Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

Palynomorphs were efficientlyseparatedfrom paleogene rock samples usingHCl/HFmineral acids to digestcarbonaceoussilicatesofinorganicsedimentaryrocksmatrixtoextractthepalynomorphsindividually usingcellosizesolution,then fixeduponmicroscopeglassslidesfor visual opticaltest .The traditional procedure was developed by the control of acid concentrations, residence time as well as the use of ultra sonic bath to obtain wellstructured structures useful for visual optical tests. The data of analytical chemical analysis (TOC%, S2, HI and vitrinite scale) for source rocks confirm the accuracy of the modified procedure to predict H.C. product of the well whether its oil or oil/gas prone

Natural plant Dandelion Taraxacum officinalehave been used as a phytomedicine, in this study, the chemical components of the Dandelion Taraxacum officinaleleaves in watery and alcoholic extracts were identified.The results showed that watery extract wasalkaline (presence of alkaloids) while the alcoholic extract was acidic inthesecontained: glycosides, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids and proteins, while the saponins and resins were not found. The result also showed thathigh concentrations of the following trace elements were found in the leaves(K ,Ca , Na ,Fe)with 185.1, 22, 19.5, 11.2 ppm, respectively and low concentrations of (Zn, Cd, Cu)with 6.3, 1.3, 0.2 ppm, respectively.The effect of these extracts on the different microorganisms were studied.It has been found that the concentration 0.5 mg/ml was effective on the inhibition of the growth of the intended bacteria (for both extracts) especially Gram positive,Staphylococcus aureus and the alcoholic extracts with concentration 0.5 mg/ml was more effectiveon the Gram negative,E.coli,than the watery extract, while less than 0.1 mg/ml failed to inhibit any microorganisms. The High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)was used to identify some flavonoids as compared to standard one; the analysis showed that both kaempferoland morin were absent

Adipose tissueis increasingly recognized as a key regulator of energy balance,playing an active role in lipid storage and buffering,and synthesizing and secreting a wide range of endocrineproducts that may be directly involved in the pathogenesisof the complications associated with obesity the most important adiposcyte deviated hormone is adiponectin.Insulin is a hormonethat is central to regulating the energy and glucose metabolism in the body.Troponin is a complex of three regulatory proteins that is integral to muscle contractionin skeletaland cardiac muscle.This study was conducted during the period from Decenber2009 to April 2010, includes fifty patients with Acut Myocardial Infarction (AMI) were admitted to Cardiac CareUnit (CCU) at Medical City Teaching Hospital and Ibn –ALbetar Hospital in Baghdad. Levels of adiponectin,insulin and troponin were measured by ELISA method.The levels of adiponectin, insulinand troponinwere significantly elevated with (p<0.001), A negatively significant correlationbetween adiponectinwith insulin and troponinin acute myocardial infarctionpatients was found.Adiponectinwas negatively associatedwith insulinin patients with AMI

Some metal ions (Mn+2,Fe+2,Co+2,Cu+2,Zn+2,Cd+2and Hg+2) Complexes ofsalicylic acid (SA) and Pyridine (Py) were Synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis FT-IR and uv-Visible Spectra and conductive measurements From the results obtained, the following general formula aregiven for the prepared complexes [M+n(SA)2(Py)2].XH2O, where M+nMn+2,Fe+2,Co+2,Cu+2,Zn+2,Cd+2,Hg+2), n2,X0,0,6,0,5,6,6; (SA)ligand ion (Salicylato), (Py)Pyridine

