AL-ADAB JOURNAL

The farmer in Iraq in general and in the South in particular has been subjected to great injustice and obvious injustice, not even taking his position as a human being, which allowed the feudalism, which is stripped of all human values ​​and feelings, to bring it down to perpetual humiliation and torment.

Equity leads us to say: The attitude of the Iraqis was great according to all standards and at the forefront of the literature, as many of them addressed the injustice of feudalism and did not hesitate to name some of their names despite the feudal favor and the intensity of all the affairs of the country.

As for the poets, especially the poets of Najaf, they left us a wonderful poetic picture of the injustice of feudalism to the peasant because of the state of consciousness that prevailed in the Najafi society, and this activity was not limited to the poets of Najaf, but there is a large group of poets of Iraq took on the responsibility of the wolf On the rights of the vulnerable peasant and the anti-feudal feudalism.

The popular poetry also has a clear role, as it is not so, which is closer to reality and more appropriate to the feelings of people, especially that it is far from the complexity and in tune with the suffering of the peasants exposed to the cruelty of feudalism.

This study deals with examples of religious, literary and historical Intertextuality in Shihab Ghanem' Poems, this poet is one of the most prominent Emirati poets in the twentieth century. The importance of this subject is an analytical critical reading of one of his most famous works, "One Hundred Poems and a Poem", it has included many types of Intertextuality, and its impact was evident in the technical composition of his poetry. This study is based on an analytical descriptive approach, which starts from the text itself to reveal the structure of text, and then tries to reveal its Indications and Literary functions.

These two poets - Abu al-Tayyib al-Mutanabi and Abu al-Firas al-Hamdani - have aroused my curiosity since the time of study. If we talk about one of them, we look at our side for the other, for they are the most important poets of the fourth century AH, the two stars of Saif al-Dawla’s council, and the most famous opponents of the artistic and literary arena.
The strange thing is that many literary and critical studies neglected Abi Firas’s affairs, intentionally or without him, in order to focus on the other - al-Mutanabi - for explanation and detail.
I liked to go through the experience of studying them together, because of their culture and literature, as well as their distinction of hating one another. When I examined their diwan, I found that it was full of various poetic purposes, and each had its own say in it, in addition to the fact that they innovated in one purpose and were short in the other for one reason or less. It exceeded all the stable purposes on one purpose that unites them, due to the lack of research and its lack of understanding for the rest of the purposes.

This study examines the issue of paucity and multitude in the Holy Quran: a semantic analytical study. It deals with different patterns and multiple images to denote paucity and multitude in the Holy Quran. It addresses different cases of broken and sound plurals, singular and plural, masculine and feminine. The study reveals findings including that the word may have two types of broken plural; one of them is for paucity and the other one is for multitude. The meaning of paucity plural refers of the number ranging between three to ten; but if the number exceeds ten, it will be multitude plural. Paucity plural may refer to relative paucity. If the word has two plural forms, one of them is sound and the other is broken, then the sound will be for paucity and the broken plural will be for multitude. It is noteworthy that sound plural and paucity does not mean that the number should always be ranging between three to ten, as it could be so and could refer to that if the word has two plural forms one of them is sound and the other is broken; hence, the sound plural is less than the broken plural regardless of number. In addition, masculine may refer to paucity and feminine may refer to multitude.

This research deals with the phenomenon of cutting in the "Adjective and Inflection". There are texts in the Holy Quran and the speech of Arabs in which the adjective is not coincided or subscribed to the described thing. This out of the ordinary in use should be investigated.

In this research, I try to identify this important phenomenon in which the grammarians focused on the meaning to interpret it when the syntactic industry did not help them to find a logical explanation. Moreover, this phenomenon has now become one of the extinct uses and methods in spite of its rhetorical value.

