AL-ADAB JOURNAL

The Andalusian poetry reveals, as a color of artistic creativity, the talent of the Andalusian poet and his extraordinary ability to employ and invest the elements of creativity. This talent had been utilized to serve the poet’s aesthetic goals and to achieve artistic proficiency in his poetry. As we saw, the most poetic evidence in the poetry of Idris Bin Al-Yaman had a great impact on the disclosure of many of the technical images and fragments that indicate the ability of the tools of his poetic art in the formulation of his literary works.

The artistic image is an active pillar of the literary works of art, and the first means that our poet used to draw the features of his creative experience and to crystallize what his imagination had dictated and formulated in a special rhetorical manner.

The current research constitutes a preface, which presents insights on the life of the poet Idris Bin Al-Yaman and his literary status besides two sections: The first section contains: the tributaries of the image in the poetry of Idris Bin Al-Yaman, and it comes in two parts: the first is about the inspiration of the heritage in his poetry; while the second part is about the inspiration of images inspired by nature and their impact on the self.

The second section is dedicated to monitor the images of creativity and its rhetorical formations. At the end, there is a conclusion and the main findings of the research, as well as, footnotes, a bibliography of references and finally, summary in English.

How was the ancient Arabic poetry dealing with events; reality and fiction, such as battles and facts, for example? And how does the old Arabic criticism deal with poetry that narrates incidents, reports (akhbar) or stories? Did he analyzes, valuates it, or just refer to it, or neglect it altogether? These questions are the main axes of the research in it is quest to reveal the authoritarian vision of the old Arab criticism and its main tendency in dealing with this type of poetry. After wading through the procedures, these axes led to a deductive question: Are we facing a lack of the ancient Arab poetic forms of the event, or a lack of the critical and rhetorical vision of these forms, their classification, analysis of their methods and methods? This is what the research concluded by answering.

The communicative media have occupied a large space in the humans thinking since the first stage of his/her consciousness of these media and their effects on the life . Although spoken language was the center of systematic attention and attracted a lot of linguistic efforts, unfortunately the other types of communicative media didn’t take a great deal of attention and on the top of these media is the sing language either natural or artificial on . The object of the study is to display the efforts on sing language when it is associated with spoken language . The main object of this study is to observe the ancient and modern scientific achievement which is limited to the balance between spoken and sign language and the results of these efforts because the detailed information that had been included between spoken and sign language represent the core that can be concluded of independent studies.

The rhetoric is an authentic art of the Arabs and an effective means of communicating ideas, expressing visions and influencing the communicator and making him convinced. The rhetoric has been associated with the pilgrims as their essence and the khateeb have an influential role in the success of the Hajj process and laying the foundations of the artificial construction of those who are addressing them. To achieve justice and enable the arguments and the credibility of evidence and enjoy the authority to qualify him to influence the hearts of the interviewers and knowledge of their levels have been available in these qualities in the personality of Ms. Zahra peace be upon her and the identity of Ms. Zainab peace be clear and clear and her speeches on TB The graphic performance embodied in the image formation was characterized by its high ability to produce the meaning of its energy. The image in the sermons was a pilgrimage of its various levels, as it was derived from the worlds of the recipients and their cultural

In this study, we discussed the effect of the context on the significance of the sources and derivatives in the Fadak sermon to achieve the meaningful meaning of this approach. The context has a great impact on the production of significance through the availability of verbal and moral evidence. The nature of the study required that it be organized into three pre-existing studies.

The second topic was devoted to the linguistic differences between the buildings of names, including the buildings of sources, the derivatives structures (the name of the actor and the name of the verb). The third topic dealt with the semantic diversity of morphological formulas. The context has an impact on the direction of the meaning of the morphological structure. In Arabic, these buildings did not exist arbitrarily, but there are advantages that we can perceive by employing them in context.

