AL ARBA'IN

When we mention the fortieth visit of Imam Hussein, may
God bless him and his honorable family and companions, peace
be upon them all, the idea of affection and mercy comes to this
spot and the roads leading to the dome of the Master of the Free,
may God bless him and grant him peace. When we see him in his
dealings, he began to provide a model of loyalty and morals among
all the visitors of Abu Abdullah al-Hussein, may God bless him and
grant him peace. And from here it comes. The idea of research that
was formed about tourism media of a religious and social nature
during the blessed Arbaeen visit and its importance in promoting
volunteer work among Iraqi youth and became not limited to Iraqi
youth, but rather to all nationalities that have a deep love for Imam
Hussein, may God bless him and grant him peace.
The research is divided into three sections. The first section
lays out the research methodology, the second section explains the
concepts of the study, which are tourism media and volunteer work,
while the third section is about the statistics that the Arbaeen visit
reported on media and volunteer work among young people, and
the conclusions and recommendations come, and in conclusion the
sources Scientific method used in research.

In this research, we intend to address Karbala as a memory that
encompasses the sacred place and time and to trace the path of the
formation of this memory. It is no secret that the sacred place merges
with the sacred time, Ashura, the time of the martyrdom of Al-Hussein
(peace be upon him), that pivotal event in the formation of the sacred
visit, the Arbaeen visit, the mother of visits, and the formation of
the primary elements of the rituals of visiting the shrine of Al-
Hussein (peace be upon him) and its acquisition of a kind of holiness
and transcendence. We also aim to reveal the role of the Arbaeen
pilgrimage as a sparking event in recalling the memory of Hussein’s
journey from Hijaz to Iraq and extracting the civilizational lesson from
it. We will also seek to examine Hussein’s charismatic personality
and its dimensions, which are full of emotion and symbolism and
laden with meanings of sacrifice and redemption. The Husseini
journey and the Karbala event depict an epic that followed a path rich
with immortal human values that the Shiite memory preserved and
narrated to us in its finest details. We will then focus on clarifying an
interconnected trinity consisting of three basic symbols upon which
the Shiite collective memory is built: person, place, and time, which
are the deepest concepts that govern the Arbaeen visit and all other
visitations. In the meantime, we will contemplate the meanings of
the Arbaeen visitation supplication and what it suggests of values of sacrifice, loyalty, companionship, allegiance, and salvation.
We will try, as much as possible, in the folds of our research to
trace the features of the Husseini project, and how it was renewed
through the Arbaeen visit so that the Karbala event becomes a solution
to the problems of the era and a rise to the challenges of reality and
the future and a type of Husseini renaissance that goes beyond the
tragic aspect to the resounding cry and revolution against injustice
and humiliation and the longing for freedom and dignity.

This research will address the topic of “The Psychological
and Spiritual Impact of the Arbaeen Pilgrimage”, where the
positive effects of the Arbaeen Pilgrimage on the mental health
and personal growth of the pilgrims will be reviewed. Models
such as the “PERMA Model” in positive psychology will be used
to evaluate these effects, with an analysis of recent studies and
field research related to this topic. In addition, issues such as the
Jerusalem Syndrome and ways to prevent the potential negative
effects of this pilgrimage will be discussed

Geography is one of the important sciences that is concerned
with studying various natural and human phenomena and spatial
and temporal locations. Among the most prominent topics of
geography that constitute the basic pillars on which this science
is based are: locations, places, joint interaction, regions, and
movement.
Through this science, and especially after the great scientific
development in identifying places, regions, roads, transportation,
and drawing maps... many historical events that some people
question as to whether they occurred or not have become possible
to verify their possibility through the science of geography and
its topics and foundations. This science can By determining all the facts of the historical event with accurate scientific numbers
through which it is proven whether this matter or incident occurred
or not.
One of these important historical facts and incidents that some
people doubt is the incident of the Arba’een visit. As the date of
the Arbaeen visit approaches each year, some try to cast doubts
about this visit and the possibility of it occurring in such a short
period of time at that time. They try to cast doubt on the possibility
of the captives going from Kufa to Damascus. And her return to
Karbala in this short period of forty days? From the killing of
Hussein, peace be upon him, on the tenth of Muharram al-Haram
and until the twentieth of Safar al-Khair.
In this modest research, we are trying to prove the possibility
of this important event (the Arbaeen visit) occurring during this
period (40) days through the topics and foundations of geography
and the statement of scientific facts that support factual and
scientific evidence, in addition to historical narratives that support
the occurrence of this event, and from God Almighty we derive
Help and success

