JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL & CULTURAL STUDIES an academic magazin

In the early Arab-Islamic conquest of Al-Andalus, Sufism entered that country with some followers who entered Al-Andalus for jihad and Murabba, and these were those who were referred to as piety, piety and asceticism in the world, I mention, for example, the venerable follower Hanash ibn Abdullah al-Sanani, whom the sources mention and talk about his piety and worship.
Asceticism in Andalusia was carried by the journey of scientists through a direct meeting with the sheikhs and scholars of mysticism in the East, and sometimes came through their writings that entered Andalusia through those who came to it.
She also sent to the Andalusian countries works on preaching, asceticism and Sufism, for example: the letter to Sufism on the horizon of Islam, the book of inking in the science of inking by Al-qushairi, and the book of the literature of religion and the world by Al-Mawardi.
Andalusian scholars were studying these works, which led to the spread and prosperity of philosophy in Andalusia with initial encouragement.
Morocco has the right to cherish the son of seventy, one of its greatest spiritual magnates.Although he was born in mursiya, Andalusia, in the year(631 Ah/1216 ad) from a noble and rich family, the family of Ibn seventy, where he spent most of his youth in Andalusia, where he learned Arabic and literature, studied mental Sciences and took mysticism about Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Yusuf ibn Muhammad al-dahhak, where he spent the time period of his life in Morocco, and wrote most of his letters there.

Praise be to Allah, we praise him, we seek his help, we ask for his forgiveness, we repent to him, and we seek refuge by Allah from the evils of ourselves and from the evils of our deeds, whoever guides Allah, he is not misguided, and whoever misleads, he is not guided .
The study of the topic of naked rulings in our present time is almost far from the attention of researchers, despite Islam's care and great interest in economic issues, and it paid great attention to it, as the holy verses and hadiths came with a huge amount of commands and prohibitions to regulate the life of society.
This is a fair share of explicit conversations that mentioned the term nude.
As for the Holy Qur'an, this word is not explicitly mentioned in a particular Qur'anic verse, but its meaning is quoted in many verses, in which Allah Almighty mentioned that he forbade Ma'un from the qualities of a liar on the day of judgment and threatened with woe on the day of resurrection .

The venerable Sahabi Osama bin Zaid (may Allah be pleased with them) is one of the heroic Mujahideen in Islam and one of the speakers of the Hadith of the messenger of Allah (may Allah be pleased with them), where he stayed with him since his origin and was raised in the shadow of Islam, and he is known as Abu Muhammad, no wonder he is the son of Zaid bin Haritha (may Allah be pleased with them), who is nicknamed the love of the messenger of Allah (may Allah be pleased with them).
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) died at the age of twenty, and his command was over a great army of strong and Brave Companions such as Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattab(may Allaah be pleased with them).
Caliph Abu Bakr (As) insisted after the death of the messenger of Allah (s) that Usama\'s army be executed, and many of the companions objected to him, so caliph Abu Bakr (as) executed him. In addition to all this, he had narrated about the Prophet (s)for his accompanying him, he is an important source for the narration of his Hadith (s)as narrated about his father Zayd (s)as narrated about him from the great companions Abu Hurayrah Al-Dosi (d57h), as well as Ibn Abbas (d68h) (s), as narrated about him from the Great followers Abu Uthman al-Hindi (d95h), Abu Wael and others. His Hadiths are famous and are considered one of the Reliable Sources in the Hadith of the noble Prophet. For this reason, I liked to highlight this inimitable historical figure and explain it in this research, and I relied on the books of Sunnah, Sahah, Ibn Saad layers, and history books such as the history of Tabari (d. 310 ah), the history of Ibn al-Athir(630 ah) and the Golden (d. 784 Ah), biographies and others

Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our Lord Muhammad, the best of all creation. And after
The Arabian Gulf region has an important strategic location, as well as its economic importance, which had an impact on the invasion of Europeans to its coasts, especially the Portuguese, who imposed their control over it since the sixteenth century. This attracted the attention of researchers, so they addressed the stages of the invasion and its causes. This research comes as an extension of many researches and studies that have dealt with the topic of Portuguese domination over the Arabian Gulf.
The first topic dealt with the most important motives for the Portuguese invasion of the Arabian Gulf region, which included religious, economic, political and social motives, and we explained those motives briefly.
The second discussion highlighted the Portuguese occupation of the Arabian Gulf and the encouragement of the papacy for that occupation, as well as the methods used by the Portuguese colonists to control the trade of the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Gulf and to deprive the Arabs and Muslims of practicing their commercial activity in those seas. The discussion briefly dealt with the military campaigns led by the Portuguese, especially the military campaign led by the Portuguese commander alfonsudi Albuquerque, who managed to control the kingdom of Hormuz in 1507, which is characterized by its important strategic location as an outlet to the Gulf and was able to control a number of important commercial ports in the Arabian Gulf.

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon the messenger of Allah, and upon his family and companions and his parents .
And yet: the command of unity and the Prohibition of separation has been mentioned in the Holy Quran, and in the noble prophetic Hadith, and the nation was unanimous on it, and since the supplication to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and his family and companions and the general believers has sparked controversy and discussion among Muslims, and led to the atonement of segments of them to each other, I liked to address it in an independent research, so that it may contribute to Reunion, and collect the word, which is the task of researchers and scientists, and the general public followed them in this regard .
The nature of the research necessitated dividing it into an introduction, four sections and a conclusion, the introduction showed the importance of research issues and its scheme, the first section defined begging in the language and in the Shari\'a, the second section was about the legitimate begging unanimously, and the third section was about the Forbidden begging unanimously, the fourth and the last section is about the resource of the difference from begging, and the conclusion was a summary or summary of the research, hoping that it would not be a shout in a valley, and be a reminder and conscious ear .

Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, and peace and blessings be upon the messenger of Allah and upon God and his companions:-
In its early era, the Abbasid Caliphate witnessed several internal disputes in order to seize power, and they developed into bloody clashes such as the exit of Abdullah ibn Ali over his brother Abu Ja\\\\\\\'far al-Mansur, and perhaps the most dangerous conflict witnessed by the first Abbasid era was the dispute that arose between Al-Amin and Al-Ma\\\\\\\'mun (198 Ah / 813 ad) .
During the first Abbasid era, the Abbasid caliphs faced racist Persian movements against Arab rule, especially after the disposal of Abu Muslim al-Khurasani, such as the babakids and the khurramites .
The state of the Abbasid Caliphate was affected by this struggle for influence between the Arabs, Persians and Turks, and the Persians \\\\\\\' influence was strengthened by the inability of the Abbasid caliphs to maintain a balance between the peoples for a long time, so they controlled most of the facilities, including the ministers and leaders who were domineering starting from the reign of al-Mansur, until al-Rashid was forced to Nakba his ministers baramka (187 Ah / 802 ad) .
Then, after the victory of Ma\\\\\\\'mun over his faithful brother and the arrival of the Sons of Sahl, they were the horses of his great house in his reign .
Al-Mu\\\\\\\'tasim (218-227 Ah / 833-841 ad), after assuming the caliphate, saw to make himself a new reliable element, so he took from the Turks a lining of leaders, ministers and a lining and eliminated the Persian influence, but at the same time he helped to strengthen a new influence, the Turkish influence, as some Turkish leaders tried to monopolize positions and control the capabilities of the caliphate, including Afshin Haidar Ibn Kaus, but caliph Al-Mu\\\\\\\'tasim was able to limit the growth of their influence and eliminate this is what prompted me to choose (the impact of Caliph al-mu\\\\\\\'tasim in eliminating al-Afshin) a title for this research to clarify the role of Caliph Al-Mu\\\\\\\'tasim by Allah in eliminating the movements and revolutions opposed to the Abbasid Caliphate، How Al-Mu\\\\\\\'tasim was able to eliminate Al-Afshin, who tried to break away from the entity of the Abbasid Caliphate and form an emirate for him in ashrosna .