The study of the Japanese Emperor between the 1889 and 1946 constitutions is considered important, as the role of the Emperor has been significantly affected by these two constitutions. This effect is reflected in the Japanese History. This study shows the status of the emperor and his authority under the most notable two constitutions in the history of modern and current Japan. The 1889 Meiji constitution, was formulated and set up to strengthen the authority of the emperor and restore the actual stripped authority to him for more than a millennium. The 1946 constitution was made by allied and American forces, which occupied Japan after the latter lost the Second World War, after it became an imperialistic occupying nation, whose danger was extending on the regional and international fields. This study shows how the vast authorities of the Japanese Emperor were abolished and the Meiji constitution was revoked and replaced by the occupation constitution for 1946.

In the middle of the second millennium BC, the ancient Near East witnessed an economic, political and military struggle against ancient Syria (the Levant) among the existing empires, especially the Assyrian, Egyptian and the Atheist, to control the main trade route and economic and military domination. Their political system from tribal to property and even the demise of their kingdom in 583 BC. The cultural side of the religious faith of the gods and rituals, as well as the language of the Almabib and written records, which contained abundant information about them and their economic relations, Political and military relations with neighboring countries.

The study examined and compared some of the physical and chemical properties of the Marshlands (Chabaish, Abu Zark, Al-Sanaf, Al-Adel) in Dhi Qar Governorate (2017) , The indicators (nitrate ion, dissolved oxygen, phosphate ion) recorded values ​​within the limits allowed for environmental use for drinking, The acid function took the base side and recorded a value within the environmental determinants for irrigation, drinking and animal consumption together, While the index of electrical conductivity was higher than the limits allowed for use (drinking and irrigation together) , And a value higher than the environmentally permissible limits for drinking purposes of indicators (total soluble solids, Total ionization, calcium ion, magnesium ion, ion chlorides other than marsh al-Chabaish, sulfur ions other than Marsh Abu Zirk) , Water specifications when used for irrigation of marshes (Chabaish, Snaaf, Al-Adl) are included in category (C5), which are not suitable for irrigation, And in (C4) in Marsh (Abu Zirk), which is very saline water and is unsuitable for irrigation except for crops with high tolerance to salinity and the soil needs continuous continuous operations and care, The water of marshes (Abu Zirk) is in the category (very good) for animal consumption, and the value of the Marshlands (Chabaish, Alsnaf, Al-Adl) between the category (good, and allowed to use).

The objective of the study is to identify and analyze the characteristics of the morphometric and its impact on the formation of the geomorphic manifestations of the Kandaran Valley Basin in Sulaimaniyah Province, which consists of spatial (geometric), formalistic and topography characteristics as well as the drainage system, and to determine the effect of these characteristics in the nature of runoff, the relational relationship between the morphometric characteristics and the geological structure of the study area and the development of some morphometric characteristics, as well as the identification of the main river discharge patterns in the study area.

The determination of the direction of runoff and watershed relies on remote sensing and the systems of Geographic information using the tool for morphometric measurements (HEC- RAS), topographic maps, and digital terrestrial elevation model (DEM) to prepare a river network map (mattresses and river basins) and based on the (Strahler) classification. Six river mattresses were identified, and three main basins; they are (Kandaran, Qaziawa, Kwandole), and the spatial data, images, satellite imagery and imagery of satellites and radar images for the year 2017 were analyzed and used in the applied study, and the contour height lines, the gradient (slope) and the downward trend were extracted ( Aspect) as well as determining the form of the slope through the (curvature) and using these characteristics to determine the direction of runoff and determine the best places for water rafting in the study area.

Human geography is a link with other humanities, as these sciences give the spatial dimension that they lack, and the topics that are subject to geographical naming are numerous, but their detailed differences underline the fact that all the geographical scientists regardless of their specialties and interests are under 'an umbrella' of similar questions about different phenomena, whether natural or human.

The aim of the study is to identify a distinguished Iraqi person, a scientist and thinker of Iraq; Prof. Dr. Abdulrazaq Mohammed Al Butayhy, one of the leading professors in modern and contemporary geography, in a very modest contribution to the right of one of Iraq's creators and scholars, and the importance of the study is in familiarizing the academic community with his scientific personality and his active contribution to the establishment of the rules of contemporary geography and, in particular, the methodology of scientific research in general.

