Misan Journal of Engineering Sciences

The ability of drilling fluids to clean the borehole is considered an important
factor in choosing drilling mud. Which is affected by many parameters such as mud type,
cutting size, cutting concentration in the mud, drill pipe rotation speed, and mud inlet
velocity. The present research investigated the influence of drilling fluid that flow into the
rotary pipe and coming out of the annulus with the influence of the above mentioned
parameters on the cutting transport ratio (CTR). A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
software ANSYS FLUENT 18.2 has been utilized to simulate a model of 3-D two phase
(solid-liquid) turbulent flow, steady-state, with stander k-ϵ in a vertical wellbore. The
momentum and continuity equations, which are the governing equations, are numerically
resolved using CFD with fluent soft package. The results are presented as follows:
streamline , contours.
The results show that with a decrease in each of the cutting diameter, cutting concentration in the
mud, and cutting density, the CTR by mud will increase. Moreover, as the drill pipe rotation speed
increases and the mud inlet speed increases, the cutting transport ratio will increase.

In recent years, many nature-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithms have been
proposed in an effort to develop efficient and robust algorithms. The drawback in most of them is the
large number of simulations required to obtain good designs. To reduce the number of structural
analyses to reach the best design, a new two-phase algorithm is proposed and evaluated. This hybrid
algorithm is based on the well-known Harmony Search (HS) algorithm and recently developed
Colliding Bodied Optimization (CBO). HS analyzes and improves one design in every iteration
whereas CBO generates and analyzes a new population of designs in every iteration. Based on the
observed behavior of these two algorithms, a Hybrid Harmony Search - Colliding Bodies Optimization
(HHC) is proposed. The first phase of HHC uses the Improved Harmony Search (IHS) algorithm. A
new design domain reduction technique is also incorporated in IHS that dramatically reduces the
number of possible combinations of discrete variables. This improves the performance of the IHS
algorithm. The second phase uses the Enhanced Colliding Bodies Optimization (ECBO). ECBO
receives final designs from the first phase to enhance them further. This makes the second phase need
fewer iterations in comparison with the ECBO alone. The performance of the proposed algorithms is
evaluated using some benchmark discrete structural optimization problems, although the method is
applicable to continuous-variable problems as well. The results show HHC with design domain
reduction to be quite effective, robust, and needs a smaller number of structural analyses to solve
optimization problems in comparison with IHS, ECBO, and some other metaheuristic optimization
algorithms. HHC with design domain reduction is shown to be quite robust in the sense that different
runs for a problem obtain the same final design. In comparison with HIS and ECBO, HHCD reduces
the number of structural analyses to find the best design to less than half. This is an important feature
that leads to better confidence in the final solution from a single run of the algorithm for a problem.

Advanced technology and other aspects of life aim to use the available and efficient
materials. Due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and durability, aluminum alloys are used in a
variety of structural engineering applications. This paper describes the experimental and numerical
flexural behavior investigation of the aluminum beams. The main variables considered in the study are
related to section shape, which are the shape configuration, depth, and thickness of the aluminum
section. The finite element three dimensional models are used to analyze the tested beams in order to
check the ability of the models to predict the overall behavior and to obtain more information about
the stresses and strains that developed. The results show that the larger the value of the section shape
factor, the fiber is still in the elastic range, and the smaller the plastic deformation of the beam. And
the web plates slenderness ratio has a significant influence on the load-deflection relationship because
of local deformation as well as the plastic deformation of box beams is relatively smaller than that of
the I-section beam. The constraint of the flange for box beams is greater than that for I-section beams.
Besides, the adopted nonlinear numerical modeling gives acceptable agreement with the experimental
results besides the load-deflection responses, the ultimate strength convergence ratios varied between
1.1-0.93.

The study deals with the geotechnical and hydrological problems in Dewerige dam. It's a new hydraulic structure constructed on Dewerige river in the southeast of Misan governorate, which represents a multipurpose.
The dam is used for flooding control, water storage for irrigation, and recharges groundwater. The current study aimed to study seepage quantity under a small concrete dam (weir). SEEP/W software has been used to solve a
simulation model at steady stat to evaluate piping downstream (Toe) in saturated soil. Uplift pressure, seepage velocity, hydraulic gradient, and piping safety factor were calculated in SEEP/W. The model results explain that the
piping safety factor was (1.7), Therefore, the dam is relatively safe against piping problems in flooding conditions.

In this paper, the influence of aggregate size and volume fraction on the permeability properties
of meso-scale concrete is investigated. Three volume fractions of aggregates are investigated, varying from
10, 20 and 30 %. Furthermore, three aggregate sizes are examined, 10, 14, and 16 mm. In this work, numerical
results provide some indications: increasing volume fraction leads to increased fracture energy, tensile stress,
and crack opening. The results show that increasing crack width and decreasing volume fraction lead to an
increase in gas permeability.

In light of the cities' growth, it has now become necessary to establish infrastructure in
areas that were previously deemed inappropriate.To improve the engineering characteristics of these
problematic lands, many methods have been applied. Recently, an innovative and sustainable
technique called Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation has emerged for soil improvement. Many
factors that affect the efficiency of this technique include the concentrations of bacteria solution, the
concentrations, and the type of the chemical solutions, in addition to methods to introduce the bacteria
and these chemical solutions to the soil, pH, etc.The objective of this study is to evaluate the
performance of the Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation as a technique to improve and enhance the
very fine poorly graded sandy soils and expand knowledge about improving a loos sand by using the
MICP technique. Furthermore, this study was carried out using six types of calcium sources in the
cementation solution, two concentrations of cementation solution as well as two types of soils. This
study shows that the use of low concentrations provides a greater improvement in the engineering
properties of the treated soil. The pH values were not greatly affected by soil type or the type of
cementation chemical solutions and their concentration. The samples with axial splitting had a lower
unconfined compressive strength than that shown by the samples with shear fracture.