A new neutral bidentate schiff base mixed ligand metal ions complexes of the composition, [ML1L](NO3)2where M=Co(II),Ni(II), Cu(II),Zn(II) and Cd(II) L1=(4-nitro benzylidene)-urea amine,L=La,Lbligands derived from thiosemicarbazone and 4-chlorobenzaldehyde or 4-bromobenzaldehyde were synthesis and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and 1HNMR spectral studies .The conductivity measurements of cobalt(II),nickel(II),and copper(II) complexes were suggested to have a tetrahedral geometry,but Zn(II) and Cd (II) complexes were suggested to has square planner. The structural geometries of compounds were also suggested in gas phase by theoretical treatments, using Hyper chem-6 program for themolecular mechanics and semi-empirical calculations, an addition heat of formation(∆Hf◦) and binding energy (∆Eb)for the free ligands and it’s metal complexes were calculated by using PM3 method .PM3 was used to evaluate the vibration spectra of Schiff bases and compare the theoretically calculated wave numbers with experimental values ,the theoretically obtained frequencies agreed calculation helped to assign unambiguously the most diagnostic bands.The antimicrobial activities of the metal chelats against the bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcusaureuswere studied.

A high performance liquid chromatographic method wasused for the Separation and determination of a mixture of Azoxybenzene (diphenyldiazine-1-oxide) together with three of its derivatives; i.e. 4,'4-dinitroazoxy benzene; 4, '4-dichloroazoxybenzene and 4-chloro-'4-methoxyazoxybenzene.Chromatography was performed at 50C° using a mixture of methanol-water as a mobile phase. Thepercentage of methanol in this mixture was between (80-90)%. The precision was very high since the error in this study was less than (0.3%) because the relative error of percentage Erel% is between (0.28-0.65) and thedetection limit (DL) in this method was equal to (0.2) ng.

A series of Schiff's bases containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole (2,5-di(N-substitutedbenzylideneamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole) were prepared through the reaction of thiosemicarbazide with chloro cyanide. The product was directly reacted with benzaldehyde and substituted benzaldehydes. The synthetic compounds (0-10) were identified using the analytical and spectral means. The antioxidant properties were measured of the prepared compounds using the metal ions (Fe+3, Cu+2), and Ferrozine and 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (neocuproine). The results showed that the compound no. 5[2,5-di(N-(4-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole]reveals the highestantioxidantactivity through this work

The synthesis and characterization of new complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), andZn(II) with bidentate (N-4-methoxy phenyl) amino phenyl acetonitrile ligand which was prepared from benzaldehyde and 4-methoxy aniline in the presence of KCN and acidic medium have been described.The complexes were synthesized by treating an ethanolic solution oftheligand with appropriate amount of metal salts [1:2] [M:L] ratio. The complexes were characterized by metal and elemental analysis, infraredandelectronic spectra, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, and mole ratiomethod. According to obtained data the probable coordination geometries of Manganese, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, and Zinc in these complexes with N2-donorof ligandatoms are octahedral.All complexes were found to be non-electrolyte in absolute ethanol, and the complexes were formulated as [ML2Cl2].XH2O

Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) techniquesare proposed for qualitative analysis of lubricating oil additives (Hitec 2915).The additives were dissolved in heptanes, extracted with mixed solvents heptane: acetonitrile (3:2) and spotted on TLC paper. The best combination solvents as developerfor TLC analysis were carbon tetrachloride: heptanes (9:1) mixture. Each separated streak was scraped, redissolved in acetonitrile and evaporated to 0.5 ml volume then analyzed by GC-MS for identification.Fourteencompounds[2-Ethyl-1-hexanol;2-(t-butyl)-phenol; 2,4-bis-(t-butyl)-1-methoxy benzene;2,6-bis-(t-Butyl)-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione;2,4-bis-(t-Butyl)-phenol;3,5 -bis-(t-Butyl)-phenol;Decanoic acid methyl ester; Tridecanol;1,1-Diphenyl hydrazine;1,2-Benzene dicarboxylic acid dibutyle ester;S-Triazol 1, 5-A-pyridine 8-amino 2-phenyl;Phenol-2, 6-bis-(t-butyl); Phenol-2,5-bis-(t-butyl);Phenol -2,4,6-Tris-(t-butyl)]were identified in this study. The mass spectral data obtained for each separated compound were compared with the standard spectral data (library search similarity) of each compound