This research is divided into three topics: the first of them deals with the "Rules of cutting in Adjective and inflection" and the second deals with the "The Significance of cutting in Adjective and Inflection" which is the important part in this study because it indicates the rhetorical value of this use. The third topic deals with the "applications of Cutting in Adjectives and Inflections" and I presented a wide range of clear texts in which the adjective and inflection are cut off, with the opinions of the grammarians

There is a real difference between a large segment of the population of recipients on the assessment of the literary text aesthetically evaluated, and this assessment stems from the intuition of the recipient and his sense of the aesthetic sense of the missing text, and the extent of interaction with the sense and the pulse and emotion, as well as the questioning of its devices and disassociated to identify the aesthetic touch in the text sought by The writer behind his totalitarianism, the dualism between the moral game of the Tory and its vocabulary stored in the subconscious area of ​​the innovative art of organization and consistency.

Our research, entitled "Social Safeguards for Workers in Iraq, between Heritage and Contemporaryity", dealt with a number of historical facts and incidents with a social and economic dimension that affected the heritage of the working class in modern Iraq, especially after the rural migration from the countryside to the city resulting in social and economic problems. Limited to the lack of social guarantees for both the worker and the farmer. Our research included three basic points in which we tried to read and follow up the development and development of the labor movement and focus on the material rights and interests of the workers, the realization of their social guarantees and their great importance in shaping the economic life in Iraq.

This research aims to discuss the phenomenon of variety which means that it's essential for the person to donate from his own conviction without any obligatory conditions in order to perform the humanism, and this research discovers the calling, cultural, scientific, political, social and economic sides which had been established by the woman during the first and second Abassynian reign so that great authorities had appeared in accordance with this case and contributed with her brother (the man) in making the effective basic for stability, prosperity and establishment of the first Islamic Arab civilization.

The city of Abadan is considered one of the important cities in the Arab Islamic state. It is located on village that is collected the Euphrates and Tigris rivers , rather than represented an important port during Abbasid era. In addition to Abadan city that had witnessed many of political events and wars , the economic activity illustrates the people works in the agricultural , industrial , and traditional fields.

When the man appeared in the northern part of Mesopotamia, since the Paleolithic period he lived in the caves, relying on food to collect food from plants, wild grasses and hunting the animals with primitive stone tools and tools, some of them for hunting and some for precision and some for scraping. The ax was used until the Stone Age (15000-10000 BC). After the improvement of the climate, this man began to migrate to the open areas and be the first population groupings at the site of Zawey Jamie, Mulfaat and Karim Shahr . Are seasonal and not permanent settlements.

The middle stone age is the first beginning of primitive agriculture due to the first population group. It also promised the first start of the production of the food after it was a collector of oil and also some of the animals. In this age, its machines and stone tools evolved. The tools of grinding, crushing, Neolithic (about 10000 BC) developed the idea of ​​mass settlement, which led to the emergence of the first villages of agricultural populations in northern Mesopotamia, such as Gramo, Hassouna and Tall AL-Sowan, Where agriculture and animals were condemned, and the emergence of these agricultural villages led to the development of the idea of ​​crop production It was developed over the years as the agricultural lands expanded with the expansion of the settlement villages since the fifth millennium BC, as this agriculture required the creation of new agricultural tools that meet the required purpose of Production and harvest of many agricultural crops, so agricultural machinery passed several stages of development contributed to the arrival of the summit of the development of agriculture and its success in those ages.

The agricultural machinery was of great importance in Mesopotamia, and this importance came through the religious character of some of these machines represented by the symbols of several gods, As the plow symbolizes the god Shamsh and the god of Nanorata, and the survey is a symbol of the god Shamsh, and the shovel symbolizes the god of Merodok, and the ax is a symbol of the god Add .

In this paper, we will examine agricultural machinery for its importance in the development of agriculture in Mesopotamia and include agricultural machinery used in irrigation and harvesting.

The research deals with a study of five cuneiform texts for unpublished loans from UrIII Dynasty (2012-2004B.C), its analysis and translation. They are from Iraq museum collection, dated back to Shusin (2037-2029B.C) and Ibisin's (2028-2004B.C) reign, their contents are loans of barely (three texts) and silver (two texts), they are of two kinds: interest - loans (ur5 - ra) and free - interest loans (má - nu - tuk), the interest ration in loans was determined £ 33% for barely and 20% for silver.