Jordan is the closest country to Palestine in everything, geographically, blood and historical relations, and therefore it has been and continues to be the most affected Arab countries by the Palestinian issue and its various consequences when it affected it politically, economically and demographically, as well as the fact that Jordan is located on the longest border with Palestine, so it paid special attention to the Palestinian issue .
In order to determine Jordan's position on the Palestinian issue and its policy towards the PLO and put it in its time frame, this research came to study Jordan's policy towards the PLO.
Therefore, the research was divided into two axes:
In the first axis, our research dealt with the Jordanian policy towards the Palestinian entity, in which it touched upon the conditions witnessed by Palestine after the 1948 war and its impact on Jordan.it also addressed Jordan's position on the establishment of the Palestinian entity and the movements in the Council of the league of Arab states and Jordan's position on them.
The second axis dealt with Jordanian politics after the establishment of the Palestine Liberation Organization, in which it dealt with Jordan's policy towards the establishment of the organization, the reasons for the development of the dispute between Jordan and the Palestine Liberation Organization, and the media campaigns between the two parties, which played a role in the escalation of differences .

Researchers in historical studies, including specialists in studies related to Islamic economics, have traditionally dealt with the House of money as an institution in which all financial events such as revenues and expenses are organized according to their typical and usual form without diving into its depths to present and indicate the secondary and non-essential aspects, the existence and location of the House of money and the obstacles it faced such as looting, theft and encroachment on public money, which is loyal to all the nation and in no case should any harm be done to it, even by the institution of the caliphate.
We deliberately revealed what was hidden and confused by tracing the texts that came from her first two novels using an evidentiary approach based on research, consideration and analysis to clarify the image and extract what is contained in it and display it.
It is also no secret that the financial and administrative systems of the Sassanid Persians were at an advanced level of accuracy and organization, and the House of money played a very important role in controlling the revenues of the Sassanid state, especially the blackness of Iraq, which was occupied by them and generates a lot of money for the state treasury because of the fertility of the land, the availability of water and the diversity of crops.when Iraq was liberated by the armies of the Islamic conquest, Muslims did not find it necessary to adopt most of these systems, including the House of money, but they harnessed it in accordance with the Islamic approach.

Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our Lord Muhammad, the best of all creation. And after
The Arabian Gulf region has an important strategic location, as well as its economic importance, which had an impact on the invasion of Europeans to its coasts, especially the Portuguese, who imposed their control over it since the sixteenth century. This attracted the attention of researchers, so they addressed the stages and causes of the invasion. This research comes as an extension of many researches and studies that have dealt with the topic of Portuguese domination over the Arabian Gulf.
The first topic dealt with the most important motives for the Portuguese invasion of the Arabian Gulf region, which included religious, economic, political and social motives, and we explained those motives briefly.
The second discussion highlighted the Portuguese occupation of the Arabian Gulf and the encouragement of the papacy for that occupation, as well as the methods used by the Portuguese colonists to control the trade of the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Gulf and to deprive the Arabs and Muslims of practicing their commercial activity in those seas. The discussion briefly dealt with the military campaigns led by the Portuguese, especially the military campaign led by the Portuguese commander alfonsudi Albuquerque, who managed to control the kingdom of Hormuz in 1507, which is characterized by its important strategic location as an outlet to the Gulf and was able to control a number of important commercial ports in the Arabian Gulf.

Future studies are of interest to researchers who communicate in collecting information and reading events and the result of the accumulated storage in their scientific memory files and their money from research tools that enable them to predict what is possible to happen in the future, failure in something in the present can be used in the future and here it is the researcher's right to present what he deems correct and useful and diagnose the error and warn of it and its probabilities in the future, and this does not mean that what he extrapolates in the future is a prediction that takes the categorical and decisive degree, there may occur sudden variables that may lead to which leads to complete blurred vision
Therefore, before starting to address what he wants to present, the researcher should take into account in his calculations the things that occupy a space of the mind of the society and control its thinking in order to diagnose the appropriate topics, and thus the society has shared its concerns and aspirations and contributed to finding appropriate ways to address these problems, and this applies to the policy maker or workers in its field and executors of its programs, and not to forget that each event has two depths, the first historical and the second contemporary, and they form the main pillar in analyzing and extrapolating the future prospects of the crisis to be studied and analyzed, and then give the best treats to her ..
Therefore, looking at the future prospects of the situation of Iraq according to the available inputs under the occupation is considered an input to the science of future studies, which does not mean imaginary predictions or ideal ideas that contradict reality and refute the past, but rather objective scientific studies and analytical attempts that address the differences that govern the past and are based on the present to rise on new considerations dictated by the circumstances of upbringing and wisdom of the elements and foundations of the current Iraqi reality to foresee its future.
The process of forming or building a state on the ruins of a state with a depth in the administrative and political system has been completely destroyed, and finding a political system and an alternative government is only a process governed by power relations in the society concerned with the issue, and any relationship of power is characterized by asymmetry or equality of the parties contributing to it, and this means that the relationship of forces in the case of bargaining and conflict may be a peer relationship, and this means that the equality of the two conflicting forces combines a contradiction, because it is clear that when everyone is equal, there is no politics, because politics is a conflict relationship between two parties or more, each of which aims to subjugate the other to his will or force him to identify with it, aiming at eventual coercion. The mutual dependence and co-influence of equal forces implies a lack of driving force, so we can say that asymmetry must always exist in power relations as long as these relations are based on challenge and response ...