Viscosity and density measurements at concentration range (0.0040-0.1661mole/L) for the tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) solutions in methanol and ethanol at various temperatures (298.15, 303.15 and 308.15 K) are reported. The viscosity A and B coefficient was calculated from the Jones–Dole equation and found to be decreased from methanol to ethanol. The Gibbs free energy of viscons flow of (TBABr) solutions in methanol and ethanol we’re calculated from experimental viscosity measurements using Eyring equation. The apparent molal volumes for these solutions at different temperatures we’re also obtained from experimental density measurements

The objective of this cross sectional study was to assess the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) type2 on pituitary gland hormones (FSH and LH) in both men and women. This study comprised a total of (108) subjects out of which(50) were normal and the rest (58) were diabetic since more than 5 years. Fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, LH and FSH were measured in blood samples. The results obtained indicated a significant reduction of serum LH, FSH in women with DM comparison to non diabetics and a significant reduction of serum LH and FSH in men with DM comparison to non diabetics. Conclusion: the data from this study show reduction in serum FSH and LH of diabetic patients of both sex compared to healthy individuals

A dual drug ion selective electrode has been constructed for the first time, based on promethazine hydrochloride(PMH)andOxymetazoline hydrochloride (OMH) using phosphotungstic acid as ionophoreanddi-butyl phosphate (DBPH) as a plasticizer.The major objectiveis find a newpolyvinylcloridePVC matrix combination that allowstwoions or drugs to be tested within the same membrane and accounted as a modification for Moody and Thomastheory. Many combinations have beentested but the most successful one wasin electrode no. 2 with 1% of each active material. The resulting membrane gives a linear range (1x10-4-1x10-1) M with respect to (PMH) and (5x10-4-1x10-2) M with respect to (OMH). The slope for the linear range obtained was 57.68 and56.64 mV/decade with a correlation coefficient 0.9995 and0.9999 while the detection limit was 1x10-4 and3x10-4 M for the (PMH) and (OMH),respectively. The obtained results were very reliable compared with the original results obtainedfor single drug ion selective electrode.The pH effect was studied using different concentrations of the two active materials, and theinterferenceswerealso studied using separated solution method in the presence of (Li+1, Na+1, K+1, Ca+2, Mg+2, Zn+2, Fe+3, Al+3, and Cr+3) as interfering ions, given a remarkable results. The constructed electrode has been also successfully applied in the determination of sample usingdirect method, standard addition (SA) method, multi standard addition (MSA) method andprecipitation titration (PT) method.

Anew spectrophotometeric method for determination of ascorbic acid(A.A)in aqueoussolutions depending on its ability to reduce the colors of permanganate at (530nm) and dichromateat (350 nm). The optimum conditions such as best concentration of reactant andorder of addition were studied to getthe highest sensitivity (ε=2355.70 and 3094.75) L.mol-1.cm-1with wide rangeof calibration curves (1-16) and (2-90) ppmgood repeatability (RSD% 0.73 and 1.49), the recovery %(100.20 and99.42), Erel%(-0.20 and0.58) for gave, Pharmaceutically prepared tablets were measured with the new technique using Standard Addition Method given a very good recovery % (101.25and98.75) with a small Erel% (-1.25 and1.25)

n X-ray absorption experiment, the dependence of the photoelectric absorption cross-section varied with atomic number Z. In this paper, the dependence on Zof the cross –section or coefficient of photoelectric absorption is first evaluated from published data for (20) elements ranging from Al–Sn, and then the cross–section for Feis obtained experimentally by measuring the X-ray intensity with and without the Feabsorber and compared with the theoretical value, the variation of the photoelectric absorption coefficient (μ/ρm) showed less dependence on Zfor the two tested ofZregions. This is because of the inclusion of mass density (ρm) of the absorber in the coefficient. The values of m obtained in the present work increases linearly with energy for both ranges of elements

