Academic Science Journal

This paper is concerned with the study of the constraints quaternary continuous classical optimal control vector problem (CQCCOCVP) with equality and inequality constraint controlled by quaternary nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations (QNLEPDEqs).The existence theorem of a CQCCOCV of the constrained problem is stated and proved under suitable hypotheses. The mathematical formulation of the adjoint quaternary equations (AQEqs) associated with the QNLEPDEqs is derived, the Fréchet derivative for the objective function and the EINC are derived. Finally, the necessary condition theorem and the sufficient condition theorem for the optimality are stated and proved.

Angiogenicfactor imbalance, such as that caused by placental growth factor(PLGF), is a feature of preeclampsia. However, the connection amony PLGF,clinical, laboratory indicators and the severity of preeclampsia is not entirely understood. Ninety subjects were incorporated in this study(The age range 17-40years),( 30)were healthy pregnant with mean age (26.57±1.07). (30)MildPreeclampsia cases with mean age (30.42±0.78)and (30)sever PE with mean age (33.32±1.09)wherever all women were more than 20 weeks of pregnancy. Mean blood pressure and level of proteinuria were used as indicators of the severity of the disease. ELISA was used to measure the levels of PLGF in the serum. Serum lipid profile were measured by enzymatic methods. The qualitative dip-stick technique was used to assess the amount of urine protein. A substantial difference between the PE group's serum PLGF concentration and that of the healthy subjects (p= 0.001)could be seen. Serum PLGF concentrations of patients with mild PE and those with severe PE differed significantly. Additionally, there were strong positive relationships between the serum PLGF concentration and the systolic BP and proteinuria serum PLGF levels, biochemical indicators, and other factors,however, did not significantly correlate. The diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing PE from the healthy patient group was good thanks to the excellent area under the curve (AUC = 0.83, p = 0.0001)In conclusion, Levels ofPLGFin area of PE patients were decreaed. PLGF was significantly correlated withPE patients.

In this paper we introduced the notion of the subact of FS-injective S-act, we gave an example show that subact of FS-injective S-acts need not be FS-injective. Thus we investigated some kinds of sub acts which inherit the FS-injective property such as fuzzy fully invariant subact , fuzzy retract subact ,fuzzy intersection-large and fuzzy stable subact finally we studied some properties of the subacts of FS-injective .

The synthesis, applications,and antimicrobial investigation of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been indicated in several studies. However, only few studies were published characterizing the features of biologically synthesized AgNPs. Silver also, it salts long been employed by the old civilizations without reporting sides effects on the human health. While, Ag NPs has been just recently produced and used in the industrial, agricultural and medical applications. Regarding pharmaceuticalapplications, AgNPs have been used as antimicrobial and antioxidants agent because of the generation of free radicals (-o2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cell killing/inhibition. The small size of AgNPs is facilitating their diffusion into cell lead to cell wall rupture. However, the small sized-AgNPs are associated with their toxicity, the smaller size nanoparticles, and themore toxic ones.AgNPs toxicity also depends on the environment's pH and concentration, in addition to size.In additionto discussing their antibacterial action and toxicity, this study will cover the numerous AgNPs manufacturing techniques and uses.

In this paper, we consider a new class of fuzzy functions called Fuzzy Integro-Differential Equations.Some numerical methods, such as cubic spline have been used to determine the solutions of these equations. We extend these numerical techniques to find the optimal solutions. Exponential spline technique is used for this. The results shown that Exponential spline method is more accurate in terms of absolute error. Based on the parametric form of the fuzzy number, the integro-differential equation is contacted into two systems of the second kind. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the high precision and good performance of the new class. Graphical representations reveal the symmetry between lower and upper cut represent of fuzzy solutions and may be helpful for a better understanding of fuzzy model artificial, intelligence, medical science and quantum.

