Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

1

Mixed ligand Complexes of Cobalt (II) and Nickel (II) with 2-{(E)-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)imino]methyl}phenol and Imidazolecompounds

Asia Hameed Abed, Amer S. Mahdi, Nawal Daamy Resan

Pages: 1-7 English

Abstract

The bi-dentate Schiff base 2-{(E)-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)imino]methyl}phenolderived from the reaction between salicylaldehyde and 3-aminophenol wassynthesised ligand. Mixed complexes of (HPIMP) Co(II) and Ni(II) with imidazole (IMD) were synthesised and characterized by spectral analysis (UV-Visible and IR techniques),molar conductivity, atomic absorptionandmagnetic susceptibility. The composition of cobalt (II) complex was confirmed to be Co(HPIMP)2(IMD)2, whilethe nickel(II) formacomplex with the structure of Ni(HPIMP)(IMD)2.Special attention was given to the influence of the ligand basicity and the hydrogen bonding on the coordination course. Thetautomeric structure of HPIMPwas also discussed in termsof its impact on coordination. The coordination surrounding the metal ion seems to emergeastwo different structures, the octahedral form in case of cobalt (II) and square planar in case of nickel (II)

Keywords

hydrogen bonding ligand basicity photochromism Schiff base thermochromism

2

Using of Some Inorganic Additives as Flame Retardants for Some Polymers; a ComparisonStudy

Jalil R. Ugal

Pages: 8-17 English

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Abstract

Five additives were used as flame retardantsfor epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins which are: Tetraethyl ammonium bromodichloro phenyl phosphonate,(C2H5)4N[PhPCl2Br] (I), Ammonium phosphate (II), Borax (III), Chlorinated paraffine (IV) and a mixture of additives (I+IV) in the mole ratio (1:1)(V) to study their synergetic effect. The compounds, tetraethyl ammonium bromodichloro phenyl antimonate(C2H5)4N[PhSbCl2Br]and tetraethyl ammonium chlorodibromo phenylantimonate(C2H5)4N[PhSbBr2Cl]were used as flame retardantsfor polyethylene (Low density and high density ) and polypropylene. These additives were used in different percentages(0-10%) and the samples of polymers were prepared in the dimensions of (3×130×130)mm. Three standard test methods (ASTM)were used to measure the limiting oxygen index (LOI), rate of burning (RB) and maximum height of flame (H). the results showed that all of these additives exhibit sufficient flame retardants and some percentage caused non burning of the polymers under study

Keywords

flame retardants norganic additives polymers

3

Effect of Antioxidant and Lipid Profile on the Coronary Heart Disease

Salman A. Ahmad, Raghda S. Al-Sayed

Pages: 18-23 English

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Abstract

Despite the declining coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rate, CHD remains a major cause of premature death. The present study connect the relationship between SOD (antioxidant enzyme),Lipid profile,Angina and Myocardial Infarction.To achieve this, collected 105 of patient with Angina and MI aged between (38-82)years, thenmeasurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in sera of patients with Angina and MI. The results indicated moderated significant decreases of SOD levels (p<0.05) in patient when compared with the control group. The degree inhibition of SOD enzyme with various concentration of cyanide,Hydrogen peroxide and diethyl dithiocarbamate,the results recorded that decrease more than 50% of SOD activity at 30 mM of cyanide ion, is measured, and achieve 50% of inhibition at 40 mM of both H2O2and DDC, this indicated that SOD enzyme more sensitive to the cyanide ion,measurement of lipid profile in sera of patients with Angina and MI. It was indicated highly significant increases of cholesterol and LDL-c levels (p<0.001), and moderated significant increases of triglycerides (p<0.05) whereas no significant decrease in HDL-c levels when compared with the control group

Keywords

antioxidant CHD: Coronary heart disease CuZn-SOD:Copper Zinc-Superoxide Dismutase DDC: Diethyl Dithiocarbamate HDL: High density lipoprotein Heart Disease.Abbreviation:A:Absorbance LDL: Low density lipoprotein Lipid profile MI: myocardial infarction N.S: Not significant N.S: Not significant ROS: Reactive oxygen species SD: Standard deviation SOD : Superoxide dismutase Superoxide Dismutase VS: Volume sample