In this paper the color images with dim regions have been enhanced byusing modified histogram equalization (MHE) algorithm. This technique uses the lightness component in YIQ color space is transformed using sigmoid function, then the traditional histogram equalization (HE) method is applied on Y component. A relationship between the mean and the average of standard deviation for images have been done for images with dim regions and select regions in these images, as well the histogram to examine the efficiency of the work. The result of MHE method has been compared with the result of other method like Adaptive Integrated Neighborhood Dependent Approach for Nonlinear Enhancement of Color Images (AINDANE) and traditional histogram equalization algorithm. All algorithms has implemented using program (Matlab). The suggestion algorithm appeared good enhancement for both regions with moderate and low lightness (dim region) compared with others algorithms

This studyinvolves effect of aluminum coating by using different techniques (Aluminizing, Flame spraying, and Hot dipping) on corrosion behavior of stainless steel 316L in seawater. Cathodic and anodic regions are studied by using potentiostat to measure the corrosion parameters through Tafel method which include open circuit potential (Eocp), corrosion potential (Ecorr), and corrosion current density (icorr) in addition to calculation of coating corrosion rates (R). The results indicate that the corrosion rate forcoated specimens by aluminizing and flame spraying techniques were less than the values before coating but coating with hot dipping technique gives higher ratethan the non coated samples, where the results take the following sequence:Corrosioncoating sample < coating sample < coating sampleRate (μm/y)by using pack using flame spray using hot dippingcementation aluminizing The potentials with time wereinterpreted in order to study the evolution of the film chemistry as it came to equilibrium with solution where the results observed that the aluminum coating by aluminizing reaches to the steady –state faster than other samples. Also the galvanic current density with time were discussed where the results indicates, in general, the transients for specimens show an initial sharp decrease in galvanic current exhibited by all coated specimens followed by a more steady, but erratic decrease in the galvanic current

Background:Diabetes mellitus has a negative impact on the cardiovascular system; P-wave indices were considered to reflect the discontinuous and inhomogeneous propagation of sinus impulses and prolongation of atrial conduction time. Objectives:to know importance of P-wave indices and significant of its use for prediction and evaluation of diabetic complication in type 2 diabetics.Methods andResults:A case control study, Dec. 2011, on diabetics (n=88) and healthy relatives (n= 70) were conducted in the NDC. Comparing both groups for age, sex, restingheart rate and BMI revealed insignificant differences, P > 0.05. P-wave indices of diabetics shown absence of any correlationwith the age, duration of diabetes, FPG, BMI, resting heart rate and HDL; But, it shown weak correlation with HbA1c, Serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides and LDL. P-wave indices show significant higher values in diabetics than in healthy subjects, P < 0.05, except for the Pmin, P > 0.05.Conclusions:P-wave indices (Pmean, Pmax, and Pd) were significantly higher in diabetics than thehealthy individuals. P-wave indices ofdiabetics have no effect on gender, age and BMI; but, haveweak correlation with HbA1c, Serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides and LDL.Keywords:Type 2 diabetes mellitus, P-wave indices, atrial fibrillation.Abbreviations:ECG = electrocardiography, WHO = world health organization, IDF = international diabetes federation, NCEP/ATP III = National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III, NDC = national diabetes center, BMI = body mass index, AF =atrial fibrillation, Pd = P-wave dispersion, DM = diabetes mellitus, PAF = paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Psychomotor performance parameters reflectsthe psychomotor and cognitive functionin human being,these parameters includes TRT (total reaction time), RRT (recognition reaction time) and MRT (movement reaction time), also critical flickering fusion frequency (CFFF) which either ascending CFF or descending CFF.Vinpocetine drug is introduced in this study as single oral dose of 5mg and ten males medically students enrolled in this study, each subject do psychometric testing and after 2-3 hours of vinpocetine taken, the psychometric testing done.The results of this study showed significant effects (p<0.05) of this drug on TRT, RRT and descending CFFbut insignificant effect on (p>0.05) movement reaction time (MRT) and ascending CFF.These consequencesindicateapositive effectof vinpocetine on central nervous system but not on the peripheral nervous system