The field experiment was carried out in one of the agricultural fields of Al-Khalis District / Diyala Governorate,Iraq, which is located 14 km north of Baquba District, during the autumn season of 2022, in soil with clay loam textured to study the effect of organic fertilization with humic and fulvic acid and the interaction between them on the growth and yield of thesunflower plants( Helianthus annuus L.). A two-factor experiment was carried out using three replications of the (RCBD) randomized complete block design. The first factor was sprayed with humic acid at a concentration of 6gm.L.-1And the second agent wassprayed with fulvic acid at a concentration of 6 gm.L-1The results showed that there was a significant superiority when adding humic acid + fulvic acid at a concentration of 6gm.L.-1In the average characteristic of plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll index, plant leaf area, number of leaves per plant,the weight of 1000 seeds, total yield, percentage of oil in seeds, and percentage of protein in seeds.

A study was conducted in the summer season of 2022 in the village of Aday in Baquba District -Diyala Governorate on the mung plant Vigna radaitaL. (a local green variety) in clay soil ,inorder to study the effect of bio-fertilization with Azotobacter chroococcumand the Mycorhiza fungi (Glomus mosseae) and organic fertilization using humic acid on the vegetative characteristics of the mung bean (V. radaitaL.). The Experiment were carried out according to the randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replications using two fertilization, the first was biological fertilization, which included four treatments, namely (without addition, the addition of Azotobacter, the addition of Mycorrhizae, and the addition of Azotobacter + Mycorrhizae) and the second was organic fertilization, which included four concentrations of humic acid 0, 3, 6 and 9 gm.l-1 the result findings were:The treatment of biofertilization by adding Azotobacter and Mycorrhizae in all the studied characteristics of plant height, root length, number of branches, leaf area of the vegetative total reached76.87 cm, 43.01 cm,15 branchplants-1, 660.77 cm2. The treatment of organic fertilization with humic acid at aconcentration of 9 gm.l-1was superior giving it the highest mean of plant height, root length, number of branches, leaf area of the vegetative total77.6cm, 16cm, 15.39branchplant-1 , 660.83 cm2 .

Plants and fungi, are widely used around the world as a source of traditional medicine and human food. Nowadays, scientists and nutritionists encourage the use of plants and fungi although cases of poisoning are frequently reported. Many countries around the world, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo, use Ganoderma applanatummushroom for its proven therapeutic virtues. However, the people of Sankuru have often suspected it of being poisonous. The purpose of this work was therefore to verify the supposed toxicity of this mushroom. For this, a chemical screening was carried out on the test tubes containing methanolic and aqueous extracts, followed by a screening by thin layer chromatography in order to detectthe presence of secondary metabolites. The aqueous extract was administered to mice at doses ranging from 5000 to1000 mg/kg to assess the toxicity of the G. applanatumsample. Examination of Alanine amino-transferase (ALAT) and Asparate amino-transferase (ASAT) in the blood showed no resistance and no alteration of vital organs (liver and heart) even at the highest dose (5000mg/kg). The results of the chemical screening revealed the presence of various compounds, including alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, phenols and others. The administration of the different doses did not cause any lethality to the animals used. The results of this study argue in favor of its safety in the traditional treatment of certain diseases by oral route.

The current study was carried out in the laboratories of the Department of Life Sciences -College of Education for Pure Sciences / University of Diyala from the period (20-2-2023) until (10-4-2023).The study included cultivation in plastic pots5kg masticin sandy soil with the aim of studying the effectiveness of soaking with antioxidants and its effect on reducing salt stress on the growth characteristics of thewhite corn plant(Sorghum biocolorL.) Which is known as sorghum and belong to poaceae. A factorial experiment was carried out with three treatments according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was soaking with ascorbic acid at a concentration of 150 mg.L.-1, the second factor with vitamin-E, and the third factor with proline at a concentration of 150 mg.L-1(where the materials were purchased from the AL-Shamoua office chemical supplies located in Baghdad), And irrigation with saline concentrations included, 2, 4, 6, and 8 of sodium chloride NaCl (g.L-1) solution, the results showed no significant effect of these treatments on average plant height, flag leaf area, and wet weight of the rootstock, and the results showed a significant superiority when irrigating with saline concentrations of 2NaCl . The average plant height and flag leaf area were 13.11 cm, and 4.5556 cm2respectively, the results showed that the between the soaking materials and the irrigation water salinity concentrations hada significant effect on all growth traits, as it gave the highest average of the physiological response with the vitamin-E soaking treatment, which reached 14.33 cm in the average plant height, and the irrigation water salinity concentration was g.l-14NaCl ,And the highest average overlap with vitamin-E was 5.6667 cm2In the average area of the flag leaf and the irrigation water salinity concentration is, And the highest average overlap with the treatment of soaking with vitamin-E was 0.4900 gm 2NaCl g.l-1in the average fresh weight of the root system and the irrigation water salinity concentration was 4NaCl g.l.-.

