Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

In this research preparation of poly(maleamic acide) which substituted with imidazole as a bioactive material is performed. It was prepared from reaction of maleic anhydride with imidazole and Ring opening of maleic anhydride by imidazole, then the substituted maleamic acid was polymerized by freeradical polymerization by using dibenzoylperoxide as initiator. The structure of synthesized polymer was confirmed by FTIR, UV. and 1H-NMR spectroscopes, The controlled release of imidazol units was studied in different pH values at 37 0C. All physical properties of prepared polymer were measured

Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) react with different amines in THF toform new polymers (PVC-L). The structures of these polymers have been characterized by IR and Uv-Vis. spectrophotometry. The optical properties of pure and modified PVC were studied in the region (200-400 nm). The optical data analyzed and interpreted interm of the theory of phonon assisted direct electronic transition; it is observed that the energy is affected by doping type polymers used.

Spectrophotometric techniques were developed for the determination of single and binarymixture Promethazine hydrochloride (PMH) and Paracetamol (PCM). Normal and first derivative (1D) used for single drug at λ 249.5 and 243.0 for PMH and 243.5 and 225 for PCM. The simultaneous determination of binary mixture (PMH) and (PCM) were accomplished by first derivative (1D) and second derivative (2D) spectrophotometric technique with applying zero-crossingat valley (V=216.5) and Peak (P=258.8)nm for (PMH) and (V=274.0 and P=299.2 nm for PCM).The correlation coefficient for calibration curves not less than 0.999 and the relative standard deviation not exceed to 0.214. The recovery of individual constituents under establishedconditions inthe ranges from 97.00% to 101.97 %. Linearity is maintained within a wide concentrationrange from 4.00-30.00mg/Lfor PMH and PCM.Standard addition method used forpharmaceutical tablets.A good accuracy and precision of simultaneous determination of (PCM), and (PMH) were confirmed by statistical analysis.The proposed procedures were successfully applied to the determination of these compounds in different ratio by synthetic mixtures and pharmaceutical tablets without requiring any separation step

New metal complexes of the ligands 2-Benzamido benzothiazole (B1), and 2-Acetamido benzothiazole (B2) with th metal ions Au(III)and Cu(II) were prepared in alcoholic medium. The prepared complexes were characterized by FT-IR,electronic spectroscopy, Magnetic susceptibility,Flame Atomic Absorption technique as well as elemental analysis and conductivity measurement. From the spectral studies, an square planar as a monomer structure proposed for Au(III) complexes and octahedral diameric structure for Cu(II) complexes. Semi-empirical methods (ZINDO/1,PM3 and ZINDO/S) were carried outto evaluate heat of formation ∆H ̊f, binding energy ∆Eb, dipole moment for copper complexes .While AMBER method was used to calculate energies of Au(III) complexes. Alsovibration frequencies, and electronic transitions of prepared ligands were calculated. The electrostatic potential HOMO and LUMO energies were calculated for the ligands to determine the reactive sites for these ligands

The purification of diluted aqueous solution from toxic Ni (II) ion was investigated using commercial and bitter orange leaves activated charcoal as adsorbents through batch method. The contact times between the adsorbents and adsorbate at 298Kand pH of 5 were studied. The percentage metal removal approached equilibrium within 75 min on Commercial and 90 min on prepared charcoal surfaces. The experimental data of the metal removal equilibrium were correlated by either the Langmuir or Freundlichequations. Results indicate that the Langmuir model gave a better fit to the experimental data than the Freundlich equation. Kinetic processes of Ni2+adsorption on Commercial and prepared charcoal were described by applying pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order rate equations which that the adsorption process obey pseudo-second-order rate equation

Pharmaceuticals are widely distributed in different applications and also released into the environment. Adsorption of Ciprofloxacin HCl (CIPH) on Porcelinaite was studied at ambient conditions. The adsorption isotherms can be well described using the Freundlich and Temkin equations. The pH of the solution influences significantly the adsorption capacity of Porcelinaite, the adsorption of CIPH increased from the initial pH 1.3 and then decreased over the pH rang of 3.8-9. The adsorption is sensitive to the change in ionic Strength, which indicate that electrostatic attraction is a significant mechanism for sorption process. The enthalpy change (∆H) for the adsorption of CIPH onto Porcelinaite signifies an endothermic adsorption. The ∆G value is negative at all studied temperatures, inferring that, the adsorption of CIPH onto porcelinaite will follow a spontaneous trend. The ∆G value decreased when the temperature increased from 15oC to 37.5oC, suggesting increase in adsorption of CIPH with increasing temperature. The positive value of ∆S reflects the affinity of porcelinaite towards drug and also suggests increased randomness at the solid-solution interface.