Prediction of water inflow to a reservoir is of great interest in the policy of the reservoir operation throughout the
year. When significant amounts of inflow series entering to the reservoir are nondeterministic events, the utilization of
stochastic models to check the reliability of the recorded data and forecast the future events become preferable. One of the
most powerful and widely used methodology for forecasting time series is the class of models called the Box-Jenkins models.
In this study, time series analysis was applied to records of 69 monthly mean inflowsto Bekhme reservoir, in the northern
part of Iraq, for the water year period from 1933 to 2006. Nine multiplicative seasonal models were fitted to this series; these
were the seasonal autoregressive integrated (SARI) (1, 1, 0) × (1, 1, 0)12, (2, 1, 0) × (1, 1, 0)12, and (1, 1, 0) × (2, 1, 0)12
models, the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) (1, 1, 1) × (1, 1, 1)12, (2, 1, 2) × (1, 1, 1)12, and
(1, 1, 1) × (2, 1, 2)12 models, and the seasonal integrated moving average (SIMA) (0, 1, 1) × (0, 1, 1)12, (0, 1, 2) × (0, 1,
1)12, and (0, 1, 1) × (0, 1, 2)12 models. The unconditional sum of squares method was used to estimate the parameters of
the models and to compute the sum of squared errors for each one. It was found that the best model which corresponded to
the minimum sum of squared errors was the SIMA (0, 1, 1) × (0, 1, 1)12 model. The estimated moving average parameters
of this model were 0.378 and 0.953 for both θ and Θ respectively. The adequacy of this model was checked by plotting the
normalized cumulative periodogram which does not indicate nonrandomness of the residuals. Forecasts of monthly inflow
for the period from October, 2002, to September, 2006 were graphically compared with observed inflow for the same period
and since agreement was very precise, adequacy of the selected model was confirmed.

Sentinel satellite images are enhanced using Erdas-2014 and analyzed by GIS techniques
to distinguish the main geological features in the study area. Satellite image is processed to select
and determine several geological and geomorphological features that are evident through a Sentinel
image as a Geopoint. These Geopoints were checked in the field survey to be geosite. Field techniques
include phtogeological and terrestrial photogrammetry. Quantities’ assessment of geological heritage
in five geosite in Potential Geopark (Telal AL Band ). Scientific, educational, functional, and touristic
categories values were calculated for each Geosite. The Results of the quantitative assessment depend
on questionnaire data for three types of audiences: university students, Government circles,
researchers, tourists then, and previous geoscientific studies. The infrastructures like paved roads,
bridges, and security, played a vital role in the scores in different studied sites. The infrastructures of
geoutorism need to devselop through local government funding and community people investments.
The area of east Missan required more professional promoting efforts to develop geoeducation and
geotourism. The results of the study show the Telal AL Band geopark of geoeducation, geotourism,
and economical importance

In the past, the main sources of energy were coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy and wood. All of
these sources are limited in quantities and depleted. Moreover, they are considered the main cause of environmental
pollution. Due to their limitations and their negative effects on health and environment, attention was turned to
alternative energy sources and their uses in various applications. One of those sources is wind energy which is clean
and available throughout Earth's geography and today. Wind energy is used in many applications where it can be
converted into electrical energy, stored and transmitted, and it can also be converted into a mechanical form that is
used directly in machines like water pumps. The main objective of this study is to design a wind-powered water
pumping turbine. One of the most important results of the study is the design of a pump to raise water from a well
using wind energy to irrigate farms with an area of (2.5) hectares. A two-piston pump was designed, the first to
withdraw water from the well and the second to Push the water into the reserve tank. (Irrigation occurs during
periods of unavailability of rain water). Use Programmes in study is matlab for analysis and solidworks for 3d
pump.place of work is Iraq, Almousel.

screen out is a blocking of the fracture path caused by bridging the path or accumulation of the
proppant inside the fracture, clumping or lodging of the (solid particles) proppant across the hydraulic
fracture width that causes to restrict formation fluid to flow into the hydraulically fractured formation. To
avoid the screen out happening needing to save fracturing fluids, hydraulic horsepower. Conditions that
leading to screen out during the hydraulic fracturing job in a well, such as, the ratio between the fracture
widths to particle diameter that called (β), proppant concentration,  and wall roughness. The effects of
these factors are investigated experimentally in the present work by building an apparatus that meet the
shape of the real hydraulic fracture. The plugging time were measured and monitored through glass
windows on both sides of the apparatus to follow the behavior of the proppant inside the fracture during the
flow of the fracturing fluid or when the proppant plugs the fracture. To study the effect of the fracture wall
roughness on the screen out phenomena, apparatus was build to get two different fracture shapes, to meet
the real fracture wall in reality. Through the relation between the different proppant concentration and the
plugging time, one can indicate on the graph the plugging region and non plugging region for different
values of β, proppant concentration and fracture shape, in order to avoid the screen out. During designing
the hydraulic fracture, the values of β were very important factor that can lead to screen out, through the
results found that when β=1, the screen out happened very fast even at low proppant concentration, but for
β=2, 3 and 4 the screen out depends on the proppant concentration and fracture shape. For β=5 it was found
that, there is no screen out occurring for wide range of proppant concentration. The effect of hydraulic
fracture wall roughness is important because it effect the speed of the suspension when passing through the
fracture.