The current aim was to use the Gas Chromatography –Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) technique to examine the aqueous extract of Cordia myxa L.leaves. Molecular weight, retention duration,peak area, chemical structure, and molecular formula all play a role in the method utilized to determine active chemical compounds. By this technique, 30 peaks of the active chemicals were releaved in the analysis of the aqueous extract of Cordia myxa L.leaves. Of the most compounds shown there were ten have been identified,they are 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-(fatty acid), methyl ester, 1,1,1,5,7,7,7-Heptamethyl-3,3-bis(trimethylsiloxy)tetrasiloxane, Heptadecanoic acid, Hexadecamethylheptasiloxane, Hexasiloxane, tetradecamethyl, Triacontanoic acid, Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid,3-Isopropoxy-1,1,1,7,7,7-hexamethyl-3, 5,5-tris(trimethylsiloxy)tetrasiloxane, 13-11-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester,1,1,1,3,5,7,9,11,11,11–Decamethyl-5-(trimethylsiloxy) hexasiloxane. The study concluded that this plant has bioactive materials which are potential medical compounds that need further investigation. Therefore, this study represents a compilation of information related to the genus of Cordia, particularly Iraqi species and its phytochemistry in order to promote clear directions for future research.

Acinetobacter baumanniiconsidered one important pathogenic bacteria and responsible for severalnosocomial and community infections for human and , possessthe ability to form biofilms , andcontinued development of antibiotic resistance to drugs used to treat bacterial infections.The currentstudy was performed ,during the period1/9 /2022to the end of December 30 /12 /2022 , a total of 210 blood specimens were collected in Baqubah Teaching Hospital /Iraq to investigate the prevalence of bacterial isolates among patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) , detect antibiotic resistance , biofilms formation , molecular detection of efflux pumps adeIJgenes , and activity of ciprofloxacin and resveratrol on expression of these two genes.The results revealed that the percentage of positive growth of A.baumannii,which isolates from blood samples with among ICU patients were 12 %, presence of the highest resistance of 25 isolates against fourteen types of antibiotics, our finding showed significant differences before and after treatment of resistance isolates with Resveratrol with a higher reduction expression of AdeIJgenes in all isolates under study reaching 0.59 and 0.28, respectively.

One of themain parts of the endocrine system is the thyroid gland, it produces thyroid hormones, tetraiodothyronine, and triiodothyronine, which are important for general health. In this article, we review the most important thyroid hormones and the imbalance in these hormones. The thyroid hormones control various metabolic processes, involving expenditure of energy and growth, common thyroid dysfunction include excessive activity (hyperthyroidism) or limited activity (hypothyroidism) of the thyroid gland.

Gait is a kind of behavioral biometric feature, which is defined as the way a person walks. Unlike other biometrics like face and iris which are limited by the distance. Soft biometric are features that can be extracted remotely and do not require human interaction. The force of gait, is that it does not require cooperative subjects and it is recognizable from low-resolution surveillance videos. This paper presents a proposed framework for gait recognition by building the required dataset. This work include two steps. First, nine gait attributes are extracted using MediaPipe and second, recognition is done using an Enhanced Convolutional Neural Network (ECNN). The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 89.583%.Although the accuracy is not high, yet the gait recognition is very important, especially in a remote viewing environment.