The study area is located north of the central part of Iraq. Some small cities lay within the area and Diyala River runs across it. It includes Himreen Lake in its middle part. The aims of this study was to develop and use applied approach for monitoring, detecting, analyzing and producing land use/cover change maps in Himreen and surrounding area during the period from 1984-2016, using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques, as valuable contribution with high accuracy to planning and management in many fields of developments in the study area.

Remote sensing techniques are used to produce Land Use/Cover (LULC) map for the study area using Landsat-8 satellite (ETM) images acquired in 2013. These images have the best compatibility properties for this purpose than other images attained in different dates, using USGS classification developed procedure. (LULC) map is produced depending on the maximum Likelihood supervised classification (ML) of (ETM) images with assessment accuracy of (97.44%) and (0.9707) kappa coefficient. In other hand, the change detection of water class in Himreen Lake has depended on the vector map of Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) of six scenes Landsat satellite series (ETM) images for the periods (1984, 1992, 2002, 2006, 2013, and 2016). The (LULC) raster and water index image are converted to vector structure, using ArcGIS v.10 software in order to create a digital (LULC) map.

Three main classes of (LULC) are recognized in the mapped area. Those are Barren Land class (Code 7), the Barren Land Class is divided into four subclasses, which are Sandstone, Claystone, Mixed Exposed Land, and Bare soil. Agricultural Land class (Code 2), the Agricultural Land class is divided into two subclasses, which are Harvested Land and Idle Land. and Water class (Code 5), the Water class is represented by Himreen Lake. The mapped area revealed that the Barren Land Class covers the largest area, the Agricultural Land class and the Water class cover the smaller and smallest areas respectively. The Agricultural Land is represented in the eastern part of the mapped area in which the flood plain extends.

Change detection of water in Himreen Lake is represented by increase and decrease periods. Three increase periods during years (1984-1992, 2002-2006, and 2013-2016) and two decrease periods during years (1992-2002, and 2006-2013) are detected. It is noticed that the decrease of water is referred to many reasons such as, shortage in rainfall, decrease in Diyala River flow release from upstream country, as well as the random irrigation acts in the study area.

This study aims to identify the level of health awareness among Emirati family by identifying the most important health problems suffered by the UAE society and the extent of people's interest in folk medicine as well as the role of cultural and social patterns in increased health problems. This study also aims to investigate the social responsibility to the citizens about their care for their health and their sense of responsibility towards it and learn about the dietary habits and lack of exercise.

The term "ideology", which is no more than 200 years old, has preoccupied a large number of researchers and thinkers in various fields of human and social sciences. Although this concept is widely used, there is no consensus on its definition. It is no exaggeration to say that "ideology" is one of the most controversial and least well-defined concepts. Indeed, "ideology", as a social and historical construct, has become a cultural product par excellence, with multiple functions and uses according to the multiplicity of goals and different ideological interests.

This paper endeavours to disambiguate the concept of "ideology", by revealing the various meanings that have been accrued to it in Western thought, and by identifying the most prominent points of transformation and modification that it has been subjected to through its historical course. In order to achieve this endeavour, the research has been divided into seven modules. Each module presents one of the definitions of ideology, accompanied with intellectual models that embody this diversity of views and multiplicity of meanings.



Keywords: ideology, Ideonomy, false consciousness, class conflict, political ideology, totalitarian ideology.