The rainfall in Iraq that dry Agriculture depend on it is divided into three regions: limited rainfall (350-200 mm), medium rainfall (500-350 mm) and rain content (500 mm and above). This paper focus on the changes in the boundaries of the dry Agriculture, and it was found through the research that these regions are not stationary, and it is very variable in area. In some seasons some of these regions disappear from the map of Iraq, It was also found that these three regions do not always appear together on Iraq, but sometimes only one or two regions appear . The protected rainfall region (500 mm and above) is subject to expansion in wet seasons to 35.5 ° latitude, while in the dry season it is vanishing and replaced by the region of moderate rain and limited rainfall regions.

The medium rainfall region (500-350 mm), whose geographical extension is in the semi-mountainous region, sometimes extends southward to the eastern sections of the alluvial plain near the mountain wall of Zacros. On the other hand the geographical extension of the dry agriculture is limited to rainfall (350-200 mm) is the Mesopotamia Plain, but it is sometimes expanded towards high latitudes, and perhaps the most prominent description of this region is the vast geographical area it occupies, it is a vast territory compared to the former two regions, it appears in all sections of Iraq Mountainous, semi-mountainous, plain and plateau

The Knowledge of oil in Iraq returns to thousands years, Indeed it was mentioned in the holy books and it was called (the eternal fire).The Babylonians may use it in the construction( buildings) as well as using t to align the walls . The ancient also used it in medicine and wars. Indeed , the population in Iraq as in Mendeli , Ghayara and Kirkuk used it by the old ways since the beginning of nineteenth Century. Thus the foreign companies came on often the other to search oil in Iraq after the other to search oil in Iraq after German delegation study for the geology of Iraq surface in 1871 .This company declared the existence of great quantity of oil in Iraq. Since that time , Iraq became the center of foreign companies competition for digging and producing oil. At that times many companies got privileges to invest oil especially Germany , British , Holland and U.S.A. The starting of the first world war effect on investing oil so that many companies would be established were ended by the beginning of oil nationalization in Iraq.

The geographic distribution of oil wells differs for quantity and quality between the north and south places according to the quality of rocks and geological structure for Iraqi surface.

The aim of this study is to use remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems to study and detect changes in the uses of urban land and green areas within the boundaries of the basic design and beyond the Nasiriyah civilization, based on the field study and basic designs prepared for the study area, as well as analysis and classification of satellite images taken by the moon Industrial Landsat (MSS) for the year 1970 and with (OLI) for the year 2016 for the purpose of monitoring changes in vegetation cover for the period 1970 to 2016. The production of digital maps to overcome urban land use on the common ground cover The classification of the city includes the category of barren land, agricultural land, urban land and marshes. The study showed that there were clear changes in the vegetation cover during the period from 1970 to 2016, which was the expansion of the type of urban land and the extension of its residential units at the expense of the agricultural land represented in the palm groves, which led to a decrease in area and especially after the events of 2003 It has resulted in a huge urban expansion at the expense of green areas. The total area of residential land during the year 2016 was (5631.2) hectares. Compared with (691.5)hectares in 1970 while the area of agricultural land decreased to (4866.9) hectares before it reached (6988.7) hectares in the area of (1511.9) hectares in 2016 of the total area of the city of Nasiriyah .

Regions differ and vary widely according the nature of environment and topography and the pattern of social and economic relations including desert regions which are characterized by special environmental characteristics besides its distinctive pattern of social relations. the pattern of desert regions which have hot and dry climate 70% from the total land of Iraq. Those regions, thus, suffer from the lack of adopting the pattern of regional planning and, also, the squander of the economic resources and the decadence of the social states. The economic development of any country depends on the extent of planning of investing and maintaining the natural resources to be employed in serving the environment and achieving the persistent and balanced development. In order to raise the population and environmental states of the desert regions, it is supposed to adopt special planning programs within the comprehensive and developmental planning programs of countries by not leaving any deserted areas like the weakness areas in order to ensure the natural extension of constructional development in the future. It is developed through the its available natural resources to consolidate the national economy by establishing human settlements which contribute to achieve settlement and avoid spatial isolation.

The current research idea was to determine the effect of the low-altitude cloud cover at a height of less than 2500 meters from the surface of the earth at normal temperature variations during the observations )00( and )1200( GMT and compare them with the temperature of the cloudless days. Repeat the nine low clouds and determine their temporal percentages during the period (1992-2002) and selectively select four climate monitoring stations distributed geographically in a manner covering all parts of Iraq.