In this study, a green biological method was used to manufacture zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from zinc nitrate as a precursor with an aqueous extract of Citrus sinensisfruit peels as reducing agents, when the color changed from yellow to brown, this indicates the production of ZnO NPs. The produced ZnO-NPs were characterized via X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Atomic force -Microscopy (AFM).The synthesized ZnO-NPs have been characterized by the XRD peaks confirmed that the ZnO-NPs are hexagonal, and their purity and crystallinity are very high, with anaverage particle size of 16.21 nm.FTIR analysis was carried out to identify possible bio-molecules responsible for the bio-reduction of zinc ions.Moreover, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measured at λmax = 378 nm, confirming the formation of ZnO-NPs. AEM images showed that ZnO-NPs have cubic morphology with sizes ranging from 50nm. Staphylococcus aureusshowed high resistance against Norfloxacin, Trimethprim,Ciprofloxacin,Levofloxacin,Clindamycin and Nirofuranation. The antibacterial effects of particles were investigated by agar well diffusion method usingfour concentrations of ZnO NPs (25,50,100,200) mg/ml.The ZnO NPs showed the highest diameter of inhibition zone at200 mg/ml concentration to S.aureus which was 25.5mm, while the lowest diameter of inhibition zone was at(25) mg/ml concentration which was 15.4 mm.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO NPs was determined using a broth microdilution assay,which was10.000 μg/mlon S. aureusisolates.

Genotypic study of the strains is crucial for determining the genetic relationships between the strains and epidemiological investigations as wellas for monitoring their geographic distribution. The goal of this study was to detect genetic similarities and differences between extensively drug resistant Acinetobacter baumanniiisolates from patients in different hospitalsin Diyala/Iraqby using Arbitrarily-PCR technique. The present investigation was conducted from October 2022 to March 2023. A total of 30 isolates of Acinetobacter baumanniiwere obtained from a sample size of 200 specimens. Isolates were identified using both traditional methods and the VITEK 2 compact system. Theisolates was determined using the disc diffusion method.All A. baumanniiisolates were resistance to (Piperacillin, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Ampicillin–sulbactam, Piperacillin–sulbactam,Ticarcillin–clavulanic acid and Gentamicin) in percentage (100%) While resistance to Amikacin 96.7%. Imepenem and Meropenem was 76.7%, Levofloxacin was 66.7% and finally to Ciprofloxacin was 63.3%. Eleven(11) isolates (36.7%) were multi drug resistant, and nineteen (19) isolates (63.3%) were extensively drug resistant. The genetic variability of 19 extensively drug-resistant A. baumanniistrains were investigated with the AP-PCR method, the genetic fingerprint has14 bands with molecular weights ranging from (300-4000) bp.AP-PCR typing showed a total of 19 XDR-A. baumanniiisolates revealed 13 different clones with 90% similarity cutoff value include 6 groups of genotypes and 7 unique isolates.The present study concluded by demonstrating that the AP-PCR approach is a reliable, simple, quick, and cost-effective tool for examining the genetic diversity of A. baumanniiisolates.

Field experiment had conducted in the winter of 2022-2023 at a field in Baqubah, Diyala Governorate to investigate the influence of salicylic acid and GA3 spraying on some morphological and physiological traits of the fenugreek plant. A factorial experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The first treatment involved spraying with three different concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 10 and 20 mg Lˉ¹), whereas the second treatment involved spraying with three different concentrations of GA3 (0, 50 and 100 mg Lˉ¹), so the number of experimental units area reached 27 experimental units. The data underwent statistical analysis using the Genstat program, andthe least significant difference (LSD) test was utilized to compare concentrations at a significance level of 0.05. Results indicated that spraying the fenugreek plants with a concentration of 20 mg Lˉ¹ of salicylic acid significantly increased height of plant and potassium content in leaves, reaching 53.20 cm and 17.99 mg gˉ¹ respectively. While, spraying with salicylic acid at a concentration of 10 mg Lˉ¹ led to a significant increase in the number of branches and leaves per plant, phosphorus content in leaves, chlorophyll index, and plant dry weight which reached 13.82 branches per plant, 58.1 leaves per plant, 8.65 mg gˉ¹, 45.11 Spad and 26.71 g plantˉ¹ respectively. Spraying with GA3 at a concentration of 100 mg Lˉ¹ resulted in a notable increase in the plant height, and potassium content in leaves, reaching 55.12 cm and 17.53 mg gˉ¹ respectively. On the other hand, spraying with GA3 at a concentration of 50 mg Lˉ¹ led to a
significant increase in the number of branches and leaves per plant, phosphorus content in leaves, chlorophyll index and plant dry weight which reached 14.75 branches per plant, 61.20 leaves per plant, 7.92 mg g ˉ¹, 47.45 Spad, 26.10 g per plant respectively. The interaction between salicylic acid and GA3 significantly affected all the features tested.

