Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

Physicochemical and instrumental characterizationof rubber (Hevea brasiliensis(kunth. Muell.)) seed oil (RSO) werecarried out for the purpose of quality assessment, identification, and authentication. Properties such as free fatty acid (FFA %), acid value, color, saponification value, iodine value, and unsaponifiable matter were determined. Fatty acid (FA) composition and TAG profiles were determined using gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. Structural features of RSO were also determined using FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The natural form of RSO is highly acidic (acid value=17.43±0.06 mg KOH/g). The saturated FAsare palmitic (9.10±0.06) and stearic (12.63±0.01), and the main unsaturated FAsare oleic(25.31±0.13), linoleic (36.31±0.09), and linolenic (15.78±0.18). The oil can be classified as semidrying. Polyunsaturated TAGs of LnLnL and LnOO were the major TAGs found in RSO. FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis confirmed that RSO is composed mainly of TAG of saturated and unsaturated FA

Asynthesis of four pyridinium perchlorate compoundshave been prepared from reaction one mole pyrylium salt (product already) with one mole cysteinein room temp. and diagnosed spectrally (FT-IR., 1H-NMR) in addition to the accurate quantitative elemental analysis.Asynthesis of sixteen Thiopyranpyridinium perchlorate compounds from reaction one mole from pyridinium compounds produced with one mole pyrylium salt (product already) under zero temp. very good yields that were diagnosed spectrally (FT-IR., 1H-NMR) in addition to the accurate quantitative elemental analysis

Five hundred samples of stool were colleted from patients with diarrhea (infants and children under ten years of age) admitted to the Pediatric and Maternity Hospital in Erbil City from March 2007 to September 2007. The samples were cultured on different culture media and according to the colony morphology, biochemical reactions and by the use of API 20E system, 35 (7%) E.coliI, 8 (1.6%) E.coli II, 17 (3.4%) E.coli III, 22 (4.4%) E.coli IV, 8 (1.6%) Shigella dysenteriae, 16 (3.2%) Salmonella arizonae, 12 (2.4%) Salmonella typhiand 6 (1.2%) Vibrio cholerae. In addition, cases of Entamoeba histolytica 175 (35%), Giardia lamblia102 (20.4%) and Hymenolepis nana2 (2.4%) were identified. No infectious agents were found in 75 (15%) of the samples. 22 (4.4%) of the samples had mixed infections. The sensitivity of the bacterial isolates to different antibiotics was performed. There was a variation in the resistance of the isolates ranging from 2-100% whereas other isolates were sensitive. Most cases of diarrhea were in children less than 3 years of age and the males (64%) had more infection rates than the females (35.8%). Children from urban (77%) areas had higher infection rates than those coming from rural (23%) areas. Children who were bottle fed (31.4%) had higher infection rates than those who were breast fed (17.6%) or those withmixed feeding (16.6%)

Laboratory studies reported earlier, have been showed a very promising result in the selective removal of heavy toxic metals from aqueous solution by a commercially available super absorbent polymer (SAP). In this study one of these super absorbent hydrogels (Poly acrylic acid) beads was used to remove Pb (II)ion from aqueous solutions. The effect of time on adsorption was studied. Kinetic experiments showed that the rate of Pb (II) adsorption on the hydrogel bead was quite good. More than, 90% of the equilibrium adsorption capacity occurs within (10hr) and the adsorption equilibrium could be achieved within (24hr), with adsorption equilibrium capacity (113.40 mg/g). The adsorption kinetic fit well with a pseudo-first-order equation. The effect of the initial metal concentration on the removal percentage of Pb(ll) ion was studied. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm constants and correlation coefficients were calculated. The thermodynamic parameters G°, H°,S° and Hads were also calculated

Renal failure is a medical condition from which the kidneysfail to adequately filter toxins and waste products from the blood. Renal failure is described as a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate. Biochemically, renal failure istypically detected by an elevated serum creatininelevel. Problems frequently encountered in kidney malfunction include abnormal fluid levels in the body, deranged acid levels, abnormal levels of potassium, calcium, phosphate, and (in the longer term) anemiaas well as delayed healing in broken bones. Depending on the cause, hematuriaand proteinuriamay occur. Long-term kidney problems have significant repercussions on other diseases, such ascardiovascular disease. The present study aim to evaluate several biochemical markers in Patients with Kidney Diseases and effect of these parameters in development the disease.Laboratory investigations including Renal function tests (RFT), fasting blood glucose, S. calcium, total protein, Uric acid, S. potassium, S. Sodium, and (MDA) as lipid peroxidation biomarker,gonadal Harmony had been measured in male and female with renal failure. Blood samples were obtained from the patients and matching group of healthey volunteer subjects were consideved as control group who came to the Al-Yarmokhospital for health checkup. There were significant difference in fasting blood glucose, Serum urea ,creatinine, S. calcium, S.sodium, MDA and uric acid in the patients whene compared to control group. MDA showed significantly increased between men and women groups (P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between MDA [μ mol/L] with Potassium [mg/dl/] (r=0.63, p<0.091), and MDA with calcium [mg/dl/] (r=0.58, p<0.019), respectively in patients group while no correlation was found among control subjects. MDA may play a role in development the kidney disease so more study maybe need to stady MDA and another antioxdent to determine effect of them in the kidney disease