4

Synthesis and Optical Properties Study of Some Metal Complexes of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)-Pyridine-4-Carbohydrazide

Mustafa S. Abdallh

Pages: 24-29 English

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Abstract

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) react with pyridine-4-carbohydrazide (L) in THF to form the PVC-L compound, whichhavebeen characterize by spectroscopic methods. PVC-L has further been reacted with different metals ions to form PVC-L-MIIcomplexes. The structuresof these complexes havebeen characterized by FTIR and UV-VIS. Spectrophotometry.The optical properties in the region from (200-900 nm) were studied using UV-VISspectrophotometer.The optical data analyzed and interpreted in term of the theory of phononassisted direct electronic transitions. According to energy gap data the conductivity of PVC and the complexes

Keywords

phonon PVC

5

New Polymeric Membrane Electrode for Clarithromycin Determination

Khaleda H. Al-Saidi, Hayder Q. Munshid

Pages: 30-36 English

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Abstract

New polymeric membrane electrodes has been developed for the determination of Clarithromycin. The electrodes were constructed by incorporating the Clarithromycin-tetraphenylborateion pair complex into a polyvinylchloride matrix plasticized by four plasticizers,Di-octyl phthalate (DOP); Di-butylphosphate (DBP); Acetophenone(AP); Di-butyl phthalate (DBPH). These electrodes give sub-Nernstian slopes (51.206, 53.930, 58.104and 58.484mV/decade) and linear ranges from (1×10-5-1×10-3, 1×10-5-1×10-3,5×10-5-1×10-3and 1×10-5-1×10-3M) respectively.The best electrode was based on DBPH plasticizer which gave a slope 58.484mV/decade, correlation coefficient 0.9961, detection limit of 9×10-6M, lifetime 20 dayanddisplayed good stability and reproducibility and used to determine the Clarithromycin in pharmaceutical samples. The interferences measurements werestudied using the separated method for selectivity coefficient determination. The pH and life time of the electrodes were also studied

Keywords

Clarithromycin Ion selective electrode (ISE) membrane electrodes Sodium tetraphenylborate

6

Spectroscopic and Thermodynamic Studies of Charge-Transfer Complexes Formation Between Cytosine, Uracil and Thymine With Electronic Accepters

Anwar T. M.Al-Thib, Nisreen K. M. Al-Alwi, Ali. S.Eliwe

Pages: 37-45 English

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Abstract

Charge-transfer complexes of 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyano-1, 4-benzo quinone (DDQ), 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrabromo-1, 4-benzoquinone (Bromanil) and iodine as electronic acceptors with cytosine, uracil and thymine as electronic donors were studies and their electronic spectra were recorded. In each case one charge–transfer (CT) band was observed and recorded. These spectroscopic investigation make in ethanol solvent at four different temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35°C). The values of equilibrium constant (KCT), molar extinction coefficient (εCT (, absorption band energy of charge –transfer complexes (hνCT) and the dissociation energy of the charge-transfer complexes excited state (W) were calculated and studied with discussed. The ionization potential of the donors (IP) were calculated and discussed from the charge–transfer complex band lowest energy. Thermodynamic parameters i. e. change in standard free energy (ΔG°), change in standard entropy (ΔS°) and change in standard enthalpy (ΔH°) for all these CT complexes were also calculated and discussed

7

Synthesis and Characterization on some Metal Ions of 2-(6-Methoxynaphthalen-2-Yl)Propanoate Complexes

Emad Yousif,, awad Shneine, Ahmed Ahmed, Husam Salman

Pages: 46-50 English

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Abstract

A total of five new metal complexes derivatives of 2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl) propanoate, HL with the metal ions (Cd(II), Zn(II), Sn(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)) have been successfully prepared in alcoholic medium. The complexes were characterized quantitatively and qualitatively by using micro elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. From the spectral measurements, monomer structures for the complexes were proposed, square planar geometrywas proposed for the copper complex. The other complexes were proposed to be tetrahedral

Keywords

identification metal complexes spectral measurements

8

Preparation of New HPLC Stationary Phase and Study of Its Chromatographic Performance Toward the Separation of Some Water-Soluble Vitamins