There are many countries and tourist destinations that have paid
attention to the tourism industry in their development programs to increase
and diversify tourism demand. This study aims to identify the impact of
the Arba’een visit of Imam Hussein، peace be upon him، in attracting
tourists from different nationalities around the world to the holy city
of Karbala for the year 2021 AD - 1443 AH. Following the inductivestatistical-
analytical approach، the available statistical data was analyzed
using Excel 2016. The impact of the fortieth visit of Imam Hussein، peace be upon him، on attracting various nationalities to the holy city of
Karbala was reached by 53.3%. As a single tourist city compared to the
rest of the cities that are attractive to tourists in Iraq، the city of Karbala
has a religious character and is characterized by a large tourist demand،
especially since the Karbala governorate has many tourist organizations،
which is proportional to the governorate’s superiority in the percentage
of hotels and tourism projects compared to the total Iraqi governorates.

The millionth visits in Iraq are of great interest, as they attract a large number of visiting personnel. They have taken on themselves by the local and central governments of Iraq to develop a number of security strategies for the purpose of making such visits successful, especially after 2003. These plans involved operational leaders at the governorate level and in various military categories, with the basic objective of making these visits successful. As far as the security strategy is concerned, the blessed 40 visits have taken on the utmost importance from this strategy. In particular, the visit involved large numbers of visitors ranging from 15_23 million from inside and outside Iraq, The security strategy played a major role in the success of this visit. as it contributed to reducing visitor exposure, through proactive operations as well as its role in the conduct of visitors’ movement and participation in transport and others and we will learn about those security strategies through this research

Given the importance of the Arba’een visit to Imam Hussein in
Islamic culture and its profound impact on Islamic societies and
policies, this research presented a comparative study between the
crimes of the sultans during the Arba’een visit in two different
time periods. The behavior of Al-Mutawakkil Al-Abbasi in the
ninth century AD and the Saddam regime in the twentieth century
towards the visitors of the Imam was reviewed. Hussein, the study
shows that despite the large time gap between the two periods, the
sultans in both eras committed similar crimes against visitors to
the tomb of Imam Hussein, which indicates the continuity of some
political behaviors throughout the ages.

Travel books are very important in historical documentation
because most travelers kept records documenting complete and
daily information about the areas in which they passed and also
the dates of their disembarkation in those areas in order to provide
complete information about beliefs, religions, shrines of saints
and righteous people, religious rites.
Many foreign travelers wrote about the visit of forty with
multiple descriptions as one of the important and blessed visits
to the general Muslims in general and the Shiites of Ahl al-Bayt
peace be upon them in particular, and they also dealt with its
sanctity and the importance of the shrine of Imam Hussein, peace
be upon him to Muslims in general, and some travelers were even
describing the visit of Imam Hussein as a pilgrimage because of
the large numbers that used to come to visit the shrine

The research identifies the basic features of the discourse
of the authentic Muhammadiyah school, and the role of the
Arba’een visit in embodying this concept in light of the
developments of the current era. There is no doubt that this
embodiment is evident through the procession or activities
accompanying the Arba’een visit. The problem of the research
and its questions is represented by the question: How can the
Arbaeen visit expand the discourse? The Ahl Al-Bayt School
and how it can create a generation characterized by integration
by the end of the journey, and how we can make that journey
a path to human integration in the fields of virtue, and what
are the effects of the Arbaeen visit in the field of consecrating
the principles of peace and peaceful coexistence.
The integrative approach was followed in studying
the phenomenon, such that the descriptive and analytical
approach was used to describe the phenomenon, analyze
it scientifically, and demonstrate its impact in promoting a
culture of peace and peaceful and societal coexistence. The researcher did not neglect the historical approach in studying
the phenomenon and explaining the most important positives
that the Arba’een visit established in the field of peaceful
coexistence.
It has become clear through research that the path of Imam
Hussein, peace be upon him, represented by the Arba’een
visit, contributes to spreading and expanding the discourse
of the Ahl al-Bayt school, which is the path of equality and
peaceful and societal coexistence, as well as the spiritual and
social benefits and positives of the Arba’een visit.

