The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine

In a survey of 26 stray cats collected from different areas in Baghdad. Each cat examined for ectoparasites and gastrointestinal parasites. All cats examined were harbouring one or more species. The high rate of infection was found with Diplopylidium columbae and Physaloptera preputialis (82.6%).


External parasites recorded in this study were Rhipicephalus species and Ctenocephalus felis.

This study was carried on 50 calves with septic arthritis. Synovial effusion was obtained by arthrocentesis from the joints of these calves and examined bacteriogically to determine the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the isolates to 14 antibacterial agents. The results showed that the incidence of septic arthritis was higher in male calves (74%) than in females (26%). The higher incidence was found in calves under two months of age. The most frequent bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirablis, Corynebacterium pyogenes, beta-haemolytic Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


It was shown that most of gram positive isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, cloxacillin, erythromycine, fucidin, garamycin and pencillin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most resistant microorganism to all antibiotics used except amikac in and garamyc in.

The present study was conducted on onc hundred twenty non-lactating COWS located in two different regions in Baghdad. The overall incidence of clinical and subclinical mastitis was found to be 10.0% (5.26% on quarter basis) and 30.47% (11.43% on quarter basis) respectively. Bacteriological examination of 401 milk Samples revealed that Staphylococcus aureus was the cheif etiological agent (36.15%), both in clinical and subclinical mastitis followed by Streptococcus agalactiae (21.69%), Escherichia coli (13.25%), Streptococcus dysglactiae (9.64%), Streptococcus uberis (6.02%), Corynebacterium pyogenes (6.02%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.41%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (2.41%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.41%). It was noticed that, the udder infection was high during the first and last two weeks of the dry period (14.16% and 24.16% respectively)

Laboratory experiments were done to study the possible circumstances which might accompany some pathgenic bacterial species which penetrate table eggs, being contaminated either naturally or experimentally. In the first stage, the contents (albumin + yolk) of each of 28 eggs were cultured directly onto brain heart-infusion (BHI), brilliant green sulfa (BGS), MacConkey Agar (MA), mannitol salt agar (MSA), tellurite blood agar (TBA) and 5% sheep blood agar (SBA); in addition to selenite broth (SB). Out of 28 egg samples, 8 bacterial isolates were recovered and identified; as 4 Staphylococcus aureus, 2 Bacillus subtilis and 2 Proteus vulgaris. In the second stage, another 28 eggs were artificially contaminated by calibrated doses of each of E. coli, Pr. vulgaris and Ps. aeruginosa which were originally isolated from different disease conditions in children. Contamination of each egg was carried out as spots (droplets) on certain areas on the surface. Preliminary results showed a successful penetration of the organisms through the egg within 10, 15 and 30 minutes, and also after 2 and 4 hrs of storage at temperature (12-18 °C), although their numbers were decreasing progressively, espically within the egg\'s contents, until they could not be recovered after 8 days of storage.

A total of 14 different bacterial species were monitored for their capabilities in survival on each of metal (coins) and carton surfaces. Species used were: B. subtilis, Br. abortus, Coryn. pyogenes, E. coli K1. pneumoniae, L. monocytogenes, Past. multocida,


multocida, Pr. vulgaris, Ps. aeruginosa, Sal. typhi, Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis, Strept. equi and strept. zooepidemicus. Results showed that all species were recovered from carton surfaces after 7 days of storage at room temperature (18-24 °c), and only B. subtilis was detected from the same surface after 14 days of storage at the same temperature. But from metal surfaces only Staph. epidermidis was recovered after 7 days of storage.

Conventionally reared goats and experimentally inoculated goats with Mycoplasma agalactiae were examined for the presence of M. agalactiae in their ears and nostrils. No isolates were obtained from the ears' of neither goats. An isolate. was obtained from the nostrils of a conventional goat, while the experimental goats yielded many isolates from their nostrils.

Survival of E. coli (0114:K90) on each of glass, wood, polystyrene and metal surfaces


surfaces was studied. Artificially contaminated


contaminated surfaces were stored at both 4°C and room temperature (18-20°C), and samples from cach surface were collected approximately after 1, 3, 10 and 40


40 days of storage, and cultured for bacterial growth.


E. coli was recovered from glass and polystyrene surfaces after 1, 3 and 10 days of storage at both temperatures; from wood up till 40 days of storage at both temperatures; but the only exception was metal surface, where the organism was recovered only after 1 and 3 days of storage at room temperature, but was not isolated from the same surface stored at 4°C

An outbreak of rinderpest virus infection diagnosed clinically in Muvlon and Dama deers at Roathat, Al-Maha Fenced Deers Farm


Deers Farm in Al-Doura City Baghdad-Iraq. The virus was isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes and kidneys of the infected animals. Some of the postmortum changes of the suddenly died animals showed bloody diarrhea and congestion of the intestine, beside necrosis of the lower lips and gums.
The isolated virus was indentified by the following methods: agar gel diffusion, indirect immunofluorescent technique and neutralization test using rabbit antirinderpest serum as reference.