Saif S. Abdull-Sattar, Shahbaz A. Maki, Noor M. Ali

Pages: 51-59 English

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Abstract

A new stationary phase was prepared by the reaction of a crystal violet solution with silica gel. The capacity of the new prepared resin was calculated and the found average was 6.6meq./g. The resulted resin was highly rigid with high stability and used as stationary phase for HPLC column. Some water-soluble vitamin C, B2, B6, and B12were examined by this column with isocratic eluention distilled water and methanol (2:98, (v/v)) as a mobile phase with flow rate of 0.5 ml/min and UV detection of 230 nm.The chromatographic performance of the packed column was characterized. The number of plate numbers (N), height equivalent of a theoretical plates (H), capacity factors (K), selectivity factors (α), peaks asymmetry and Resolution (Rs) were measured by analyzing different analytes on the new columns using different mobile phase compositions and flow rates

9

Synthesis and Characterization of Some New 1,2,3-Triazole, Amic Acids, Imides, and Isoimides from Ethyl-p-aminobenzoate and -Study Their Biological Activity

Suaad M. H. Al-Majidi, Zahraa Sabah Saeed

Pages: 59-69 English

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Abstract

This research includes the synthesis new series of hetrocyclic compounds by three routes. The first route include synthesis of N-ethylbenzoate-1,2,3-triazole derives (3,4) by diazotation of ethyl-p-amino benzoate and treating the resulted salt (1) with sodium azid, then ethyl acetoacetate or acetyl acetone, respectively. The second route, ethyl-p-aminobenzoate was allowed to react with five of acid anhydrides (maleic, phthalic, cis-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro phthalic, succinic and glutaric) produced five novel esters contain amic acids (5-9), the third route include conversion these esters contain amic acids (5-9). The third route include conversation these esters amic acids (5-9) to different isoimides (10-14) and imide (15-19) respectively, through by two different methods. The first method treatment the amic acids (5-9) was dehydrated using strong dehydrating agents. N,N-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) or trifloroacetic anhydride-triethylamine, we obtained the isoimide (10-14). While the second method involved direct reaction of amic acids (5-9) with a mixture of acetic anhydride and anhydrous sodium acetate to give cyclic imide (15-19). The prepared compounds identified by spectral methods [FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR] and measurement some of its physical properties.Furthermore antibacterial activity of some the prepared new cyclic compounds were evaluated against three types of bacteria

Keywords

1 2 3-Triazole amic acid imide isoimide

10

Gas Chromatographic Separation of Isomeric Phenols by Schiff`s Base Liquid Crystalline Stationary Phases

Rana A. Hammza

Pages: 70-76 English

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Abstract

The chromatographic behaviour of liquid crystalline compounds 4-(propyloxybenzylidene)-4`-p-aminoazobenzene (1) and 4-(butyloxybenz--ylidene)-4`-p-aminoazobenzene (2) as stationary phases for the separation of cresol isomers was investigated. These isomers were analysed on 4-(propyloxybenzylidene)-4`-p-aminoazobenzene within a nematic range of 142-153° C with a temperature interval of 5° C. Better peak resolution was at a column temperature of 147° C. The analysis was repeated on a and 4-(butyloxybenzylidene)-4`-p-aminoazobenzene column at a nematic temperature of 176° C, which represented the end of the nematic range, and gave the optimum peak resolution. It was found that isomer better separation was obtained at 20% loading for both liquid crystal materials. Other columns of different liquid crystalline percentages (15% and 25%) were used. A chromatogram with unoverlapped peaks was only obtained in both cases at 20% column loading. The order of elution isomers under the applied chromatographic conditions is discussed. The separation of these isomers is also discussed on the basis of stereo chemical conformations

Keywords

Gas Chromatography Liquid Crystals Stationary phase

11

Synthesis of 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole and Some of its Derivatives

Mohammed R.Ahamed, Shetha F. Narren, Amal S. Sadiq

Pages: 77-83 English

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Abstract

The present work involved three steps:First step include synthesis of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole from reaction of o-phenylenediamine with carbon disulfide,in the second step: Alkylation of the 2-mercaptobenzimidazole with different alkylhalides oraryl to obtain thioether compounds. Third step:include oxidation of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole to disulfide, while oxidation of thioether compounds gave sulfone compounds by using hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agent for (1-2h) with stirring at room temperature.The 2-mercaptobenzimidazole was prepared in autoclave.Structure confirmation of all prepared compounds were proved using FT-IR and elemental analysis (C.H.N.S) besides melting points