Statistical model (The correlation of the Hirraceae ) was applied to emphasis this relationship, So It appeared that there’s a strong relationship between the effect of the cloud presence or not on temperature rates that connected between (Ar-Rutbah and Al-Basra) stations during the observation (00)GMT. While (Baghdad and Al-Basra) stations were connected during the observation (1200)GMT. While (summer and autumn) were connected by repetition of the same kind of clouds in them and enjoyed both (winter and spring) with a group of its own far from other seasons in each of day and night monitoring.

The present study aims to use the remote sensing data, GIS software, topographic and geological maps in the mapping process of the morphometric characteristics of Wadi Fuad basin. The study refers to the spatial characteristics, dimensions, morphological characteristics, surface characteristics, characteristics of the water drainage system, as well as the longitudinal, and natural factors.

These techniques revealed that the area of ​​the basin reached (259.22 km2), and its water goes to the Razzazah lake in the rainy season, and the basin divided into three secondary basins varied in their area according to the geomorphological factors and processes that contributed to its formation. The mathematical laws of the morphometric characteristics revealed that the basin is close to the rectangular shape. It is a very steep and zigzag triangle, and the valley passes through the beginning of maturity of its geomorphological stages. The total number of mattresses was six, including 1064 courses and a length of 731.07 km.

The study dealt with several topics, including: Muslim society extremism or moderation ?, and the Islamic text, standing on a set of texts and concepts that were manipulated by the hands of the situation and fraud, which constituted and continue to pose a threat to the structure of Muslim societies that have become and its value on love and human brotherhood Mushroom people on them. Such as the concepts of extremism and atonement founded by some of these texts aimed at presenting Muslims as advocates of evil and aggression and not accepting the other regardless of race and belonging. Therefore, the study tried to identify the trends of extremism and moderation and the texts of them, . The study adopted the analytical methodology based on the value anthropological approach, which deals with man according to his physical and spiritual existence, the two components which constitute his true and original identity..

The current study aims to offer an analytical reading of the reality in caring for people with disabilities. This was performed in as an attempt to identify possible contributions in enhancing the care of less able individuals within society. This study uses a proactive vision to highlight a possible paradigm to help individuals with disabilities specifically within the Qatari society. This study was conducted using 47 Qatari publications that investigated various professions that specialize in the care of disabled individuals, in the period from 1990 to 2018. The results indicated that 2.1% of the publications were conducted prior to 1990, but the majority of these investigations emerged in the last five years (87.2%). Furthermore, 95.7% of the articles were administered and published in Qatar. In terms of research focus, 57.5% of the publications and 42.5% of them examined specific disabilities such as hearing, motor, visual and mental disabilities. The findings show that there is an absence of explicit or implicit consideration of a proactive vision for the development of care for people with disabilities in Qatar. The results also indicated that although all institutions operating in Qatar provide websites with access to international information on disabilities, very few institutions including information such as the exact year of their establishment, and only six institutions showed that they were offering a comprehensive service (e.g., educational, medical, social, psychological and counseling). The researcher concluded that there is a need to establish a scientific database to document academic studies that care and investigate individuals with special needs such as universities and social service institutions, within the Qatari society. Such information can be used by professionals in medicine, education, social services, psychology and sociology in understanding client care and developing a higher-quality support network for those who suffer from disabilities in Qatar.

The aim of the research was to identify the reality of reading among the students of the University of Sharjah, their attitudes towards reading and their motives for that, as it aimed to identify students' reading areas and the obstacles they encounter. The study sample consisted of 120 individual students at the University of Sharjah as a society to study. The questionnaire consisted of four axes: First, Students' attitudes towards reading, Second, Students' motivation towards reading, Third, Reading Areas for Students, Fourth, students' difficulties with Reading.

The questionnaire consisted of 46 statements.

The main results of the study were as follows:

Most of the positive trends towards reading have been widely approved as compared to negative trends.
Motivations towards reading came in a variety of terms where all statments obtained the degree of approval.
The reading fields of the students of the University of Sharjah were ranked in descending order as follows:
Social and cultural fields.
Religious Subjects.
The riddles and jokes.
With regard to the most important obstacles, the results showed that the ease of reliance on modern media as an alternative to reading came first, in addition to the fact that the requirements of the study occupy all the time of students.

