Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

The thiazole derivatives were prepared by the reaction of benzaldehyde derivatives with (2-thiooxamide-5-(p-bromobenzene)-1,3-thiazole) that was readily prepared by heating dithiooxamide with 4-bromophenacylbromide. Within invitrostudy the the effect of the prepared compounds on the growth of two types of fungi geotrichum cadidumand Trichophytonrubrumand the bacteria Escherichia coli,pseudomonasaeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus, andKlebsiella pneumoniaewas evaluated. Incubation time and concentration were studied to find the optimal conditions for the activity. Compound II with the concentration 20 mg/ml found to be the most active compound toward geotrichumand Trichophytonrubrum. Statistical analysis of the values of colonial diameter shows low percentage error for the studied fungi withregard to incubation time

Problem statement:In Iraq like most third world countries, attempts to discovered a new antibiotic drugs derived from thiosemcarbazied and its metal complexes moreover develop the branch of applied in organic chemistry. Approach:New (Z)-2-(pyrrolidin-2-ylidene)hydrazinecarbo thioamide (L) was synthesized in a good yield by the reaction of pyrrolidone with thiosemicarbazide. Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes of (L) were prepared, and characterized by FT-IR, UV/visible spectra, 1HNR, and CHN analysis moreover charge, bond length, bond angle, twist angle, heat of formation and steric energy were calculate by using of ChemOffice program. The free ligand and its metal complexes were tested in vitroagainst a number of microorganisms (Staphylococcus aurous, E.coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella) in order to assess their antimicrobial properties. Results:The study indicates that these complexes have octahedral geometry, in addition it have highactivity against tested bacteria.Conclusion/Recommendations:Based on the reported results, it may be concluded that ligandact as bidentate uninegative ligand, coordinating through one of the nitrogen atom and the sulfur atoms

Aseriesofnewcyclicimides(3,4-dimethylmaleimides)and(1,8-naphthalimides)substitutedwith1,3,4-oxadiazoleringwerepreparedbyfollowingfourdifferentmethods.Thefirstoneinvolveddirectreactionof5-substituted–2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazolewith3,4-dimethylmaleicanhydrideundercertainconditionswhilethesecondmethodinvolvedreactionof5-subsitiuted-2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazolewith1,8-naphthalicanhydrideinthepresenceofglacialaceticacid.ThestrategyusedinperformingthethirdmethodbasedonGabrialsynthesisinvolvingtreatmentof5-substituted-2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazoleswithchloroacetylchloridetoafford2-(2-chloroacetylamino)-1,3,4-oxadiazoleswhichinturnwereusedsubsequentlyinreactionwith1,8-naphthalimideproducingthreenewN-(2-acetylamino-5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)-1,8-naphthalimides.ThestrategyusedinperformingthefourthmethodbasedonWilliamsonreactionincludingreactionoftheprepared2-(2-chloroacetylamino)-1,3,4-oxadiazoleswithN-(hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethylmaleimidestoaffordninenewN-[2-oxyacetamido-5-substituted1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl)phenyl]-3,4-dimethylmaleimides.Finallyantibacterialactivityofallthepreparednewcyclicimideswereevaluatedagainsttwotypesofbacteriaandtheresultsshowedthatmostofthenewimidesposseshighbiologicalactivityagainsttheseorganisms

The ketone 2-hydroxyacetophenone was treated with ammonia gas and hydroxylamine hydrochloride for the synthesis of its Schiff baseand oxime respectively.The twoligands wereused to synthesize Co(II),Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes.The ligandsand complexes have been characterized by IR and UV spectroscopy.Elemental analyses have been performed usingC.H.N.for ligands and atomic absorption technique for complexes.The limiting molar conductivity of [M(HANH)2] and [M(HAO)2] complexes in DMF and DMSO at different temperature was measured.The dissociation constant,thermodynamic parameters of dissociation (ΔG,ΔH and ΔS)and the activation energy of the transport process (Ea) were calculated and discussed.The results show that the dissociation constant values in DMFarelarger than that in DMSO. The dissociation process is endothermic for all complexes