During the decade of the Eighties of the last century, Iraq posed the most serious threat to Iran, which, with clear Arab and American support, was able to harm Iran to such an extent that Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khomeini was forced or forced to end military operations on August 8, 1988, and then Iraq's invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990 sparked the second Gulf War led by the United States of America, which these political developments, especially in the decade of the nineties, appeared on the horizon of Iranian national security It poses a new threat from a neighboring Arab country, Kuwait, because of the presence of American troops in it, as well as their presence in Iraq after the occupation of it in 2003.

This paper sets out to investigate the concepts of ' text' and ' image' employed in ' humorous advertisements ' found in newspapers or magazines and the translations of such discourse genres .A semiopragmatic approach is adopted to scrutinize the subject matter in question . Five advertisements are selected to be the corpus of the study. Proposed renditions are suggested in accordance with the results of the semiopragmatic analysis.

It is found that when texts are used to direct the readers' attention to the picture, or when pictures are used to direct the readers' attention to a specific written message, the text-image relationship is predominantly a pragmatic one; and in both cases the relationship between text and picture is an indexical one (semiotic) .It is also found that implicatures : a special kind of pragmatic inferences, have been kept by the translator in his rendition leaving the reader to interpret the implicit meaning of the humorous advertisement depending on experience or background knowledge.

Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, and peace and blessings be upon the master of the messengers, our Lord Muhammad (s).
And yet....
Poetry is one of the weapons of Islam, where the poets of the time of the messenger of Allah (s) in the breast of Islam defended the messenger of Allah (s)with their poems and verses, responded to the poets of the polytheists and spread the virtues of Islam among people, praising his virtues and virtues.
The mention of these poets came in the books of the noble prophetic biography, in the books of history and invasions, where they sang their poems to the ears of the Holy Prophet (s)in the blessed mosque, or in his hands in invasions and jihad, inciting Muslims to fight, strengthening their resolve, and raising their spirits, and the Holy Prophet Muhammad (s)recommended this from them, rewarded them for it and called them)).

A careful reading of the historical sources related to the stage of the Islamic conquests in Iraq shows us that they are nervous wars between Arabs of different religions and other agama, and it must be noted that these sources have been searching among the narratives in order to confirm their idea of this subject, which has been spreading rapidly in order to hide the truth, which emphasizes the distortion of the image of the Arabs of the Arabs and others who are loyal to them, and Christianity had a big role in supporting Muslims in the conquest of Iraq in some I found that the original sources were rich in tracking events, the most important of which is the history of al-Tabari, in which he gave accurate accounts of the events that accompanied the conquest of Iraq, as well as Ibn al-Athir al-Kamil in history and Ibn Kathir at the beginning and the end had a great role in this aspect .
This research is intended to prove the existence of Christian Arabs in Iraq and to know their true positions and to avoid distorting the sources of this fact, which I confirmed by clarifying two positions for Christian Arabs, the first : standing against the Islamic conquests and the second : peaceful for Muslims at this stage .
The research was divided into two parts : the first one dealt with the stability of the Arab tribes in Iraq, and the second one focused on the first beginnings of the conquest of Iraq during the reign of caliph Abu Bakr al-Siddiq ( may Allah be pleased with him ) .