The study presents a vision of a democratic educational philosophy that promotes building a global citizen. The study uses the philosophical analysis method and the descriptive approach trying to understand and evaluate the educational curriculum, in order to propose a philosophical and educational vision that contributes to the creation and promotion of global citizenship. The study concluded that the adoption of the democratic model in education at various stages, including higher education helps in development of global citizens.

Research aimed at identifying the jealousy and feelings of inferiority and depending on the specialization and congenital arrangement and see terms of their relationship. sample consisted of (200 student of the University students inThe sections (scientific _ humanity) (99) student in scientific departments and (101) student sections and arrange megacolon (first- middle last _ _) in fact (60) and student(10)studentsandrecent(40)responded.

The sample on the jealousy of the researchers and a sense of inferiority complex scale (adopter) scale (Negev- 2014) researchers have used appropriate statistical methods to address their relationshipresearch data, and results that the arithmetic to college degrees for students after how they respond to paragraphs scales( Jealousy _ held a sense of inferiority), below average loyalty to them, and that there were no statistically significant differences between university students grades on a scale of jealousy and feelings of inferiority complex depending on the specialization and congenital arrangement, and that there is a correlation function between jealousy and feelings of inferiority complex and of conclusions Mission to find that there is a correlation (covariant) between jealousy and feelings of inferiority complex can influence one another

The objective of the current research was to identify the values ​​and their importance in the curriculum. The limits of the search for information and literature that contribute to achieve its objectives were followed by the researcher to study the descriptive analytical method of its importance in the curriculum as the concept of values ​​and their characteristics, , Values ​​and family formation values ​​and political formation, and educational mechanisms to integrate values ​​in the curriculum, the research has reached some conclusions such as:

1-The importance of values ​​in the life of society, the role it plays in the integration of social structure and the harmony of the members of society and their cohesion in the face of the challenge of fate in a world where the position of the unified community of great importance for its survival and sustainability.

. 2-The educational values ​​of a nation of nations are closely linked to their culture. Therefore, separating Islamic educational values ​​from their proper cultural framework and integrating them into a climate of cultural duplication or leaving them under the threat of cultural invasion presents them with solubility. And made a sound civilized reality.

Proposals

1.Studying the values ​​in the modern curriculum in different educational stages

2. Comparison of modern curricula in neighboring countries.

The aim of the study was to reveal the level of self-awareness and the cognitive control power of university students for the academic year 2017-2018 and to reveal the relationship and differences between them according to the gender variable. To achieve this goal, the researcher prepared two study tools: self-awareness measurement tool and cognitive strength control tool, which were verified and validated and were applied to a random sample of 300 students from the University of Sharjah. The results of the study showed that the members of the current research sample have a high level of self-awareness, and they have an average level in the cognitive control strength variable and there is a significant difference in the self-awareness scale of the subjects (emotional awareness, accurate self-evaluation) in favor of female students, In the measure of the power of cognitive control in the sex variable. And a statistically significant relationship between self-awareness and cognitive control power in the study sample.

The study aimed at what comes up.

1-. Identify the Very effective in effective teaching in College of education professors self.

2-Identify the differences in the effectiveness of teaching on self as a variable type (male-female).

current research society is determined by the basic education college professors and both sexes Mustansiriyah University and academic year (2018-2019) and sample (200) textbook and teaching staff researcher has built a headquarters Yas effectively teaching self and extract his results showed statistical characteristics:-. The basic education college professors have very effectively. There were differences between males and females in effective teaching self for male. Depending on the results, the researcher has developed a number of recommendations and proposals.

The research aims to identify the attitudes of students towards the performance of the teacher of human rights and democracy through a special questionnaire applied to a sample of (70) students from the first phase of the academic year (2017-2018). The research found that the performance of the teacher of human rights and democracy was at the level Very high The research came out with a number of recommendations and suggestions.