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of reproductive women. The antioxidant (Vitamin E and Selenium) have important role in infertility and in PCOS.The aim of this study, to know the role of Vitamin E and Selenium during the phases of menstrual cycle and its effect on ovulation in (PCOS) patients and effect of body mass index in PCOS patients. This study, include 25 untreated and 26 treated PCOS patients comprised with 42 control. Vitamin E and selenium were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), respectively. Our results were observed vitamin E have significant(p<0.0005)between PCOS groups and controlin pre-ovulation period(11-15) days and Selenium have highly significant difference(p<0.000005)between PCOS groups and control in each phase of menstrual cycle. From these results, concluded that vitamin E have role in ovulationand Seleniumlowered significantly in untreated PCOS, suspecting presence of oxidative stress

New metal complexes of the ligand (Benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-acetic acid with the metal ionsFe(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Hg(II) and Cr(III) were prepared in alcoholic medium.The prepared complexes were characterized by FTIR Spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy, elemental analysis,1H NMR, 13C NMR, magnetic susceptibility. From the spectral measurements, monomer structures for the complexes were proposed

During this work, some new medical salbutamol,s derivatives were prepared, characterized and their biological activity was determined.A simple and efficient procedure for obtaining 4-(1-oxoacetyl-2-tert-butylaminoethyl)-6-methanolyl phenol 2(acetylated salbutamol 2)from a reaction between acetic anhydrideand 4-(1-hydroxy-2-tert-butylaminoethyl)-6-methanolyl phenol 1(salbutamol 1)in an acidic medium was reported.A coupling reaction between the diazonium salts of aniline derivatives with an acetylated salbutamol 2gave the new corresponding azo derivatives in the selective yields.These compounds were characterized by various physical techniques like:FTIR spectra, UV-Visible spectra, determinationof the total number of hydroxyl groups of an acetylated salbutamol 2, melting point and the evaluation of microbial activity in vitro against Gram +Ve, Gram −Ve bacteria and fungi.A potent antibacterial activity was noticed only for the following compounds:2-(2′,4′-Dichloroazophenyl)-4-(1-oxoacetyl-2′′-tert-butylaminoethyl)-6-methanolyl phenol3.2-(2′,3-Dimethylazophenyl)-4-(1-oxoacetyl-2′′-tert-butylaminoethyl)-6-methanolyl phenol5.2-(5-Mercapto-1′,3,4′-thiadiazol-2′-azoyl)-4-(1-oxoacetyl-2′′-tert-butylaminoethyl)-6-methanolyl phenol6

The SN2 reaction of nonyl bromide with sodium azide in DMF afforded Nonyl azide (1).D-galactose has been protected by acetone in acidic medium gave 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galactose(2). Williamson etherfication of (2) with propargyl bromide and sodium hydroxide yielded 6-O-(2-Propynyl)-1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galactose(3). [2+3] Cycloaddition of (3) to nonyl azide using Click conditions afforded1-Nonyl-4-[(6-deoxy-1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galactose-6-yl)oxymethyl]1H-1,2,3-triazole(4). All prepared compounds have been characterized by FT-IR ,1H NMR and 13CNMR

The analysis, design, simulation and evaluation of2nd, 3rdand 4thorder ΣΔ modulator and loop filter respectively are discussed, in this paper, to show their impact on the performance of fractional-N PLL-FS for GSM system. All simulation results show that the system is stable. The resulting settling time, spurious level and phase noise at 20 MHz offset frequency of this synthesizer for 2nd, 3rdand 4thorder ΣΔ modulator and loop filter respectively are 2.92 μs, -35 dBc, -164 dBc/Hz, 3.28 μs, -64 dBc, -186 dBc/Hz, 3.38 μs, -79 dBc and -190 dBc/Hz for 2nd, 3rdand 4thorder respectively. These results show the improvement in the spurious level and phase noise by -19 dBc,-31 dBc/Hz for 3rdorder system and -34 dBc, -35 dBc/Hz for 4thorder system respectively compared to the published work. CppSim program and Matlab (R2007a) are used for the simulation of ΣΔ fractional-N PLL-FS

The present investigation provides experimental results of corrosion performance in simulated body fluid of Ti-20Co medical alloy coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) and Partially Stabilized Zirconia (PSZ) composite layer by electrphoretic deposition (EPD) technique. A three mixing ratios of HA and PSZ powders (namely 90%HA+10%PSZ, 66%HA+34%PSZ and 25%HA+75%PSZ) were electrophoretically deposited on the surface of a Ti-20Co substrates. Post heat treatment at 800Coin inert environment was performed to improve the adhesion strength of the coated layers. The coated samples were subjected to electrochemical study in artificial saliva (Modified Carter's solution) and simulated blood plasma in order to determine the optimum coating conditions that can give corrosion resistance in simulated body fluid condition. The influence of mixing ratios and deposition thickness on the corrosion performance of the alloy are discussed in details based on the Open Circuit Potential (OCP), corrosion potential and corrosion rate using potentiodynamic polarization. Results showed that the coating efficiency is highly depending on parameters like composition, coating thickness, layer porosity and adhesion to substrate. The corrosion aspects resulting from various deposition thicknesses are discussed in details