Search (opinions in politics ) it is research shows The views of Regis Debray Politician in political in political revolution, and utopian, and ideologia, and The impact of the media image on politics, and on The recipierts point of view of the politics.Debray was able to show us non indeprndence of policy because there is a relationship between politicas and religion he also assured us it separated from morality.encourage revolutions.but he will it peaceful.he wished global govermment

هدفت الدراسة الى :

قياس تعقيد الذات لدى المتأخرات عن الزواج.
قياس ادمان التسوق لدى المتأخرات عن الزواج.
التعرف عن طبيعة العلاقة الارتباطية بين تعقيدات الذات وادمان التسوق لدى المتأخرات عن الزواج.
ولتحقيق اهداف الدراسة، تبنى مقياس ام معين (2013) لقياس تعقيدات الذات، واستخرجت له الصدق والثبات الذي بلغ بطريق الفا–كرونباخ (0,73) وبأعاده الاختبار ( (0,68، وبناء مقياس ادمان التسوق تضمن (15) فقرة وجرى استخراج الصدق والثبات وبلغ بطريقه الفا- كرونباخ (0,75) وبإعادة الاختبار (0,66)، ومن ثم طبق المقياسين على عينه من الموظفات المتأخرات عن الزواج بلغت 200 موظفه، اشارت الدراسة الى وجود تعقيد ذات واطئ لدى افراد العينة وان نسبة اللواتي لديهن ادمان التسوق كان بنسبة 22% منهن، وان هناك علاقة ارتباطية سلبية بين تعقيد الذات وادمان التسوق.

The family plays an essential role in the behavior of individuals in a way that is both normal and abnormal. The behavioral models provided to their children are the first social institution that nurtures, protects and satisfies the child's biological and psychological needs, which help him to move from his biological state to his social status, so that he can rely on himself in his affairs. Private and public and able to conform to the demands and values ​​of society. The family is an essential necessity for the survival of the human race and the continuation of social existence. The family has been and remains the most powerful social institution that affects all material and moral gains of man. The school is a social institution which is no less important than the family. The goals are one and the roles are complementary. Which each institution seeks to form and normalize in a way that creates a good citizen. Both the school and the family have a complementary role. The relationship between the family and the school must be based on the principles of cooperation, communication, mutual interaction and effective partnership. And the means and means to activate this relationship at the level of application and practice, and remains the school is to take the first step towards this openness and must work hard to make the family join and share the concerns of work, and must be open to the rest of the components of the ocean by activating all Legislative and legal measures that enable it to achieve this openness.

Language games are among the combinations and concepts that share many similarities with linguistics, linguistics, literature, grammar, psychology, philosophy and sociology.

Wittgenstein was the first to seriously play his linguistic games and functions. In his view, he emphasized the philosophical and linguistic aspects and focused on the functioning of language in people's lives. Wittgenstein considered language use by people to function as a benchmark of language.

Language games in literature are assigned to the use of vocabulary, phrases and sentences in the language applications of individuals. These include repetitions, linguistic constructs, grammatical functions, use of vocabularies, interactive applications and the use of broken languages, linguistic imaging, the presentation and attribution of attributes and attributes, types of aggregation, the construction of derivative vocabulary, and the use of short and long sentences.

In this study, the author will examine the language games in the novels of the piano's cafe from the perspective of literature and components discussed.

The examination and grammatical study of the texts of classical prose and order, is very important in recognizing these works. So far, various scholars have examined the classical text with a grammatical view. In this article, the author examined the story of Siavash, Rostam and Sohrab, by focusing on the order of elements and components of the sentence. The results of the research show that the frequency of sentences with disorder in the disorganization of the word, is high in Shahnameh.

The most important rhetorical and linguistic features of Shahnameh can be found in word-formation, linguistic patterns, vocabulary combinations and verb attributes.

In this part of the article, we extracted a group of sentences. First, we achieved a general category. In this category, we divided the sentences into two sections; ordered sentences and uneasy sentences. In ordered sentences, the elements and components of the word are arranged in the usual and conventional order, and in uneasy sentences, the sentences which are disordered are listed. In addition, the ordered sentences are sorted into two categories; ordered type 1 and ordered type 2. In the ordered sentences type 1, the sentences are made based on the pattern “subject + verb conjugation + verb”, and the word pattern in ordered sentences type 2, is “verb conjugation + subject + verb”.