Keywords

2-Mercaptobenzimidazole Alkylation oxidation

12

Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxic Activityof Some Pyrimidine Derivatives

Salman Ali Ahmed, Tamara Sami Naji, Farooq Ibrahem Mohammad

Pages: 84-92 English

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Abstract

Synthesis of some pyrimidine derivatives which plays an important role in the medicinal chemistry because it possesses promising cytotoxic activity. The synthesized compounds were characterized by UV-Visible and FT-IR spectral data. Some of the new compounds were evaluated for their potential cytotoxicity against two different human cancer cell lines HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) andMCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) in vitro, using Neutral Red and MTT assays. Thesynthesizedcompoundswere active against two cell linesunder study and a toxic effect was clear with asignificant difference at the level of probability (p<0.0001) and this effect was contrastedamong different concentrations for each synthesized compound

Keywords

Cytotoxic Activity Human cancer cell lines Pyrimidine derivatives

13

The Effect of Annealing on the Structural, Electrical and Optical Properties of CdTe Thin Films

Ahmed.S.Ahmed Al-Ali, Iftikhar.M.Ali, Raad.M.S.Al-Haddad

Pages: 93-98 English

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Abstract

CdTe Thin films were deposited by thermal evaporation onglass substratesundervacuum of 2×10-6mbar.The annealing has been done under vacuum 10-3mbar at (303,373,423,473)K annealingtemperature. The structure was investigated by XRD technique. It is found that the structure for all samples (as-deposited and annealed) is polycrystalline.The d.c. electrical conductivity was investigated andattributed totwo mechanisms. The activation energy Eaincreases from 0.13 to 0.55eV as annealing temperature increases from 303 to 473K. The a.c. conductivity reveals that the dependence of activation energy Ewon frequency is larger than that on temperature. Ewincreases from 0.11 to 0.18eV asannealing temperature increases from 303 to 473K.Optical studies showedthat optical energy gapincreases with increasing annealing temperaturefrom 1.4eV at 303K to 2.15eVat 473K

Keywords

CdTe thin films electrical and optical properties of CdTe thin films

14

X-ray Radiographic Study of Simulated Voids –like Defects in Al-Castings and Welded Joints in Steel

Mazin Mahrok, Thamir Juma, Farqad Saeed

Pages: 99-103 English

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Abstract

The detection and evaluation of imperfections in internal structures of castings and welded joints by x-ray radiography were studied. Optimum radiography conditions that improved the radiographic detection were attempted.Mathematical equations for radiography were used to calculate the size and depth of defects in castings were tested for validity to a wide range of parameters commonly used in radiography and for variable density and shape of the defects with respect to surrounding.Two kinds of samples are prepared. The first is aluminum casting through which two different sizes of a regular steel spheres are included and then radiographed from two opposite sides to estimate their dimensional information from the radiographs. The second sample is steel plates which are welded and then radiographed by x-rays. Imperfections such as incomplete root penetration, undercut and porosity were detected in the radiographs.

Keywords

castings imperfections welded joint X-ray radiography

15

MTF Estimation for IR Optical Systems

Ahmad K. Ahmad, Hassan H. Mohammed, Suha M. Khorsheed

Pages: 104-109 English

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Abstract

This paper deals with difficulty of estimating the modulation transfer function (MTF) of thermal IR(infrared) images, which almost content some of distortion. The distortion makes the features of the image to beembedded and cannot observe. This necessitates adopting a parameter work out through the frequency domain in order to appear the features needed to describe the image well. MTF is the most descriptive parameter used to evaluate both the contrast and resolution of the image, but it is characterized by its difficult estimation. The present work adopted two methods; spatial based method and frequency based method. The results of the two adopted methods were very similar. In order to ensure the correct results, the results of the two methods are compared with that extracted from Zemax software. The comparison shows great similarity in between, which indicates the correct path of the computation and accurate description of the proposed methods

Keywords

and MTF IR optics optical system design OTF

16

nvestigation of the Compression and Dielectric strength properties for Epoxy/Polyurethane Blends reinforced with glass fibers