In this paper, The coding performance of the VQ method (which is suggested to code the output bit-map produced from the AMBTC technique) will be improved by finding an adaptive method forbinary codebook designation which is totally depends on an individual local original image statistics; thatis generate a new codebook for each individual coded binary image (bit-map). An application of thiscoding methodis that performed on digital video image sequence.In this paper, we have introduced anew calibration (i.e. adaptive bit-map correlation (ρ)) which must distinguish between the decoding bit-map using VQ technique and the original bit-map (the output from the AMBTC method). From the experimental resultsaffixed binary codebook of size 64 code words, utilizing block of size 4x4,the expected rate will be fall from 2 b/p into1.375 b/p

This search discusses the simulated and design of the battery model. The simulated is carried out using Personal Simulation Program for Integrated Circuits Emphasis PSPICE software for the complete model in order to get the results for the proposed battery model. The PSPICE lead acid battery model is consists of the charge efficiency and Battery voltage components. Details are also given to the method of measuring the charge efficiency then the battery model will be tested as input source to the bidirectional Buck-Boost converter to verify its validity

In this study, torsion test was performed in order to examine the mechanical behaviors of epoxy and an epoxy reinforced by two types of glass fibers (chopped and yarn) composite rod. The stress-strain curves were constituted and examined in order to show the elastic and plastic regions, the yield point was 23.226oand 34.837oangle of twist for epoxy and epoxy /fibers respectively which is the same for both chopped and yarn glass fibers epoxy,from this test it was found that the epoxy rod initially yielded first,the cracks propagation in composite rod along the fibers direction, which caused eventually the delimitation of composite chopped and yarn glass fibers from the epoxy matrix. Then the white regions appear in composite rod and finally the fiber breakage and the catastrophic failure took place

The purpose of this study is to improve the efficiency of solar cells composed of silicon single crystal. The silicon crystal was subjected to pulsed laser of wave length (1.06μm) type Nd –Glass under the condition of darkness and illumination.Electrical properties (I-V) of the irradiated solar cells were studied. The results revealed that the efficiency of some cells is increased after directly irradiatedtill arrival to steady state. On the other hand some of other cells suffer’s reducing in its efficiency after irradiated till arrival to steady state

This study was carried out to induce variations in tissue cultures of tomato (LycopersiconesculentumMill.) by using physical (gamma radiation) and chemical (sodium azide) mutagens. Different plant growth regulators were tested for their potentials in callus induction, and shoot and root formation. Callus initiation on hypocotyl explants was achieved on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and 0.5 mg/l 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP). Shoot regeneration was performed using hypocotyl explants cultured on MS medium containing 0.8 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 2.0 mg/l BAP. Rooting was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 0.4 mg/l IAA. Callus cultures and seedlings were irradiated with gamma radiation at six doses 5, 15, 25, 35, 45 or 55 mGy from 137Cs source, or treated with sodium azide(SA) at four concentrations 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 mM for 1, 3 or 6 hours. Callus fresh weights were increased after irradiation with 25 mGy gamma rays and treatment with (0.5 or 3.0) mM SA for 1 hour. Shoot regeneration was observed in all irradiated hypocotyl explants. Shoot regeneration at (15 and35) mGy was similar to the control. Root formation was observed on hypocotyls irradiated with low doses (5 or 15) mGy only, while SA inhibited shoot and root regeneration. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was performed todetect genetic mutation in extracted DNA samples. DNA was extracted from mother plant, callus tissue, irradiated calli with 15 or 45 mGy of gamma ray and calli treated with 0.5 and 3 mM SA. Twelve arbitrary 10-mer primers were used of which eight primers gave amplificationproducts. The total number of amplification products was 27 bands, of which 22 bands were monomorphic bands which indicates the presence of genetic mutations. One of these primers, C-02, revealed polymorphism in callus tissues treated with 45 mGy of gammaradiation, 0.5 and 3.0 mM SA. Others primers, C-08 and C-09, revealed polymorphisms in irradiated callus tissues with 15 mGy gamma radiation. RAPD was found to be effective technique to detect genetic mutations in callus tissue