One of the most important features of these sentences is the verb precedence in the sentence. This application is done with different purposes. One of the most important purposes is the observation of the rules of word rhythm and tone. The next option, which is another reason for the approach, is the emphasis on actions.

Increasing the precedence in verb and the high frequency of this type of sentences’ application in Shahnameh, indicates the importance and emphasis of actions in Shahnameh. Since Shahnameh is a pragmatic text, action and verb play an important role in it. Also, the presence of the verb at the beginning of the sentence, is the emphasize on the importance of the verb and the action of the persons in the story.

The results showed that the ordered sentences type 1, 35 cases, ordered sentences type 2, 18 cases, and uneasy sentences has 62 cases abundance.

These statistics show that the frequency of uneasy sentences or in the other words, sentences without respect for the order of word components, is high. This application, in addition to observing the rhythm and tune of the word, goes back to the purpose and mission of the word and the epic tune. The importance of actions and emphasis on verbs, is another achievement of Shahnameh to this type of applications.

The Jewish writer Gershon Shofman, born in Russia in 1880 and he died in Palestine in 1972, has ridiculed most of his literary productions, especially his stories, to show the role of man in his society and the suffering of the conflict and the difficulties of life.

Shofman also shed light on the role of man in the building of the nation. In this context, Schofman used the meaning of the homeland, the homeland of the intended Jews, where he sometimes spoke directly and indirectly indirectly. The aim of all this is to encourage Jews, especially Eastern European Jews, to immigrate to their homeland.

In most of his stories, Shofman focused on the events that took place in the Jews since the 1905 events in Russia and the failed revolution there, as well as the events of the First and Second World Wars, the war between Jews and Arabs and the establishment of the State of Israel.

Shofman also discussed the subject of the escape of man from his homeland, especially the Jewish man and his transfer from one country to another in vain. The result was his migration to the Promised land.

When Romanticism had passed since its appearance at the end of the eighteenth century, it seemed that this important intellectual and philosophical development had been absent but not really lost. Romanticism remained in the poems of poets, philosophers and writers even after they had escaped cultural life in general. If it is difficult to itemize all the principles of romance, the apparent is the assertion of individualism and the love of autism with nature and its potential with its mysteries as well as the glorification of emotion, compared to the mental orientation of the writers in the seventeenth century in their classical approach. The language is the most important to what the Romans have proven in their poetry and their artistic works, from Wordsworth to the great romantic philosophers, in addition to the philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the philosophy of romance, a paradox that illustrates the dimensions of this great phenomenon in international thought. With the advent of new media, and the accelerating development of its technologies, romance is returning again, but with different visions imposed by the generation and its logic. If romance is the philosophy of personality and self-love, social media sites have touched this and come close to it. Actually, if the romantic writers sanctify nature with its trees, mountains and plains, they stand in front of small screens where nature does not appear and it is silent with no trees and sounds, and harmony. However, the features of romanticism were found in new media and according to a vision that says: "The curriculum renews itself, and the ideas can come back, but the romanticism today has more than meaning and reference, and its investigation in media research can be a reason to renew our knowledge and criticism

The newsletters issue has raised interest of academic and public levels, especially in the light of internal and external accelerating developments, because of the magnitude events on one hand, and their importance on the other hand. This situation has increased the importance of news bulletins and made them in the center of focus attention and public follow-up. In large so the TV station had given more attention of the newsletters by continuous developing its contents and presenting the style. The activing of radio need's news production achievement in new style and changing values of production ​​in the record time. satellite channels did their best to improve the contents of publications in the level of (information, opinion, analysis) on one side, on the other sie they try achieve to scoop broadcast in rapid. On the format level, they tried to employ modern technologies continuously to increase public's dazzling and attractions.

In spile of the many details that affect the efficiency of news bulletins and their distinction in terms of format and content, the news sources will remain one of the basic in achieving it, this factor mad great compete among channels to obtain sources which are "credible, strong attractive and spread to make media message more effective And in the recipient.