The aim of the present work is synthesis of new phenoxathiin derivatives. The 2-(oxoalken-1-yl) phenoxathiin derivatives (3a-3j) obtained from the reaction 2-acetylphenoxathiin with different aromatic aldehyde in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The reaction of 2-(oxoalken-1-yl) phenoxathiin derivatives (3a-3j) with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in ethanolic sodium hydroxide solution to get 2-(isoxazolin-3-yl)phenoxathiin derivatives (4a-4j) which substituted at position (5) in isoxazoline ring with different aryl groups according to aromatic aldehyde used in the preparation of (3a-3j). All the synthesized compounds were characterized by different identification techniques to confirm structure which has been obtained

Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to study the thermal cracking for anthracene molecule to estimate the bond energies for breaking the following bonds C1-C2,C1-C9a,C9-C9a,C2-C3,C1-H1,C2-H2,and C9-H9 as well as the activation energies. The activation energy values for C1-H1,C2-H2,and C9-H9 bond breakage is lower than required for C1-C2,C1-C9a,and C9-C9a.The carbon -hydrogen bond rupture depends only slightly on the position in themolecule so the values of reaction energy is close to 117 kCal/mol and unlike the carbon-carbon bonds.It seems that the characteristic planarity is important factor to acquire the molecule structure the required stability along the reaction paths. The trends in the bond energies and the configuration structures are discussed

Aluminum chloride-urea ionic liquid was investigated for its active species concentration with the aide of electronic spectroscopy by Lewis acid-base titration with chloride ions. A coordination bonds between aluminum cationic species of the ionic liquid and the aromatic ring of toluene or benzene was assumed to be responsible for new formed bands in visible and ultraviolet regions. Upon Lewis acid-base titration these bands disappeared and the concentration of the acidic species were elucidated to be around 75 mole% of the initial aluminum chloride used to prepare a 1.5 mole aluminum chloride to 1 mole urea ionic liquid.The product of this reaction assumed to be between 1 acidic species to 1 chloride ion according to the mole fraction elucidated graph.

High blood pressure, also called hypertension: it is an elevated pressure of the blood in the arteries. Although the body can tolerate increased blood pressure for months and even years, eventually the heart may enlarge, which is a major factor in heart failure. Such pressure can alsoinjure blood vessels in the heart, kidneys, the brain, and the eyes. Tenormin used to treat hypertension may be chemically described as a benzene acetamide,4-[21 –hydroxyl 1-3-[methyl ethyl) amino] prosody]. Tenormin has a molecular weight of 266.34 D. Capoten used to treat hypertension, chemically described as a 1-(3-mercapto-2-D-methyl-1-oxoproppyl) -l-proline (S, S), is used therapeutically as an antihypertensive agent. It acts as a potent and specific inhibitor of angiotensinogen-converting enzyme.This study includes forty patients with high blood pressure whom divided into two groups: group (A) which included twenty patients use Tenormin and group (B) which included twenty patients use Capoten, and Twenty healthy subjects group (C) with matched age, sex and BMI, were included in this study as control group. Lipid profile, urea, creatinine, albumin, glucose were determined by enzymatic method.The results of group (A) show that there were significant elevation (P< 0.05) of total cholesterol, Triglycerides, VLDL, glucose, urea and creatinine, the result also revealed negative correlation between the treatment with Tenormin with LDL and glucose. The results of group (B) revealed significant elevation (P< 0.05) of cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, glucose, urea, creatinine and albumin. Negative correlation was found between Capoten with LDL and albumin asConclusionTenormin is more appropriate to treat patientswith diabetes mellitus or kidney disease in addition to hypertension

One of many applications of Lasers is the beam profile. For some Lasers and applications this may only be necessary during the design and fabrication phase of the Laser. The aim of the research is to design and construct a Laser beam profile based on CCD camera. The system have been constructed on analyzing in the near infrared (NIR) Laser beams as the CCD silicon chip can be exploited in this region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The results show the successfulness of the profile in displaying proper Laser images. Also, care must be taken to avoid over exposing the CCD camera. Finally, stability of the imaging system is of greatimportant

An Ozone generator was designed according to dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) technique withOxygen as a feed gas for Ozone generating. The effect of the flow rate on the concentration of the Ozone was studied, the flow rate was varied from 0.6to 5lit/min for two values of the gap spacebetween electrodes d= 2 and 4 mm, and two values of the electrode area A= 20 and 36 cm2. Also, the effect of the applied voltage on the concentration of the Ozone was studied, the applied voltage was varied from (1-9 kV) for the same gap space and electrode area values.It isfound that the concentration of Ozone produced increases with increasing voltage, and decreases with increasing flow rate