A study was carried out to investigate the effect of fluoride on cholesterol synthesis in testicular tissue of rams. Sodium fluoride was added to the rations at two levels (50 and 100 ppm) on dry weight basis. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and the right testes of each animal was removed and incubated with 1-C1- acetate in the presence and absence of HCG. Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulated cholesterol biosynthesis significantly in the control animals, but failed to do so in the fluoride treated rams. Fluoride, also, reduced cholesterol biosynthesis in the treated groups compared with the control animals. Itw was postulated that fluoride might alter cholesterol biosynthesis by influencing carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways.

طبغرافيا يكون لون الجسم السياحي في حمام الصخر ابيض فضي ويحتل اماكن مختلفة في التجويف الصدري. يقع الجسم السباتي على الشريان السياحي أو بتماس معه، او وحشيا للشريان الدرقي الذيلي كما يقع بحماس واضح مع الغدد جذيب الدرق. نسيجيا، يتكون من الجسم السباحي في حمام الصخر من خلايا رئيسية وخلايا سانده. تتال النسيج الشعاري نسين قام مع بعنى الحبيبانيات وعدد من الشعيرات الدموية. توجد الياف عربية في النسيج العام بان خلايا المتن.

Cesarean section (C.S) was performed on 81 out of 172 case of caprine dystocia in local and shami breed goats, aged between 2-4 years old. The animals were brought in by owners and referred to Departmant of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad and another two Veterinary clinic centers around Baghdad during the kidding the kidding seasons of 1990-1993. C.S was a safe method of kid delivery with a high success rate (95%), followed by manual correction and traction (89.4%). The lowest response was obtained by pharmacological treatmant 46.6%. were The most common indications of C.S in does ring womb 45.5%, oversized fetus 35.8%, vaginal prolapse near the end of gestation 16% and fatal monsters 2.4%. C.S was performed more on primiparous does (39.6). Does having male kids appeared to be more likely to require C.S 61.3% than those having female kids 38.7%. rate of kids delivered by C.S was 66.8%. The obtained showed that C.S was most reliable and safe procedure to deal with dystocia in goats.

Two hundred and eight six blood samples were collected from cross bred cows and calves at several rearing plants in and around Baghdad arca. Such samples were screened for the presence and spread of B.L and IBR disease. ELISA we used for all samples check for the Presence of specific anti Bl. and TBR viral antibodies.


Results indicated the paresence of such antibodies in percentages of 7.1% ((from atotal of 198 samples)) for BL virus and 11.5% ((from atotal of 164 sample)) for TBR virus.
Results also showed variable infection rates among different plants under survey.

Fourty chicks were used to study the effect of adding vitamin -C- to the feed on experimental infection with Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) virus. They were devided randomly into three group. Chicks in group two received 300 mg vitamin C/Kg of food one day befor infection. Chicks in group two and three were infected by giving tissues taken from naturally infected chickens while chicks in group one served


as uninfected untreated controls. The number of infected chicks were zero, 2 and 6 in group one, two and three respectively. Vitamin -C- leveles were reduced from 29.5 to 17.5 mg/100 g. of liver tissues but it rose to 19.3 in infected chickens when vitamin -C- was added. in response to stress of infection heterophils/ lymphocytes ratios was elevated form 0.5 to 0.9 but it reached 0.5 when vitamin -C- was added. The results of this experiment indecated that the severity of IBD can be reduced by adding 300 mg/Kg of vitamin -C- to the feed of broiler chicks.

A sample of (700) seven hundred out of (3000) three thousend randamly collected livers of sheep and cattle from Mosul abatteir during a biweekly visits of six months period, has been subjected to both gross and histopathological examinations.


Results indicated that parasites induced the highest perecntages of tisse changes in the livers of cattle and sheep, the parasites responsible were hydatid cysts and Fasciola gigantica.


gigantica. which indicated that Mosul and surrounding areas were endemic with these parasites.


Typical cases of liver cirrhosis were rocognized in cattle and loss in sheep. Mixed infection of mentioned parasites with liver abcesses were also recognized in cattle and sheep. Liver abcesses and hepatic necrosis were diagnosed more frequently in sheep than in cattle. A diffuse form of lesions was found in cattle while the focal form was encounterd in sheep. Congestion and degenerative changes like fatty livers were not seen in cattle but formed a respective percentage (1%) and (1.1%) in sheep. Other conditions were identified like icteric livers their percentages were low and closely related in both species of animals.