The texts parallel to the original text are of importance in being the thresholds for the entry of the original text, and add to the text how much information and knowledge, and if the studies came to look at the written texts, and in the approaches between the film text and other texts, we find the parallel texts of the film (poster, title, The first chapter, which contained the methodological framework of the research. The problem of the research was the following question: How can the parallel texts be good thresholds to enter the worlds of text? The aim of the research also included the disclosure of these parallel texts The second chapter / theoretical framework on two subjects was first titled (text and film text), which dealt with the concepts of text and film text and parallel texts, while the second section (parallel texts of the film text) came looking at the parallel texts of the film text. The third chapter included the research procedures. The fourth chapter came to practical application of the parallel texts. The research also included the results of the research

En este trabajo abordamos el lenguaje según la teoría de la lingüística cognitiva. Esta corriente supone una revolución debido a la tesis de que el lenguaje es producto de materia mental y en su formación actúan varios procesos cognitivos. Esto implica que la manera en la que percibimos la experiencia del exterior sea algo muy significativo en la formación del lenguaje y uno de los rasgos más importantes de nuestra percepción es que está determinada por nuestras características corporales. Además, esta corriente entiende el lenguaje basado en su uso, porque considera que el significado que genera cada sujeto es único debido a que todos tenemos un conocimiento del mundo y un contexto particulares.

Social communication, whether oral or written, contains the word and the enunciation at the same time. These two concepts constitute the interaction within the community where the latter is a unilateral act through which the speaker produces the word and directs it to the recipient, either alone or combination, in a specific condition.

These two concepts play an important role in narrating Robbe-Grillet’s novel (The jealousy). His narrative is a modern novel manner that presents us with scenes showing the life of a jealous husband over his wife by using metaphor. We feel his jealousy indirectly through the use of repetition in some scenes which revolve in an endless need with the use of the present time in most details of the novel.

In this research we try to address the questions related to the importance of using anchored word and the use of discontinued word about the situation of enunciation which was used by the narrator Robbe-Grillet in his novel (The jealousy).

We found that the narrator uses the anchored word to express the condition of speech exchange, but he, in the other hand, used the discontinued word to clarify the narrative leaps

The article describes the semantic flexibility inherent in the verbs of movement, which allows you to in detail and fully cover with lexical means the entire sphere of extra-linguistic reality related to the processes of movement. The variation of values resulting from the appearance of new differential features is represented; changes in the ratio of the semantic significance of various features of one lexico-semantic variant changes in the sphere of reality – an object that moves or is experiencing movement itself under the influence of extraneous forces; expansion of meaning that allows nominating other areas of reality; generalization of the meaning of verbs to the extent that it becomes universal, having lost connection with any particular type of movement, type of environment or method of movement; phraseological transfer of values. It is argued that these semantic phenomena cause a process of secondary nominations, the emergence of nominative-derived verbs.

In the research given to the example of the great Inquisitor's legend, the latest novel by the Great Russian writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, "The Brothers Karamazov" confirms the idea of ​​man's loss of utopian ideas in its own right, and the forced loss of human happiness to the utopian society.

The researcher compared this millennium to the great writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky in another recent production, the novel by the Russian writer Yevgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin "we" as the author confirms the idea of ​​the myth that concludes the novel " The Brothers Karamazov" all Russian anti-utopian works.

The article analyzes the structure-forming function and stylistic characteristics of the color naming of the thematic groups “Black” and “White” in M. Bulgakov’s novel "Master and Margarita". The subject of the research is the writer's idiolect. A multidimensional analysis of the vocabulary denoting color has been constructed: particular features of color names are considered, word-formation models are described, semantic transformations and symbolic meanings are also described, and the role of color terms in the novel's figurative system has been analyzed.