Mohammed K. Jawad

Pages: 110-114 English

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Abstract

Compression and dielectric strength properties of EP/PU blends composites reinforced with two layers of random directionglass fibers have been investigated. Hand lay up method was used to prepare sheets of EP/PU blends composites with different weight percentage of PU(12.5%,25% and37.5%). Results show that the compression value increase with the increasing of the weightpercentage of PU in the blended matrix composite and became higher than for epoxy composite, while the resultsof the dielectric strength show that its values decrease with the increasing of the PU weightpercentage in the blended matrix composite

Keywords

composites dielectric property epoxy glass fiber Mechanical Properties Polyurethane

17

Theoretical Study of Optical Field Distribution of TeO2Modulator Diffraction

Hind Jassim Jawad

Pages: 115-118 English

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Abstract

In this paper, attention is focused on the analysis of themodulationtransfer function form and its dependence on the normalized distance along the crystal(ξ)and peak phase delay(α).The numerical calculations show thatthediffracted beam profile has very complicated waveform structure depending on both acoustic and optical parameters.

Keywords

Optical Field Distribution TeO2Modulator transfer function

18

Studying Some of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Al-SiC composites

ZehraaN.Abdul-Ameer

Pages: 119-123 English

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Abstract

n this research two groups of composites have been made :the first group has been sintered. For (1hour) the second group has been sintered for ( 2 hours)and they were heat treatedat 550oC.Mechanical properties such as wear rate ,impact strength from and thermal conductivity for different compositions of SIC% and they were tested .from the results one can see that increasing the SiC% composition increased the thermal conductivity to 150 W/mK for samples sintered (2hours) and 150 W/mK for (1hour)sintering while impact strength have the value of 9.8 J and 9.5 J for samples sintered for 1 and 2 hours respectively, decreasing in wear rate value with the increase of SiC composition to 1*exp(-8) rather than o.5 *exp(-8) gm/cm for 1 and 2 hours of sintering respectively

19

The Thermoelectric Properties of Vacuum Evaporated In0.8Se0.2 alloy Thin Film Nanostructure

Amar H. Jareeze

Pages: 124-128 English

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Abstract

In0.8Se0.2thin films were prepared on glass substrate by vacuum evaporation technique at a pressure of 10-5torr. The crystallinity of the thin film has been analyzed by X-ray diffraction, which show the formation of hexagonal system, Scanning Electron and Atomic Force microscopy examination indicates that the grain size have nearly spherical shape with diameters range from 100nm to 600nm.The thermoelectric properties of the films were determined over the thickness of 200nm Thermoelectric properties show a negative sign exhibiting n-type semiconducting nature of films. The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient were measured fromroom temperature up to about 423 K, the Seebeck coefficient increases with increasing temperature and the electrical conductivity decreases with increasing the temperature of the samplethe power factor coefficient increases with increasing temperature

Keywords

electrical conductivity In0.8Se0.2 thin films Seebeck coefficient Vacuum evaporation technique

20

Image Integration Based Ant Colony System for Multiband Satellite Image Classification

Laith Abdul Aziz Al-Ani

Pages: 129-139 English

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Abstract

The motivation we address in this paper is to find out a generic method used to classify conceptual satellite image taken in multiband imagery. Predefined training image with different imagery bands is considered to testthe proposed classification method. The Korhunen-Loeve (KL) transform is first employed to create newly integrated image with dense information and best contrast due to the information of all used bands are concentrated in one integral image. Then, the integrated image is partitioned into variable sized blocks using hybrid horizontal-vertical (HHV) partitioning method. The size of blocks is determined automatically according to the spectral uniformity measurements. Later, ant colony optimization (ACO) is used to find out the optimal number of classes that may exist in the image, and then classify the image in terms of the discovered classes. It was found that the obtained classification results by ACO are in a good agreement with the actual training data, which ensure the success of the proposed method and the effective performance of the classification

Keywords

ACO Image integration Satellite image classification

21

Effect of Molecular Mutagenesis on Alcohol Dehydrogenase Production by Pseudomonas fluorescensRB30

