate them from five axes (transportation,
participation and social integration, sublimation , security, and
safety)..to reach the themes that can be applied in the holy cities
in the Iraqi city of Karbala in the quarterly visit. Experiments were
evaluated for the above axes with points ranging from (0-4), (0)
when the axis was not achieved, (1) when the axis was weak, (2)
when the axis was moderate, (3) when the axis was strong. The
results of the evaluation were that the suitability of the area for the
elderly in the Razavi Mosque was greater, with a total of 105. The
unachieved secondary axes represented the lack of contribution
to the plan, and the lack of housing designated for the elderly.
As for the Mecca Mosque area, it achieved 86. The secondary
axes that were not achieved were the loss of volunteer work,
housing allocated for the elderly, and the lack of green spaces
and afforestation. Therefore, the research recommends studying
the main and secondary indicators in the above experiments and
evaluating the reality of the situation of the holy cities in Karbala
and Najaf, to activate the indicators that contribute to achieving
spatial suitability for the elderly, as one of the modern planning
trends is to take into account all age groups in city planning, and
to focus on the elderly groups.

Ziyarte AL-Arbaeen has turned into a global event of the greatest
magnitude in the world, a massive human flood estimated in the
millions, unparalleled anywhere else in the world. This monumental
procession has transformed from a local, regional, and sectarian
dimension to a global one.
The aim of this study is to shed light on the most important global
social values embodied in Ziyarte AL-Arbaeen and its religious
Observance and social characteristics. These are the fundamental
universal values that humanity adheres to and hold vital importance
in international relations in the 21st century, according to United
Nations reports. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach
in addressing these values.
It has been concluded that the most significant global social values
instilled by Ziyarte AL-Arbaeen in the hearts of millions worldwide
are solidarity, dignity, and freedom. These are shared human values
among all nations across continents. They serve as crucial global
standards that determine the respect and protection of human dignity.
And it concludes with the culmination of the study’s findings and
recommendations. May Allah grant us success and guidance.

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In the proposed scientific paper, we discussed: Hussain’s mask
and poetic symbols: reading the model of contemporary Arabic
poetry, we will insert the model of Arabic poetry, in which Hussain’s
image appears with the mask and the symbol of Dara.
In the hair and heated seal of Adonis and Ahmed Dabbour, in
the poems of Amel Dankel and Farouk Jouida, in the poems of
Aberrazak abel wahid, Kacem, haddad and Chawki Bazigh, the
scene of Hassan’s murder is a symbol of sin and shame.
If Hussein joins a historical figure, his name has become a knight,
a shame of a city, facing aggression and betrayal, anger and anger
plus deception, Hussein’s tragedy is just the face of human tragedy.
As Ibrahim Jabra said, in an atmosphere of vigilance, longing and
cruelty, there are headaches, tragedies of human madness, betrayal,
free murder and tragedies of kindness and virtue.
Therefore, Hussein is still a special mask and symbol of
contemporary Arab poetry mask, and a model of hymn and
counterattack of every failed commander.

Mental health and inner peace are considered among the highest
goals a person seeks to achieve in his life, and volunteer work llays a
positive role in achieving the factors of this mental health.
Faith in God and commitment to the religious teachings occupy
a prominent position in promoting psychological comfort and inner
tranquility, and this is actually mentioned in the Holly Quraan, Also
the strong connectikns with Imams is considered to be one of the
confirmed anxions in our Islamic Religion.
Perhaps the obvious connection to Imam Hussein’s approach and
the remarkable interaction in commemorating his memory annually,
especially through the Arbaeen visit, has become a milestone and
a univesal scene inwhich crowds of millions gather, and the hosts
arriving from several countries collaborate in this memory.
This exceptional phenomenon reflects the spiritual and
psychological affiliation through which the participants feel the safety
and inner peace because of the tight belonging to their Imam who has
become a brilliant role model in the pages of glory and prideIn this research, we will shed the light on the phenomenon of
volunteering and its impact on achieving the mental health, and on
the Arbaeen visit in its religious and psychological dimensions, and
its impact on the extension of Ashuraa, We will also focus on the
phenomenon of Husseini’s food to share, which have become more
widespread year after year, and on its psychological connotations.
This research also aims to demonstrate the effects of volunteer work
in the Husseini’s hosts through a field of study based on the technique
of individual interviews with a number of volunteers annually in the
Lebanese Husseini’s food to share.
This research is also concerned with answering the main question:
Is there an effect of volunteering in the Arbaeen Visitors Service on
the psychological comfort on the volunteer people?.

One of the clearest features of Imam Hussein’s revolution in
general and the Arba’een visit in particular is that every time the
pens returned to it, they found in it giving, a new source, and a
giving source. It is also known to every researcher that the Al-
Taf incident was, in reality, a rich giving. As soon as the pens
returned, they found that flowing spring full of giving. The blood
that the master of the martyrs, Hussein, shed in Karbala was alive
and will remain, and the secret in that is that it is an extension
of the blood of the prophets, and that blood has made its way to
immortality in life.
“And do not say of those who are killed in the cause of God that
they are dead; rather, they are alive, but you do not perceive it.”
No two people disagree that the Arbaeen pilgrimage has turned
every year into an important global event in the world, in fact the
largest global event in terms of the participation of people from all
parts of the world, heading to Karbala. Al-Hussein, peace be upon
him, and participants in that million-man march, as this visit is no
longer limited to the local dimension, as was the case in previous
centuries.

The study aimed to support government efforts during million
religious visits, while monitoring the mediating variables that
support the social roles of the media, especially the intensity
of their use of these media, the level of their reliance on them
as information sources, and the degree of confidence in the
information they provide about this pandemic in light of the
cultural specificity of Iraqi society. The researcher relied on
a survey approach. The media, both descriptive and analytical,
since it is the appropriate scientific method for the objectives
and hypotheses of the current study, as it helped the researcher to
carefully monitor the research problem and monitor the existing
relationships between its variables. It was based on the media
survey approach, and used the questionnaire tool to collect data
from a snowball sample from a crowd of volunteers, including
procession owners and members. Civil society, the population
available for the study: they are procession owners and members
of civil society in Baghdad, and the study sample is the simple
intentional sample of those in the age group from 18 to less than
55 years, consisting of 370 volunteers.
The study reached several results, perhaps the most notable of
which are:*Sample members do not use traditional media; As sources of
information about religious visits in Iraq. They also believe that
these methods are traditional and non-interactive.
*High intensity of use of electronic media by the sample
members, including socially active and volunteer respondents.
Especially smartphone applications and social media as sources
of information about religious visits.