Cognitive stylistics is one discipline of applied linguistics that relies on the reader’s interpretation and inference of the meaning of the text depending on his background knowledge. It studies how the reader understands the text and mapping it with his real experiences (Jeffries and McIntyre,2010). The present study is a cognitive stylistic analysis of digital stories. Digital stories are short narratives made by a combination of different sorts of digital media such as pictures, audios and videos. These digital media are employed to tell stories about oneself, famous people, and important events. The analyzed stories are selected from “Daily Yahoo Stories” and are analyzed according to Lakoff (1993) approach,

The analysis investigates the use of figures of speech in this type of stories and how they are mapped with the reader’s perceptions. The results show that figures of speech like simile, personification and metaphor do exist in everyday language. Also the use of multimedia alongside with the use of figures of speech in digital stories play a great role in interpreting and understanding the text by the reader

In this research the poem of Anne Finch, Countess of Winchelsea, “A Nocturnal Reverie” will be analyzed from an ecological perspective. Ann Finch’s contribution to understanding nature will be examined within ecocritical viewpoint and how her vision of nature is reflected in the poem. This study attempts to prove that Anne Finch was highly aware of the importance of nature in humans’ life and believed that humans are responsible for both nature and humans' welfare. With her poem Anne Finch tried to convince man that nature is a beautiful and living community that should be respected in order to reach inner harmony and to make the world a better, freer and kinder place. In the poem Finch represents nature as a united society, every part and aspect of which has its feelings, wishes and goals. Finch finds in natural society freedom and equality, but this is possible only at night. The day is the time of the “tyrant-man”, that belongs to a superior world and man suppresses the call of nature in himself. Still the tyranny of human cannot suppress nature completely because of the following reasons: a) man is not an authority, b) man feels the need in nature, and thus nature is superior to him.

For centuries poets tend to utilize the past in their poetry, however their approaches are various. The Canadian icon and phenomenal poet and novelist Margaret Atwood's approach is unique as she revise while others simply retell past stories. She delves deeply into the rich past, reliving its stories whether it was taken from myths, history, or fairy tales, revising them to present a new version of the old stories, but this time from women's perspective. She invested heavily in the past to recreate something new, something that is going to make the present liveable and to fortify the future.

Her literary oeuvre is rich with revised poems. The poems usually tackle serious issues that affect the lives of women. She chooses the victimized muted misrepresented female protagonists, those who were silenced and subjugated by patriarch society, revising them and endows them with voices, awareness, power, free-will and autonomous identity. Reliving the past and recreating of the gendered prescribed roles is a means of survival that will help women to properly live the present and ensure a better future.

Fatherhood is a theme that recurs in literature. It motivated many poets, novelists, and dramatists. Whereas some of poets wrote elegies for their fathers, others wrote novels and plays in which absent fathers were the cause of the difficulties confronted by the characters in these literary works. In addition, there are plays and novels where fathers are an inspiring force guiding their offspring. Significantly, fathers whether absent or present do influence their children. Their influence may be positive as well as negative affecting the family in particular and the society in general.

In some of the novels, the father figure represents a moral guide, such as Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird (1960). In this novel, which won the Pulitzer Prize, a father of two children influences his son and daughter positively. Besides, he is an example to be followed by his children and his community. Conversely, in Charles Dickens’s Dombey and Son (1848), a father of two children negatively influences his daughter and his family.

The aim of this study is to investigate the familial ties in two novels and explore the role of fathers in constructing healthy children which will lead to a healthy texture of the society in general.

Discovering the attitudes of instructors and learners towards a textbook is an essential step for a proper evaluation of that book and the success of the teaching process. The current study was conducted especially for students of medical colleges in Baghdad to be a model and a path to apply to other medical schools. It is to figure out the views and attitudes of teachers and learners about the curriculum of the series, "New Headway Beginner Plus".

Two questionnaires and an interview have been made. The result of the study showed that the teachers and learners consider the textbook level is below the level of Iraqi medical students and it does not meet the students' needs in learning and their occupational future. In fact, all med-students came from secondary schools without ESP background by which they can use medical language in context to communicate and convey meaning considering the doctor-patient or doctor-student relationships. Instructors (Doctors) and students need medical terms with general language to cope with the science of morphology depending on Greek or Latin origins of words to form new medical terms. All kinds of learning medical English language terms are very useful in communication and their future careers