Noora A. Hadi, Majed H. Al-Gelawi, Ghazi M. Aziz

Pages: 140-144 English

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Abstract

Alcohol dehydrogenases are group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketons with the reduction of NAD+to NADH. Locally isolated Pseudomonas fluorescensRB30 was selected depending on its efficiency in producing of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme. Its specific activity was 13.6 U/mg proteins after extraction by using lysozyme. As an attempt to improve ADH production, Pseudomonas fluorescensRB30 was subjected to molecular mutagenesis following conjugation with E.coliPULB113, Tetrand Kmr harboring the conjugative plasmid RP4 that carried Mini-Mu transposon,and two mutants were due to their high activitieswere resulted(0.82 U/ml and 0.79 U/ml respectively)

Keywords

alcohol dehydrogenase molecular mutagenesis Pseudomonas

22

Correlation between Levels of Serum Prolactin and Total Sialic Acids Concentrationsin Fertile and Infertile Women

Iqbal Naji Tawfiq

Pages: 145-150 English

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Abstract

The aim of thisstudywas investigating the correlation between elevation of Prolactin levels and the increase of the concentrations of total sialic acids. The study was performed on 149 women consisted of 93 infertile hyperprolactinimic women (patients), age ranged16-38 years old, and 56 normoprolactinemic women as a control group, 18-37 years old. Serum prolactin (PRL) and gonadotroph hormones (Follicle stimulating hormone FSH and Luteinizing hormone LH) were measured using enzymatic immunoassay (EIA) method, resorcinol method for serum total sialic acids (SIA). Patients were divided into four groups, each group represented the level of prolactin of infertile women as follow: G1= (21-30), G2= (31-40), G3= (41-50), and G4= (51-60) ng/mL. Serum PRL levels in the patients groups were significantly(P≤0.05) elevated compared to the normal women. Serum SIA, FSH and LH levels showed no significant differences (P≤0.05) in the groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 when compared to healthy women (control). There was no correlation between serum prolactin hormone levels and SIA levels in the control and patients women. In conclusion there was an elevation in PRL levels, not combined with elevation in SIA, FSH, and LH levels. There was no correlation between elevation of PRL levels and total sialic acids concentrations in control and patients women. Thus, sialic acid has no correlation with the fertility or infertility in the women

Keywords

FSH LH prolactin Sialic acid level

23

Histological Effects of Excessive Consumption of Zingeber officinaleon Liver and Spleen of the Mice

Nusaibah Amer, Marwa H. Khuder, SilvaA. Yacoub, Noor N. Baker

Pages: 151-156 English

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Abstract

Ginger (Zingeber officinale) is a natural dietary component with antioxidant and anti-inflammation. In the present study, the influence of ginger ethanolextract on liver and spleen of mice was investigated. The animals were divided in to four groups then treated with different concentrations of ginger extract (0, 50, 75,100 mg/ kg) for 10 days, and then the animals scarified to evaluate histological change on liver andspleen.Results showed that liver section of mice treated with (50 mg/kg)of extract exhibited noclear pathological lesion with the presence ofmoderate of kuppfer cell. While the sectional liver treated with(75 mg/kg)of extractshoweddouble nuclei and proliferation of cells. Aggregation of mononuclear cells mainly macrophage andlymphocyte in liver parenchyma was observed in liver section of mice treated with (100 mg/kg) of extract. Spleen section of mice treated with (50 mg/kg)of extractshowed hyperplasia of red pulp with proliferation with mononuclear cell around sinusoid form cord like structure. While, the sectional spleen treated with (75 mg/kg)of extract showedmoderate hyperplasia ofwhite pulp. Moderate peri-arterial hyper plasma and aggregate of lymphocyte and mononuclear cells in red pulp was notes in spleen section of mice treated with(100mg/kg)of extract

Keywords

Ethanol extract Ginger liver Mice spleen

24

Detection and Evaluation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusby Duplex PCR