In this work the nonlinear optical properties for Rodamine 610 (R610) in PMMA doped films with different concentrations with the solvent Chloroform by using a high sensitive method known as Z-Scan techniquewere studied. Z-scan experiment was performed using CW diode laser at 650 nm with the power output of 45 mW, in two parts. The first part was done using a closed-aperture placed in front of the detector to measure the nonlinear refractive index. In the second part; the aperture in front the detector was removed (open aperture) to measure the nonlinear absorption coefficient. The experimental results for closed aperture show that the dye doped films exhibit negative refractive index (self_defocusing)for the films of concentration 10-5and 10-4M, while the film of concentration 10-6M exhibits positive refractive index (self-focusing), The results show also that the nonlinear refractive index and the third order nonlinear susceptibilityincreased with the increasing of the concentration due to the increasing of the film thickness which caused increasing the nonlinear phase shift in the samples.With open aperture z-scanthe samples exhibit two photon absorption under the experimental conditions. The effective values of the nonlinear refractive index n2, the nonlinear absorption coefficient β, real and imaginaryparts of the third-order optical nonlinearity, χ (3)were evaluated. The results imply that R610 films can be used as a potential medium for various optoelectronic applications including that in optical power limiting

This work reports the attempts to carry out pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) forsynthesizing colloidal Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs). TiO2NPs wassynthesized by 7ns Nd:YAG laser ablation of high purity titanium target (99.99 %) immersed in water ,and deposited the film on silicon solar cell to increase the efficiency of the Si solar cell . The surface morphology of the deposits materials have been studied by using atomic force microscopes (AFM). Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM) analysis showed that the average grain size of TiO2NPsinwater were 150 nmand rms roughness values are (2.27 nm) for TiO2thin film. The photovoltaic characteristics before andafter deposited Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) included short circuit current (Jsc),open circuit voltage (Voc), where the maximum (Jsc),(Voc)and fill factor (FF) obtained at AM1after deposited were 40.2 (mA cm-2) , 630(mV) and(0.7)respectively.After deposited Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs)increase the efficiency of the Si solar cell13.8 % instead of 10.3% conversion efficiency before the deposited.

This study was designed to evaluate histological changes in intestine of mice treated withSacchromycesboulardiiand infected with enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC). Twenty albino male mice were divided into four groups, and designated 1, 2, 3, and 4.Each group consistedof5mice and subjected to the followings treatments; Group1; used as a negative control.Group2; was infected with enterotoxigenicE.coliculture and use as positive control. Group3; was dosed with S.boulardii; Group4; was dosed with S.boulardiiculture, and infected with ETEC E.coli.Histopathological study showed that infection of mice with ETEC causes a necrosis, degenerative changes and inflammatory cells infiltration in intestinal sections as compared with normal section taken from uninfected mice, while dosing with S.boulardiiprevented the cytotoxic effect of ETEC in mice

The research amied to classify and characterize 11 different organisms according to amino acid sequencing of ND1 mitochondria gene by using the two analysis methods of factor analysis and cluster analysis,in order to achieve this goal,we collected amino acid sequencing from Database of national center biotechnology information (NCBI) for eleven organisms (human, chimpanzee, monkeys, cow, horse, mouse, rat, fish, frog, chicken and rabbit) and this was one of the most important of the results which was as follows: A: By using factor analysis the organisms was classified into six groups. B: By using cluster analysis the organisms was classified into four groups. Each group did included similar number of organism, they were identical with each other. This was a result of a similar chain peptide multiple for ND1. Results of the two methods(cluster and factor analysis) were cluster organisms(human andchimpanzeeandmonkey) in one group andwasthelowestvaluebetween humans andchimpanzees, with distance equal to 0.09, thegreataffinitybetween the human andchimpanzeeandmonkeyand clusteringofchickenasa singlegroupandreachedthehighestvaluebetween human andchickenwith distance equal to 0.642012 andtomoveawaygenetictraitsto humansfrom chicken. The conclusion factor analysis method was able to give more precise details of the method from cluster analysis throughthe.identification and clustering of new groups with genetic dimension for the other group