This investigation was designed to determine the occurrence of intestinal parasites in Lactucasativafrom November 2008 to April 2009 from Baghdad markets as a primary effort in Iraq. Twelve genera and species of intestinal parasitesappear in lactuca were as follow: Toxocara canis53.3%, Echinococcus sp. 41.6%, Hymenolepis sp.26.6%,Ascaris lumbricoides20%, Anoplocephala sp.15%,Strongyloides stercoralis 15%, Parascaris equorum 13.3%, Taenia sp.11.6%, Toxocara vitulorum 8.3%, Strongyloides westeri 6.6%, Ancylostoma duodenale 5%, Stongylus sp.5%. Unfortunately, the scarcity of fresh water has meant that urban gardeners are increasingly irrigating their plots with wastewater. This poses a threat to public health. The high rate of eggs in lactuca was recoded at April 60% temperatures between (30-31c◦) that mean this Optimum Temperatures for eggs; the law rate off eggs at January 13.3% temperature between (1-10c◦); low temperatures inhibit complete development of the cells inside the eggs

In this paper, we propose mathematical framework “Fuzzy three-valued measure and logical fuzzy integral” based on the three-valued logic. Then, we establish a simple model for representing quantum states and vagueness in transmission caused by noise, and we apply the proposed mathematical framework as a logical method to estimate reliability of quantum communication channels approximately

In this paper we introduce new type of functions called pre-proper functions as generalization of proper functions.Also, we study the characterizations and basic properties of pre-proper and pre-closed functions. Moreover we study the relation between the pre-proper functions and each of proper functions, pre-closed functions and closed functions respectively and we give an example when the converse may not be true

LetR be an associative ring with identity and M a non-zero unitary R-module.Weintroducetheconcept of (M)–Supplement Submodule that if A,B≤Mand M=A+B then B is called(M) –supplement of A if AB≤(B)We give someproperties of this kind of module

In this paper we use a modified algorithm of the ant system optimization (ASO) to solve the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP),i.e.,finding the (approximate) optimum routes, the main modifications consist of, (1) Adding pheromone to the best three routes found by the ants instead of adding pheromone to the global best route only, (2) Introducing the concept of probability of stagnation which represent the probability of having the previous solution in the next iteration, (3) Adding a local optimizer to improve the global best routes found by artificial ants. We test our modified algorithm on some benchmark problems that have been also tested by other ant colony optimization (ACO) metaheuristics, our results was best in the sense that it is closer to the known optimum routes for these benchmark problems except one problem

In this paper, a multi-spectral satellite image of known training areas taken in six bands is used. The adopted classification method suggests transforming the six bands into new six other bands using KL transform. The informationof the image is redistributed to be concentrated in the first transformed band, the information is decreases gradually in the remaining bands. Thus, the first three transformed bands that carried most of image features can only be used to achieve more accurate classification. The first chosen band was partitioned into blocks by quadtree method. Then the most popular fractal feature namely lacunarity was estimated for each block to classify them. The results showed six classes, which were greatly identifying the training areas existing in the image. The classification score was found about 91% when the contribution weight of the first band is 90%. This score increases lightly by increasing the weight of contributing the first band

In this paper a simple, fast, and accurate method is proposed to localize the pupil. After analyzing eye images and their histograms, it has been found that the pupil area takes about 10% of the eye image area and mainly it is the darkest part. A threshold value was computed from the histogram of the image, the computed threshold is used to convert the eye image to binary image, the seed fill algorithm was used as region growing method to segment the binary image and locate the pupil as the maximum segment, then fill it with black color to remove any specular spot reflection. A circle fitting algorithm is used to locate the best pupil circle. The conducted test on the proposed system using 10 eye images, downloaded from CASIA-IRISV3-Interval database, indicated that the pupil area average error ratio is 0.6%, the pupil center average position error is 0.5%, and the pupil radius average error ratio is 2.1%

With the fast progress of electronic data exchange, information security was become more important in data storage and transmission. And because of widely use of images in industrial process, it is important to protect the confidential image data from unauthorized access. In this paper, a proposed seed was generate as a key to a Linear Feed Back Shift Register(LFBSR)which applied on the RGB color image (Bmp image) with random keys=2100. The performance of this algorithm has been implemented on two types of Bmp image, the 8-bit Bmp image (palletized image) and 24-bit Bmp image