Noor H. Kareem

Pages: 157-162 English

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Abstract

Staphylococcusaureusis avirulence pathogenic bacterium.Detection of methicillin-resistant S. aureus(MRSA) using conventional culture and biochemical methods is labor and timeconsuming. Many MRSA isolates are heterogeneously resistant to ß-lactams, for example only 1 daughter cell out of 104to 106cells appears phenotypically resistant when routine antimicrobial susceptibility tests are performed. In this work two genes were used for detection of MRSA in urine, boil and nasal swabs using conventional PCR, mecAgene (533bp) were used for detection of methicillin resistant and femAgene (318bp) were used for S.aureusidentification. It was found that not all resistant S. aureustested with disk diffusion method carry the mecAgene that caused the resistant phenomena there were only 55% of all MRSA carrying mecAgene while femAgene gave 100% positive for S. aureusand this will lead us to appoint that penicillin-bindingprotein 2a (PBP2a)produced by mecA gene is not the only cause of resistant phenomena

25

Antibacterial activity of ZygophllumfabagoL.Leaves extracts

NihadT.Mohammed, Lua,lua,aS.Zeki, Isra,aA.Majeed

Pages: 163-166 English

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Abstract

The present research consist of qualitative chemical analysis for both aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Zygophyllumfabagoleaves which showed that theglycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpens and steroids were found in both extracts, while saponines and phenolic compounds were found in alcoholic extract only, and both extracts contain no tannins.The other part of research was the determination of the antimicrobial activity of these extracts against eight species of pathogenic bacteria (Esherichia coli, Klebsilla Pneumonia, Proteus volgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella Sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus Pyogens, Staphyllococcusaureus) with six different concentration began with 40 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml by using agar well diffusion method which showed that alcoholic extracts more effective than aqueous ones and that both Staphyllococcousaureusand Escherishia coli were the most affected species

Keywords

Active compounds Antmicrobial activity Chemical analysis ZygophllufabagoL.

26

Detection of Exotoxin A gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Clinical and Environmental samples

Wathiq Abbas Al-Daraghi, Zaid Husamuldeen Abdullah

Pages: 167-172 English

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Abstract

PCR was used to detect Pseudomonas aeruginosafrom clinical and environmental samples by amplifying a 396-bp region of the exotoxin A (ETA) structural gene sequence. Specific primer amplified ETA –positive P. aeruginosaDNA, whereas other species of Pseudomonasand GC-rich bacteria did not yield any 396-bp fragment. The specificity of the assay was 1% (justone isolate from 100 isolates used in this study(,this gene is not present in these isolates which means that these isolates do not have the ability to produce the Exo A toxin. With this PCR method, ETA –positive P. aeruginosa was detected only in one water sample in comparison with the use of the 16SrDNA gene which yielded 100% positive results of all tested isolates. This PCR method is rapid and more accurate than other diagnostic methods for the identification of P. aeruginosastrains, and it can be used to detect a low level of P. aeruginosafrom different samples without using a selective medium or additional biochemical tests

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Investigation Biosorption Potential of Copper and Lead from Industrial Waste-Water Using Orange and Lemon Peels

Z.A. Husoon, M.N.A. Al-Azzawi, S.A.K. Al-Hiyaly

Pages: 173-179 English

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Abstract

Much attention has been made towards adsorbent materials to be used in heavy metal removal from polluted water and various techniques are applied such as chemical, physical and biological techniques. This study was designed for using less expensive and much frequently available materials (orange & lemon peels) to remove copper and lead from industrial waste-water. Three forms of these peels (fresh dried small pieces and powder) were used. Also other factors such as pH and temperature were examined for probable effects on biosorption. Current data show that both orange and lemon peels are capable of removing copper and lead ions at significant capacity. Furthermore, lemon peels had higher capability than orange peels and the form of peel powder of both orange and lemon showed higher capacity than fresh and dried pieces where lemon powder has shown biosorption capacity of 72.5% and 71.3% for lead and copper respectively while orange powder hadbioremoval percentage of 56.7% of lead and 34.5% for copper. In case of fresh lemon peels, these figures were 70.9% for lead and 62.2% for copper but fresh orange peels gave much less percentage (48.7of lead and 29.6% of copper). Regarding dried peels which showed the lowest values, but again, lemon peels were significantly better than those of orange. These values of lemon were 58.0% for lead and 57.1% for copper but for orange peels, the biosorption percentages reached 37.2% and 23.7% for lead and copperrespectively. However, biosorption capacity of both fruit peels at different forms were significantly affected by various levels of both pH and temperature. The optimum pH and temperature values for better bioremoval capacity for all treatment within thisstudy were 5 and 40 C° for pH and temperature respectively. Based on above, current data found that lemon peels are more efficient than the orange peels as biosorbents materials