Spathaspora passalidarumis a natural xylose fermenting yeast that have the fungal pathway for converting xylose to ethanol. The second enzyme in this pathway is NAD+-dependent Xylitol dehydrogenase which converts xylitol to xylulose. In this study, the sequence of the nucleotides for XYL2gene is found in JGI site. It consists of 1098 bp and code for 365 amino acids. The forward and reverse primers were designed with restriction sites on the5` termini which are SacII and NotI restriction enzyme respectively using Lasergene 9.0 program. Genomic DNA was isolated and purified from S .passalidarum and amplified using PCR and it cloned into pSN303 resulting of the pYIM2 plasmid. Then it istransformed into Escherichia coli. This plasmid was isolated from E. coliand retransformed into S. cerevisiaeand transformant is called YJTY2. Results showed that enzyme specific activities with NAD+as cofactors were 2.32 and 0.0 U/mg forS. cerevisiaeYJTY2 and S. cerevisiae(CENPK2.1D) respectively. The enzyme did not show any activity with NADP+ as a cofactor. This enzyme is NAD+ dependent and can be used in combination with xylose reductase in S. cerevisiaeto be able to ferment xylose

Filed experiment was conducted to evaluatethe role of chemicalandphysicalmutagens in inducing genetic variation in thequantitativeandqualitativetraits, such asmorphologicalcharacteristics, yield components,seed yieldand proteinyieldof threecultivarsZaina,Aguadulceand local ofFaba beans (Vicia fabaL.). Nitrousacidmutagen was prepared. This acid was unstable, weakly acidic compound and decomposes rapidly that has been prepared immediately in the form of coldaccordingtothechemical methods. Also electricshockswere used according tothe physicalmethods, seeds were sown in the seasonof 2010-2011 atResearch field ofBiology Dept., CollegeofScience, BaghdadUniv. Factorial Experimentwas arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates.At maturity, seedswere collected first seasonof treatments, including the treatmentcomparison andthen sown in thesecoundseason of 2011-2012.Results showedthattreatment ofseeds soaked in nitrousacidmutagen solution for 24 hrsgave the highestseedsyield inbothseasonsrecording4370.39and3255.01kg/ha, respectively and not significantlydiffered at12-hrs soakingin the second season. Soakingtreatmentfor 24 hrswas superior insomephenotypictraitssuchasplant height, leafareaindexandyield components(number ofbranches/plant, numberpods inplant, numberofseedsin pod and the rate ofseedweight). Also superiorityinproteinyield was found in the first seasonreached 857.87kg/ha. Thehighestpercentageof proteinwas found after using electric shocktreatmentfor 6or 3minwhich differedsignificantlyfromseeds soakedin nitrousacid, Aguadulceandlocal cultivarsgavehigher proteinpercentages than Zainacultivar inbothseasons.Zainacultivar showedsuperiorityin seeds andproteinyield inthefirstseasonreached3774.61and734.4 kg/ha, respectively.Whilelocal cultivargavethehighestseeds andproteinyield inthesecondseason3073.57 and635.19 kg/ ha, respectively. A significantinteraction betweencultivarsandtreatmentswas found, Zainacultivar was superiorinseedsandproteinyield inthefirstseasonreaching 4997.09and929.94kg/harespectively and seed yield 3982.79 kg/hain thesecondseasonwhensoaked for 12 hrs. Localcultivargavethe highest valueof proteinyieldwith mean value 755.71kg/ha, and did not differsignificantlywith3 minshocksandsoaked for 24hrs inthesecondseason. It is concluded from this studythat soakingseeds in nitrousacidmutagen solution for24hrswas effective in inducting geneticvariationin faba beancultivarswhich is useful inbreedingprogramseitherby selectionorcrosses

Atotal of 89 sampleswere collected from pools of fish farms and gills pieces of fresh fishes from different locations in Baghdad governorate. From these samples, a total of 91 bacterial isolates were obtained and identified as suspected Aeromonasspp. according to the cultural and microscopical characteristics. After subjection to the biochemical tests, seven isolates were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila. Results of identification were confirmed by using Api 20E system. Ability of these isolates for protease production was screened. Results showed that all the seven isolates were protease producers; among them the A. hydrophilaA4 obtained from gills pieces of fresh fishes was the most efficient in protease production. Enzyme specific activity of protease of the crude filtrate of this isolate was 31.01U/mg protein.