Chez Beckett, l'attente n'est pas un vide mais une efficacité consécutive. Elle pourrait être un acte instinctif ou stérile. Tout cela dépend, peut-être, de la perception de l'attente. Pour Beckett, c'est aussi un monde de vie, une attente de l'inspiration, de la connaissance, de la cognition ou éventuellement de la mort.

Le temps tel que l'être humain le conçoit est une création de l'esprit alors que le temps est une entité propre et inchangeable auquel nous ne pouvons échapper. Selon Beckett, nous ne pouvons pas échapper aux conséquences du temps. Pourtant, nous le subissons sans grande résistance.

This effort focuses exclusively on the realization of the phenomenon of language contact and the impact it has on the language behavior of users. Each two languages, or more, by one way or another may get into a contact situation when they are alternately used by the same person. Among the situations where both languages would be exposed to contact that of the translation class covered by this study. The present effort highlights the example of French and Arabic languages used alternatively by university level translator-learners, specifically by third year students.

After having shown the aspects of bilingualism related to the subject, and following a corpus elaborated to trace the source of the problem, being the realization of the contact of languages in the class concerned, we notice that the phenomenon is actually realized and that negative impacts are seen in the production of the translator-students as to the translating activity. In this respect, all the gaps in the pedagogical situation are identified and effective solutions are therefore proposed in order to cope with the linguistic problems which hinder any progress made by the translator-students. It is a matter of establishing measures to avoid, or at least reduce, the negative impact resulting from the meeting of two different linguistic systems, which affects the performance of translators in the process of learning.

В статье предоставлены определения понятий «политический язык» и «политический дискурс» в средствах массовой информации; представлена структура «общественно-политической лексики», которая состоит из собственно политической лексики и потенциальной политической лексике; обоснованы сущностью феноменов политический язык и политический дискурс; доведено, что понятия «дискурс» интерпретируется с трех основных подходов; определено, что политический язык можно разделить на вербальный и символический; сделана попытка проследить проявление политического языка в языке средств массовой информации; названы основные функции политического языка, которыми являются интерпретационно-оценочная функция, функция формирования политического сознания, функция убеждения и контроля, функцию манипулирования.

Heritage represents the living memory of the individual and society , it is cultural identity that people recognize about the privacy of people . That is the full record of human activity in a society preserved in the collective memory of the people . It is a manifestation of individual and collective creativity of the nation during its long history . As a result , heritage has a strong relationship with the cultural practices of society and its outlook for the future as well as the link between the present and the past. Therefore, the loss of cultural heritage means the loss of the nation's memory , identity and pride in its own history and present.

Talking the architectural heritage of Najaf, which is one of the main pillars of the city's heritage through the ages, means talking about the variables in the moving time and the fixed place. Najaf in its plans and architecture as one of the historical cities of religious origin had to respond on its architectural planning to a range of needs and factors that influenced the pattern of planning and the shape of the city and the models of buildings .

In order to deepen the subject , we chose the old Najafi house as a model for local architecture . Mr. Ali Al-Damarji's house was chosen as a model in Al-Huwaish district . As it is characterized by the integration of the elements of planning , architectural and construction , as well as the capacity of an area of (380 m2.) , and its good condition as classified by the heritage survey committee of the city of Najaf grade (A) in terms of heritage status , and the state of construction .

The study has found that the architecture of the heritage buildings in Najaf and the Najafi house in particular has some characteristics that are almost unique to them . However , this privacy does not mean the identification of an independent identity . Rather , it is the local privacy which is integrated it its overall image within the identity National Heritage of Iraq . In spite of the presence of different oriental influences , the Najafi house remained conservative in its basic layout of its traditional character , which imitates the old and ancient Iraqi style . And this in itself drawn the image of Iraqi cultural communication and authenticity through the ages .