A total of 17 Escherichia coli isolates were collected from urine specimens of patients with urinary tract infection. Antibiotics sensitivity test indicated that amikacin followed by chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin are the most effective antibiotics.The isolates showed multidruge resistant, nine isolates were resistant to 11-15 antibiotics,3 were resistant to 16-20 antibiotics and 5 were resistant to 21-25 antibiotic. Two isolates were selected,the first (ED1)was resistant to (22) antibiotics while the second isolate (ED2) was resistant to(14) antibiotics (out of 25). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the black and green tea water boiled extracts were determined towards (ED1,ED2).Results showed that MIC of black tea extract was 150mg\ml (ED1) and 100mg\ml (ED2),and the MIC of thegreen tea extract was 275mg\ml (ED1) and 250mg\ml(ED2).The interaction of Sub-MIC of both extracts with antibiotics showed that black tea has synergetic effect with gentamycin, tobramycin, chloramphenicol and cefodizim, and antagonistic effect with: streptomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, kanamycin, piperacillin, cefepim, nalidixic acid, and azithromycin .Green tea has synergistic effect with : chroramphenicol, amoxicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and cefodizim and antagonistic effect with: amikacin, streptomysin, tobramycin gentamicin ,kanamycin, cefepim, azithromycin, piperacillin. This study suggests that a combination of black and green tea water extracts with some antibiotics in vitro has synergistic or antagonistic effect on urinary tract E.coli isolates

This study was designedto shed a light on the reproductive function inmen and women after successful kidney transplantation (KT). Forty five adult patients (25 men and 20 women) wereincluded; these patients met the inclusion criteria (serum creatinine ≤ 1.4 mg/dl;glomerular filtration rate(GFR)≥ 60 ml/min at least 3 months after KT).Twenty two healthyindividuals(12 men and 10women) were included as control group.Assessment of the renal function tests [blood urea, serum creatinine,and GFR] and determination of the levelof the reproductive hormones [luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), andprolactin(PRL) in men and women; and testosterone and 17-β-estradiol (E2) inthe men and the women, respectively] had been carried out.The correlation betweenlevel of these hormones and the renal function tests wasalso studied in the patients.The results oftherenal function tests showedthat patients had higher blood urea and serum creatinine than the controls, while GFR was lower in the patients as compared to controls.Regarding to the reproductive hormones, it was found there were no significant differences in levels of LH, FSHand testosterone between menpatients and mencontrols, while PRL was significantly(P<0.05)higher inthemale patients as compared tothemalecontrols.The results revealed that no significant differences in levels of LH, FSH and E2 between womenpatients and womencontrols, while PRL was significantly(P<0.01)higher in the female patientsthan the female control. When the correlation between the level of the reproductive hormones and the renal function testswas studiedin men and women kidney transplanted patients,thefindings showed that a significant negative correlation (r=-0.48,P<0.05)and a highly significant negative correlation(r=-0.74, p<0.01)were found between levels of FSH and serum creatinine in men and women patients, respectively. While a significant positive correlation was found between levels of PRL and blood urea in each of men(r=0.48, P<0.05)and women(r=0.49, P<0.05)patients.

This study was conducted with the aim to extract and purify the essential oil containing terpenes from the dried seeds of nutmeg myristica fragransavailable in Iraqi markets.The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation method with a yield of 4.7 –7.5 gm / 100 gm,and the resultant oil wassubjected to sensory and physical evaluation. It has a special spicy odor, slightly pungent taste, colorless to pale yellow in color, not dissolved in water but dissolved in organic solvents like ethanol, hexane, chloroform and ether. The specific gravity, refractive index and optical rotation were (0.890 gm / ml), (1.4822) and (+22 ̊),respectively.Gas chromatography is used for the quality and quantity evaluation of the essential oil constituents which revealed the presence of 49 volatile compounds.The methanolic extract obtained by reflux the seedspowderwith 70% methanol in soxhlet apparatus and yield 12.8%. The extract was subjected to phytochemical detection which confirms the presense of alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and resins, with the exception of saponins and coumarines which gave negative tests.Myristicin was purified from the methanolic extract of nutmeg dried seeds, which were detected in the essential oil by TLC and vanillin-H2SO4 reagent. The purified myristicin was obtained after the application of adsorption chromatography on silica gel column and detected on T.L.C. plate with standard myristicin.Both the essential oil and purified myristicin were subjected togas chromatography which showed the presence of myristicin in the oil in a concentration of 6%