Some transition metal cations, Cr (III), Fe (III), Fe (II) and Ni (II), were soluble in the new alum/urea ionic liquid and found to coordinate to it with weak coordination bond. This was reflected by the change of strength of the electronic spectra of the cations or the nature of these spectra as with Fe (II) when it showed high spin and low spin with nitrite and thiocyanate ions. It was also observed that water molecules of the solid composition of ionic liquid were not free in ionic liquid particularly when metal cations electronic behavior were compared to those in aqueous solution. Basic species of ionic liquid were suggested to have weak ionic strength

In this work, Sour orange (SOR) peels waste was used as a solid adsorbent for removal of Cobalt (III) ions from aquatic ecosystem through batch techniques, the influence of biosorbent dose,initial concentration, temperature, contact time and pH on the Co (III) ions removal percentage were investigated. Optimum removal of Co(III) ions was achieved at biosorbent(2 gm),initial Co(III) ions (5 mg/l),temperature(30 Cº),contact time(90 min.) and pH(2). Desorption experiments were performed due to the importance for the financial competitiveness of biosorption with other process, indicating that (0.1 M) Ammonium chloride is the most promising desorbing agent for efficient sorbent regeneration. The adsorbent was characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy detecting the changes in hydroxyl and carboxyl groups before and after biosorption confirming their involvement in Co (III) ions binding. Various parts of SOR were selected for comparative studies on the Co (III)ionsremoval percentage indicating that SOR peels has the highest Co (III)ionsremoval percentage, followed by the other parts.Bioactivity inquires revealed that the SOR peels has a bioactivity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results of this study confirm that SOR peels waste can be used beneficially in treating aquatic ecosystem containing Co (III) ions

A new sensitive colorimetric method for determination of ascorbic acid tablet in aqueous solution. The method is based on the formation of colored azo dye by diazotization of 2, 4-dichloroaniline followed by azo-coupling reaction between the resulting product and ascorbic acid. The optimum conditions that gave maximum absorption of azo dye at535nm,with best concentration of reactant and order of addition were studied to get the highest sensitivity (ε=2315) L.mol-1.cm-1with awide range of calibration curves (2-70) μg/ml good repeatability (RSD% 0.68 and 1.49), the recovery (99.56 -100.30)%, Erel% (-0.20 and 0.44) were gave , Pharmaceutically prepared tablets were measured with the new technique using standard addition method given a very good recovery % (101.25 and 98.77) with a small Erel% (-1.25 and 1.23)

A new nitrogen sulphur Schiff base has been prepared from the condensation 1-(pyridin-4-yl)ethanone with 3-methylbenzyl hydrazinecarbodithioate leading the formation of new ligand 3-methylbenzyl (2Z)-2-[1-(pyridin-4-yl)ethylidene]hydrazine carbodithioate (PE3MBC). The ligand was reacted with Cd(II) and Zn(II) metal salts to form new coordinated complexes. The new ligand and its metal complexes were characterized via various physico-chemical and spectroscopic techniques and conductivity, magnetic susceptibility of metal complexes based on the data analysis the metal complexes are expected to be tetrahedral in geometry

Optical properties of PVC-Methyldopa composite, prepared by using casting technique, with different thickness films have been studied. Parameters such as transmittance, reflectance,energy band gap and absorption coefficientwere studied in the spectral rang (022-800) nm

Simple model is proposed to describe galvanic corrosion process. Computer program CORwas designedand written in visual basic languageto simulate the galvanic corrosion reaction thatproposedin themodel. Input datametals parameters (aluminum, copper,iron,and zinc) and the environmentparameters(pHand temperature)was used in the program designed CORand the results (The electrochemical parameters, corrosion rates, activation energies, and thermodynamic parameters)were calculated and discussed.Simulation computational results are compared withtheoretical andexperimental data,to ensure that the results of this model are corresponding to the results published in the literature.Both of which show the same characteristics of data distribution. The corrosion rates of iron were higher, followed by copper, zinc and finally aluminum83