The current study is mainly intended to explore linguistic realizations of impoliteness strategies employed in speeches uttered by the characters in Death of a Salesman written by the American playwright, Arthur Miller. Occurrences of impoliteness strategies in the data are searched for and then quantitatively counted. Ninety-five impolite speeches are extracted as the data and analysed in terms of Culpeper’s model (1996) so as to unwrap the aesthetic function of language. The analysis reveals that the most dominant impolite speeches are mirrored by positive impoliteness (utilizing taboo words) which constitute 37% followed by bald impoliteness constituting 21%, negative impoliteness (invading the other’s space) constituting 9.5%, sarcasm or mock impoliteness constituting 6.32%, negative impoliteness (scorn or ridiculous) constituting 6.32%, negative impoliteness (associating the other with a negative aspect explicitly) constituting 5.3%, positive impoliteness (calling the other names) constituting 4.22%, positive impoliteness (inappropriate identity markers) and (disassociating from the others) constituting 3.17% and withhold politeness (being silent) and (failing to thank) constituting 1%, respectively. The findings show a manifestation of lack of edification and morality during the characters’ interaction. The characters’ disharmony and mutiny move the plot of the drama forward and tandem evoke the interest of the audience. Accordingly, the study significantly concludes that such characters’ unfriendly interaction, profanity and disequilibrium reflect the domestic and social severity of life and the psychological persecution due to the middle-class anxieties during the postwar II period in America which are liable to be highlighted via a thought-provoking dramatic embodiment.

Hubristic characters, in Greek mythology and in later eras, have been looked at negatively. Once a hubristic character emerges, that would provoke nemesis. Consequently, society would punish him/her since she/he allegedly challenges the gods, ignoring warnings and laws of society, and that would present him/her as someone rude and challenging the norms. Accordingly, such a hubristic character would eventually face moral, spiritual, and physical downfall. However, it seems that presenting a hubristic character in Greek mythology and in later eras in such a negative way is a mere fallacy. In fact, effective pride springs from certainty and over-confidence. Consequently, in demonizing effectively proud characters, they unconsciously impede and restrict human abilities and passions from unleashing against the negatively effective forces of external nature and internal human one, which need great toil to endure.

This paper attempts to, first, explore and study the actions and psyche of the proud Captain Ahab of Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick. Its second objective is to study the importance of pride and its great effects on the psyche and behavior of the above mentioned hero and on astonishingly shaping the whole course of evolution of incidents. Third, it aims at showing the noble human passions and abilities propelled by his effective pride where he employs them against the forces of nature. Fourth, it also aims at showing his individuality against the forces of nature and how his effective pride mediates in his inner impulses as an organizer, pushing them forward rather than backward. Accordingly, his pride emerges as an effective force challenging the forces of nature. Captain Ahab appears proud of his abilities and passions. In other words, he well recognizes that he is determined, courageous, daring, fearless, and tenacious. Finally, it concludes that effectively pushing pride foregrounds the captain as extremely effective, influential, and inspiring. He prides himself on the positive attributes which he has, and this eventually makes him infinitely and imperiously assertive, insistent, and equivalent to the forces of external nature where he becomes, in spite of his death, not only a hero but also an inspiring one.

Jubran Khalil Jubran was one of the thousands Lebanese youth who emigrated with his family to the United States because of inappropriate social, political and financial situations. Using his great potentialities, he became on of the most influential figures of the world in thinking, literary, and art dimensions.

This study attempts to investigate 1)the influential and challenging character of Khalil Jubran in the Arab world, Europe, and America; 2) the challenging religious and literary viewpoints presented by Khalil Jubran; 3) his distinguished and unique viewpoints about ontology, religion, human, and society; 4) having freedom of religious expression with a specific and non-imitative style; 5) management and guidance of the Northern Mahjar academy; 6) great realization of humanistic and moral attitudes in his works; 7)deep contemplation in human mental and behavioral states and materializing them in different works of poetry, prose and essay; and 8)lack of religious and sectarian prejudice. Although he was born to a catholic family, his personality reflected Christianity thinking, Islam, and Buddhism; and great figures such as Jesus, Imam Ali, Buddha, Abolala Moeri, William Blake, William Wordsworth, Coleridge, Nietzsche, famous European and American novelist provided him with highly valuable experiences. A lot of his viewpoints are consistent with Islamic views. A few inconsistencies are, however, observed in relation to transpiration of the soul or transmogrification, a global single or common religion, contradiction between propagating religious unity and advocacy of legitimacy of multiplicity in thinking and morality; giving love to all humans even to the cruel and murderers! and frangibility and instability of religious beliefs because of integration of the origin of his thought, which will be investigated and criticized in this study.