This study was conducted to determinetheeffect of hot and cold water extractsofparsleyleaves onfive genus of bacteria belong toenterobacteriaceaefamilynomely;E.coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, ShigellaandSalmonellaafter 24 or 48 hrs of incubation where the number of growth colonieson macConkey agar appears.The efficiency of these extractsto preventbacteriafromgrowthwas indicated by using the percentage ofdilution value. The resultsshowedthat the hot water extract was more efficientinmost treated bacteria compared with cold water extract.Also resultsindicated that both Salmonella andEnterobacterwere more sensitive toward both extracts incomparsion with otherstudied bacteria,such asKlebsiellashowed higher resistance toward both extracts. Additionally,significant differencesbetween number of colonies grownon MacConkeymediumthat treated with hot orcold water extracts were recorded.

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is highly increasing during the three last decades. Evaluation of natural products to access new and effective antimicrobial agents is one of the scientific strategies to combat drug-resistant pathogens. With this perspective, leaf extracts of Bauhinia vareigatawhich had documented uses in traditional medicine, were investigated for antimicrobial activity against four bacterial strains, two gram-positive ; Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes.and two gram-negative; Escherichia coli, Proteusmirabilis.The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring inhibition zone diameters in agar well diffusion assay. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of B.variegata leaves extract as compared with antibiotics such as ampicillin, so that this medicinal plant could serve as a good candidate to treat various infectious diseases. The crude extracts of Bauhinia variegatashowed high antibacterial activity againstall bacterial strains as compared with the antibiotic ampicilliwhich recorded inhibition zone ranged from 21 mm to 34 mm. Ethanol diluted extract revean led no activity at the dilutions from 2% to 16%, while it showed less activity at the dilutions of 32% and 64% against staphylococcus aureus, Streptococuus pyogenesandProteus mirabilis. Escherichia coli showed resistance against all extract dilutions. It was noted that the extracts were more active against Proteus mirabilis, as compared with other bacterial species. Finally, all the bio-extracts were well stable at room temperature during the duration of the study and did not show any reduction of activity against the bacterial strains used in this study experiments

The present paper deals and discusses new types of sets all of these concepts completely depended on the concept of Beta open set. The importance concepts which introduced in this paper are minimal -open and maximal -open sets. Besides, new types of topological spaces introduced which called minTand maxTspaces. Also we present new two maps of continuity which called minimal -continuous and maximal -continuous. Additionally we investigated some fundamental properties of the concepts which presented in this paper

A new Ligand (ATG)(N-acetyl amino thioxomethyl) Glycine was prepared by the reaction of acetyl iso thiocyanate with Glycine, The Ligand was characterized by FT-IR,UV-vis and 1HNMR, some complexes of the ligand were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR,UV-vis spectra, move over determination of metal content by Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, molar conductance in DMSO solution and magnetic moments(μeff)

The main goal of this paperis to create special type of open and closedfunctions in bitopological spaces namely,quasi (1,2)* b-open functions and quasi (1,2)* b-closed functions.Also,we give some properties and equivalent statements of this concept

Automatic iris recognition system is reliable for automatic personal identification. This research aims to recognize and identify iris among many that were stored in database. It is includes,after entered iris image, image preprocessing, feature extraction based on texture analysis using Haar Wavelet transform to capture both local and global features details in an iris and iris identification (matching process) based on the Euclidean distance between the new input iris and templates stored in the database then choose the minimum distance between them. So the score degree can determine the genuine or imposter person. The database can display information about any processed iris. The study conclusion that Haar wavelet transform was efficient distinguished and noise sensitive under different conditions.

Image inpaintingrefers to the process of reconstructing lost part ofimages based on thebackground information. i.e., image Inpainting fills the missing or damaged region in an image utilizing spatialinformation of its neighboring region. Inpainting algorithm have numerous applications. Applications range from the reconstruction of missing blocks introduced by packet loss during wireless transmission, removing of impairments, such as cracks, scratches, and dirt, in scanned photographs and digitized artwork images, to removal of image objects such as logos, stamped dates, text, persons, and special effects on the scene.The main goal of the Inpainting algorithm is to modify the damaged region in animage in such a way that the inpainted region is undetectable to the ordinary observers who are not familiarwith the original image.This paper proposes an automatic approach for image inpaintingusing special method that depend on inpainting degrading closed circles around the mask in the inpainting process to improve the quality of the results. The results show that our method is more efficient when compared with genetic -based image inpainting and particle swarm optimization based image inpaintingbased on subjective criteria

The aim of this paper is to develop a descriptionprogram to stimulate movement object on a map. It'sconsisting of two parts: the first part is drawing the map by using map projection (cylinder method). The second part is stimulating the autopilot movement on the map by using azimuth equation, which is showing the movement of object on the map. The static speed was taken in consideration while neglected the effects of winds, weather and other factors that affected the plane and has kept on the movement and how to perform traffic on the line of flight