Keywords

Biosorption Copper industrial wastewater lead orange and lemon peels

28

Effect of Magnetic Field Energy on Growth of Aspergillus flavusand Aflatoxins production

Aiman M. Ahmad, Abdul Ghani I. Yahya, Abdul Wahid Sh. Jabir

Pages: 180-187 English

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Abstract

The study was conducted to determine the impact of the magnetic field poles on aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus. The subjected fungus to the northern pole, southern pole, both poles and their influences were compared with the control at which the fungus was not affectedby magnetic field energy. Aspergillus flavuswas influenced by magnetic field energy which applied through a magnet at different forces (5, 7,10,30,50 Gauss) for seven days at temperature of 27 oC. There are no different between the uses of magnate with 5 or 50 Gauss. The effect of magnetic field poles was observed on the growth ofAspergillus flavuson solid and liquid media. The southern pole had a positive effect on the growth of Aspergillus flavusby increasing the diameter of the colony or the turbidity of growth medium, while the northern pole had anegative influence on the growth of A. flavus, diameter or the turbidity, while the treatment of northern and southern poles together and the control treatment are equal. The most important conclusion that havebeen observed was the effect of magnetic field poles on the concentration of total aflatoxin produced by A. flavus, which was 454.73ppb (when treated with southern pole) and 25.40ppb (when treated with northern pole) while the control212.46ppb and both poles 88.33ppb by using ELISAtechnique

Keywords

Aflatoxin Aspergillus flavus ELISA Gauss Magnetic field

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Antibacterial Activity of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)SeedExtracts Against Some Pathogenic Bacteria

Kadhim M.Ibrahim, Rana K.Naem, Amaal S.Abd-Sahib

Pages: 188-192 English

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Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of water, ethanol and acetoneMyristica fragransseed extracttested against four bacteria species; two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus)and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli andPseudomonas aeruginosa). The susceptibility of these different bacterial species toward the extracts of this plants seed was compared with each other and between crust and bulb and with selected antibiotic (cipropholexin) used as positive control. Results showed that ethanol andacetone extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against gram positive bacterial species only, the diameter of inhibition zone reached 25mm against Staph. aureusby crust extract. Crust extract showed antibacterial activity more than the pulp extract. It is concluded that this plant can be indispensible source for secondary metabolites

Keywords

Antibacterial Activity Mysritica frangrans Plant extract

30

Numerical Solution of aUniform Beam Problem Usingg-spline-Based Differential Quadrature Method

Osama H. Mohammed, Fadhel S.Fadhel, Mustafa A. Saeed

Pages: 193-201 English

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Abstract

The differential quadrature method with Chebyshev Gauss Lobatto sampling points is introduced for the modeling of vibration of a uniform beam. The g-spline interpolation function is utilized to obtain the explicit formula of the weighting coefficients for approximation of derivatives. Numerical example is presented to demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed method

Keywords

Differential Quadrature method g-spline interpolation formula

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Asymptotic Properties of the most Generalized Optimal Stochastic Approximation Procedures

Ali H. Kashmar

Pages: 202-209 English

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Fuzzy Based Pseudo Random Number Generator used for Wireless Networks

Sattar B. Sadkhan, Sawsan K. Thamer, Najwan A. Hassan

Pages: 210-216 English

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Abstract

In this paper an adaptive fuzzy system is proposed, it generates the frequency hopping sequence for a spread spectrum communication system. The system learns rules from data and acts as Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG) .Thirty sample patterns are the input to Fuzzy PRNG, while the bandwidth is partitioned into number of frequency bins. Each bin used triangular membership function to analyze the input to fuzzy sets, encoding these as fuzzyrules. The input vector matches if-part of a fuzzy rule and fires that rule’s output fuzzy set. The fuzzy system tested with 100 and 1025 frequencies and compared it with three other types of PRNG, the fuzzy system had lower values and thus gives a more uniform spread than did the other methods. The fuzzy system was easier to change and harder to intercept

Keywords

defuzzifaction fuzzifaction inference rules pseudo random number generator

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