Bonding between dissimilar materials such as alumina to metals by diffusion mechanism was investigated in this work. Foils of high purity metals (Silver, Copper, Zinc, Aluminum, Leadand Tin) have been prepared with 1mm thickness and area of 1cm x 1cm.The foils have then be placed between two alumina blocks of similar area and 0.5cm thickness as a sandwich panel. Bonding has been achieved by using a suitable fixing under pressure of0.3MPaand then heated to about 90% of the melting point temperature of each investigated metals for 2 hours as a socking time in an atmospheric condition. For evaluation the bonding strength of fabricated joints, tensile test technique was used for this purpose. Three categories of bonding strength were obtained but the upper value of joint strength obtained is 86.5x104Pa of the joint involved silver and tin metals. Obviously three types of fracture surfaces were obtained; fracture in alumina part, fracture in the interface region and fracture in metal part. Fracture surfaces were attempted by NDT (non destructive test) using optical microscope and x-ray techniques. Due to reduction of surface and bulk diffusivity an oxidation layers which covered the contact surfaces was found effected parameters caused to reduce the diffusivity and followed bonding strength of the fabricated joints.

Properties of Gaussian like orbital wave function and Slater like orbital wave function for Helium atom and Helium like ions was studied. This included energy, the radial distribution function, the shape of the wave function near the nucleus and the orbital exponent. For Gaussian the values of the orbital exponent and the constants varied using linear combination of four Gaussian functionsto approximate the radial component of atomic orbital, theobtainedresult is better than universal result

This paper presents the flexural properties and thermal conductivity of composites made from wood dust filler particles and epoxy resin. The flexural tests of composites, based on wood dust filler particles at different filler contents viz. (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10) Wt%, were carried out usingan Instronuniversal testing machine according to ASTM D790 and their results were presented. Experimental results showed that the flexural strength of the composites decreased with the increase of the filler particle content. Concerning the relation between the Young’s modulus and percentage of filler for flexural tests, it was found to be directly proportional at low concentrations of wood dust, at concentrations of 7 Wt% and 10 Wt% wood dust, the Young’s modules decreases with increasing wood dust, with values of (1.870) and (1.824) GPa respectively.Thermal tests were done using Lee’s disk to determine the coefficient of thermal conductivity. The results obtained showed that the increasing weight percentage of wood dust in the composite leads to decreasing the thermal conductivity

The current investigation was carried to study and determine the value of shore [D] hardness for different kinds of polymers [Epoxy [Ep], unsaturated polyester [UPE]and unplasticised PVC.After the preparation our samples Shore [D] hardness values were measured for the samples at 25ºC.Then the samples were immersed in water bath of two types of water [distilled and tap water] at different temperatures[40,50&60]ºC for different times [1,2,3&4] hour.Other samples immersed in cooled water at 10 ºC for the same previous periods forcomparing the obtained results from samples under test, it was found that the shore hardness value decreases after the immersion of samples in both types of water at 25 ºCfor [1,2,3&4]hours, the hardnessvalue decreasedafter immersing thesesamples in water bath athighertemperature as, while increases when the samples immersed in two types of water at 10 ºCat the same period.The obtained results showed that the rate of decreasing or increasing of hardness value depends on the period of the immersion andthe type of the solution used as well as the nature of water and it's temperature

Films of Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMMA) doped by (1%) Potassium Iodide (KI) have been prepared using casting method at room temperature. Optical properties were investigated for different thicknesses by using spectrophotometeric measurement of absorption reflection transmission in the wave length range (200-800) nm. Both the refractive index (n) and absorption coefficient ()were determined for the films. The optical dispersion parameters have been analyzed by single oscillator model. The value ofEoand Edwere found and the other parametershave been determined by Wemple-DiDomenico method

The ????????conductivity and dielectric permittivity of Polyester filledwith different volume fraction of woven roving fiber E-glass prepared by a casting method has been measured, over temperature (23–100)????????and frequency (40????????????−1????????????). It was observed that the ????????conductivity increases with increasing frequency and temperature, whereas the dielectric permittivity for all samples shows almost independent on frequency, it was increases with increasing temperature and fiberglass volume fraction. The calculated values of the electrical conductivity shows it was obeys power law ????????????in which the frequency exponent????is in the range of 0.84