In this work, an inverse Cauchy problem of the Helmholtz equation for thermal conductivity at the edge of the target was considered. In this paper, the temperature on the unknown boundary (theinner boundary) is determinedby taking advantage of theCauchy data that can be obtained from the known part, the part that can be reached (the outer boundary), This problem is solved numerically using theproposed method, and the stability of the approximate solution has been confirmed by adding noise to the Cauchy data.

Water content affects the soil state, consistency, and engineering behavior of various engineering projects. Evaluation of water content is, therefore, crucial to maintain the stability of these projects. Geotechnical and geoelectrical techniques are integrated in this study to characterize the soil, with a particular interest in the water (moisture) content, southern Baqubah City. Twenty soil specimens, manually collected using a hand Auger and the core cutter method, were used. Basic geotechnical tests were first implemented to characterize and classify the soil. Secondly, compaction characteristics referred to as, Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and Maximum Dry Density (MDD), were determined usingStandard Proctor compaction (SPC) and Modified Proctor Compaction (MPC) tests, which are essential to evaluate the compaction process. Thirdly, the resistivity of the compacted specimens was measured and compared with soil water content obtained using the oven drying method. ASTM standards were followed in all laboratory tests. Finally, geotechnical and geoelectrical methods were integrated for water content prediction. The results showed that, based on USCS, the soil is of low plasticity, fine-grained type (CL) and (CL-ML). The average LL, PL, and PI values were 25.50, 18.61, and 6.89, respectively. The average MDD and OMC values were 1.75 g/cm3, and 17.18%, for SPC tests, and 1.90 g/cm3and 13.24%, for MPC tests, respectively. The resistivity was non-linearly correlated with water content with R2values (>0.99) for all samples which indicates the potential of using this method, as a non-destructive and low-cost method, for the evaluation of the water content of compacted soils. The relationships between the measured and predicted values for SPC (R2=0.911) and MPC (R2=0.934) tests, respectively, confirm the usefulness of using the resistivity method to provide a quick and preliminary evaluation of soil water content.

In this paper, a meshless collocation method using a polynomial expansion is proposed to solve a mixed fourth order differential boundary value problem. By employing the CGLS and PCG algorithms to solve some examples with different exact solutions, and by introducing noise for the input boundary data, the numerical stability of the suggested approaches is demonstrated.

This study focused on interpreting the carbonate microfacies of Hartha Formation and the impact of diagenesis processes in selected wells of East Baghdad oil field. A total of 33 thin sections were examined from cutting and core samples. The study revealed distinct microfacies indicating different paleoenvironments. The outer-ramp environment is characterized by mudstone and wackestone microfacies dominated by planktonic foraminifera. Mid-ramp environment is distinguished by lime mudstone, bioclastic wackestone and foraminiferal-bioclastic wackestone. The inner ramp environment is subdivided into shoal, open marine, and restricted subenvironments. The shoal environment is only identified by rudistid grainstone microfacies. The open marine environment includes Benthic foraminifreal wackestone and Foraminiferal-echinoderm packstone. Restricted marine environment consists of mud-support microfacies such as Benthic foraminiferal-bioclastic wackestone and Rotalidwackestone Diagenetic processes affect the textural properties of Hartha Formation microfacies. They include dolomitization, cementation, compaction, and fracturing