The effect of daily oral doses of green tea water extract for 4 weeks on body weight, plasma glucose level, kidney functions in alloxan-induced diabetic rats wasinvestigated. Forty adult male albino rats (150 -160 g) was divided into 4 experimental groups: The first group was considered as control group. The second group was treated with water extract of the green tea (200 mg/kg b.w).The third group was infected by induction of experimental diabetes by intraperitonial injection of (150 mg/kg b.w) alloxan, and the fourth group was infected by induction diabetes and treated with green tea extract. Different physiological parameters were performed including recording of the body weight and measuring blood sugar, creatinine and urea levels. Body weight loses, plasma glucose, creatinine, and urea levels were significantly (p< 0.05) reduced in diabetic rats treated with green tea when compared with the diabetic rats.From these results,itcan be conclude that the consumption of green tea extract produced a significant reduction in glucose level in diabetic rats. In addition,it is capable of improving the impaired kidney functions in diabetic animals

In this paper, we study the approximation of continuous functions by using some types of Szasz-Mirakjan operators (modified Szasz-Mirakjan operator and modified mulit Szasz-Mirakjan operator) defined on some normed space

In this paper, we use the homotopy perturbation method for finding the solutions of the nonlocal problems that consist of the one-dimensional heat equation together with nonlocal conditions and the nonlocal problems that consist of theparabolic linear integro-differential equations together with nonlocal conditions. Also, some numerical examples are presented to explain the efficiency of this method. Moreover, some real life applications for the nonlocal problems are solved via this method

One of security interlocution is data encryption/decryption whenever data being sent over communication lines may be protected by encryptingthe message, that can be decrypted only by the authorized person receiving the message. In this paper a simpleand fastapproach is proposed to modify the key generation of Rijndael algorithm. The proposed approach uses randomize to generate a fixed keyenough for the block size and number of rounded.The proposed approachhas been implemented successfully in interlocutionsystemon different amount of ciphertext length.

This research, suggests a combination of digital representation and authentication methods to electronically transfer the typical paper-based bank cheque between banks over open and insecure computer networks like Internet. This proposed combination would be a sender –receiver protocol. At the sender side, a scanned colored image of the bank cheque would be transformed to a binary image, and a sequence of bits would be extracted from it and embedded back into it again as a content-dependent authentication signature (AS) which would be computed by using some image data and a secret key. At the receiver side, the AS would be extracted from the signed binary cheque image (the host image) in order to verify the cheque’s authenticity; and to locate any illegal alterations that may be done in the host image by malicious hackers during the transmission. Both AS extraction and embedding methods are blocks-based methods in order to locate the exact blocks where the undesirable modifications may be done in the host image. Some experimental results and mathematical metrics would be tested to demonstrate the validity of the suggested data hiding approach. The conclusions would show that this suggested approach can be used to electronically sign the binary cheque image without causing noticeable loss of its visual quality; and with much storage and band saving during the electronic transfer between the sender and the receiver.

The security model of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) relies on security through obscurity (STO). The later is a controversial principal in security engineering basedon the premise that security of an element or function can ensure security of the whole product. STO assumption breaks one of the basic requirements of cryptographicsystem (Kerckhoff’s assumption), which states that the security of the cryptographic system should lies solely on the key, and the algorithm should be assumed as publicly available. In this research, security through obscurity, Kerckhoff’s assumption and GSM encryption algorithm (A5) will be discussed. The target unknown encryption algorithm (A5) is constructed using a black-box approach with neuro-identifier and a set of input and output data only. The constructed algorithm then is tested and compared with actual unknown algorithm. The experimental results of the research demonstrate nearly complete similarities between both algorithms, which prove that a GSM security model cannot be secure through obscuring algorithms