Vehicle parking has a major impact on the success of the
transportation system، as it essentially helps in the continuity of
vehicle operation، especially during religious occasions، including
the Ziyarte Al-Arba’een. Therefore، through our study of the
reality of the situation، the reality was matched with the standards،
foundations، and site requirements for parking services، especially this site is considered the supporting axis for organizing And the
continuity of movement during the Ziyarte Al-Arba’een، and based
on the research problem represented by the presence of a defect in
the organization and distribution of spaces allocated for parking
vehicles and the randomness of the spatial distribution of vehicle
parking، specifically the weak efficiency of the spatial distribution
of vehicle parking in the city of Hindiyah، which led to a weakness
in providing services to the city’s residents and visitors، especially
since it is within the Tuwayraj station. In connection with Karbala
stations in organizing the Ziyarte Al-Arba’een and relying on
the research hypothesis to reach solutions to the spatial problem.
The hypothesis included neighboring spatial relationships and
relying in the signature on the walking distance traveled by
parking users، as well as in the efficiency of parking distribution
according to planning standards and analytical planning methods.
This contributes to raising the level of efficiency and thus It will
increase the efficiency of the transportation system in the city
and ultimately rely on the most important goal of increasing and
evaluating the efficiency of the spatial distribution of parking to
meet the demand for it، in addition to renewing parking activities
in the city of Hindiyah.
The statistical method، represented by the comparative analysis
method، was used to process and analyze the data collected
through field work. To know the efficiency of each station’s
service، modern technologies were used، represented by the Arc
GIS program، to build a spatial information base through which
the process of analyzing and extracting maps for most of the standards for vehicle parking was carried out in order to analyze
and evaluate the reality of the locations of those parking lots.
Proposed locations for vehicle parking have been reached in
order to increase the efficiency of the spatial distribution of vehicle
parking and the efficiency of service to meet the demand for them.
Among the recommendations are to organize the movement of
vehicles and the use of parking on a regular and regular basis،
to work with the smart parking system in the city of Hindiyah،
and to activate the (park & ride) system to integrate the work of
the supporting axis within the Tuwayraj station to reduce traffic
bottlenecks and organize them for the success of the Ziyarte Al-
Arba’een.

Tourism is one of the important sectors that some countries
depend on for their economy, and for the tourism industry to
be successful, its components must be available, such as tourist
attractions, places to sleep and rest, infrastructure services, and
transportation, which are among the basic pillars of this industry.
Due to the importance of transportation in tourism, especially
religious tourism, which characterizes Iraq for many reasons, the
research studied this aspect, and the Baghdad-Karbala road was
chosen as an area for study.
The research consists of three sections. The first is the
theoretical framework of concepts and terminology, as well as
the research hypothesis and its temporal and spatial boundaries.
The second section studies the geographical characteristics of the
study area, such as the arrival routes of visitors, the development
of the Baghdad-Karbala road, and the seasons of visitors’ arrival.
The third section is about the numbers of tourists and the services
provided to them, and identifying the road crossing areas that turn
into intersections for the duration of the Arba’een visit. The most
important conclusions: There is no regular and appropriate parking
for public transport vehicles, and the time factor is very important in transporting passengers. The most important recommendations
are the need to create a suitable parking lot that can accommodate
the large number of vehicles and visitors on the Arba’in visit,
linked to a developed road network.

The Arbaeen visit represents the educational and cultural climate
for the formation of student gatherings united by faith, sincerity, and
honesty to confront everyone who infiltrates the beliefs and traditions
of the Islamic heritage in the correct manner so that it continues from
generation to generation, and to mobilize these students intellectually
with Husseini values to establish them in their souls so that they will be
Husseini in their actions and behavior. This study came to shed light.
On the important and effective role of students in spreading the lofty
goals for which Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) emerged, such as
reform and standing up to the oppressor during the fortieth visit, and
also his role in encouraging his friends and relatives to participate in
the fortieth visit.
The field survey method was adopted for the purpose of collecting
data on the studied phenomenon,” The impact of students on the
fortieth visit” and a random sample size of (200) was selected from
male and female visitors using a questionnaire form that included a
set of questions about students’ participation in the fortieth visit for
the year 1445 AH. This data was analyzed. Using one of the statistical
application packages (SPSS) to study, analyze and identify the most
important variables that reflect the student’s impact on the fortieth visit
using one of the multivariate methods, which is discriminant analysis.