Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

Eight new Schiff's bases were prepared in three steps. The first step includes synthesis of phthalamic acid from the reaction between phthalic anhydride with p-amino acetophenone which in turn fused in the second step to form the corresponding phthalimide. The third step involved condensation of the prepared phthalimide with different primary aromatic amines to form new Schiff's bases. These compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Most of the synthesized compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial activities by using agar cup plate method against two types of bacteria .The results showed that the new Schiff's bases exhibit good to moderate antibacterial activity

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in pure form and pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed method is based on the diazotization reaction of SMZ with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid medium to form diazonium salt, which is coupled with 1-naphthol in sodium hydroxide medium to form azo dye, showing absorption maxima at 525 nm. Linearity was observed from 2–14 μg mL-1 SMZ. Statistical analysis of the results and comparison with results by Bratton-Marshall’s method are also reported

In this study the relation between uric acid and leptin hormone with its ratio, was investigated among sample of Iraqi diabetic patients. A case control study conducted in the National Diabetes Center, College of Medicine at Al-Mustansiryia University in Baghdad-Iraq. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar, leptin and uric acid were measured. One hundred forty patients with DM was inhered in this study, and 100 subjects were healthy as a control revealed a highly significant increasing in serum (FBS), HbA1c, body mass index (BMI), Leptin and uric acid of diabetes patients than in healthy subjects(p < 0.0001). While the ratio of glucose /leptin of diabetes patients was highly significant decrease compare to healthy subjects.As well as the present study indicate a positive relation between serum uric acid with HbA1c of diabetes mellitus patients and uric acid with leptin diabetes mellitus patients ((p < 0.0001)

1,2-disubstituted-3-(pyrimidine-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3-diazepine-4,7-dionewere prepared from 2-amino pyrimidine via few steps were found to be useful synthesis for fully unsaturatedmonocyclic seven-memberedheterocyclicring.In this worktheSchiffbases(1-3)wasprepared fromcondensation 2-amino pyimidine with ketonesand aldehydes,and then converted into 1,3-oxazepine derivatives(4-6) frommaleic anhydride in dry dioxane.Treatment of(4-6) withdifferentaminescompounds(hydrazine,4-amino antipyrine,thiosemicarbazide, and 2-aminothiazole)gave the corresponding 1,3-diazepine derivatives)7-18)..Characterization of 1, 3-diazepine derivatives determined by physical properties and chemical structure confirmed by1HNMR and FTIR techniques

New metal complexes of the ligand 2-thioaceticacid-5-Pyridyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (HL) with the metal ions Ni (II) Cu(II) Co(II) and Fe (III)were prepared in alcoholic medium, the preparedcomplexes were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy,electronic spectroscopy,elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility,conductivity measurements and CHNO and S analysis. From the Spectral measurements, monomerand octahedralstructures for the complexes were proposed

The Nucleon Momentum Distributions (NMD) and elastic electron scattering form factors of the ground state for 1p-shell nuclei with Z=N (such as 6Li, 10B, 12C and 14N nuclei ) have been calculated in the framework of the Coherent Density Fluctuation Model (CDFM) and expressed interms of the weight function 2)(xf. The weight function has been expressed in terms of the Nucleon Density Distributions (NDD) of the nuclei and determined from theory and experiment. The feature of the long-tail behavior at high momentum region of the NMD’s has been obtained by both the theoretical and experimental weight functions. The experimental form factors )(qFof all considered nuclei are very well reproduced by the present calculations throughout all values of momentum transfer q. It is found that the contributions of the quadrupole form factors )(2qFCin 10B and 14N nuclei, which are described by the undeformed p-shell model, are essential in obtaining a remarkable agreement between the theoretical and experimental form factors

Hand-lay up method was used to prepare epoxy (EP)–chopped rock wool composites.The dynamical properties for EP/chopped rock wool composites with different weight percentage of chopped rock wool (2.5,3.5,5,7.5, and 10 wt %) had been studied by using ultrasonic test method (direct method).Ultrasonictestas a non destructive testing become widely used in industry and reliable measurements,ultrasonic is the study of sound waves of frequencies higher than the upper hearing limit of the human ear (frequency region above 20 kHZ).A local apparatus according to ASTM C167-82 was prepared to measure the thickness for loose materialsto calculate the density of materials like rock wool.A new sonic viewer device was used to measurethe average times of compressional and shear waves(Tp,Ts) respectivelywhichare transit through the composites to calculate their velocities (Vp,Vs)in order to calculate the dynamic elastic moduli such as Poisson ratio (μ), Shear modulus(G), Modulus of elasticity (E), Bulk modulus (B), and other parameters such as acoustic impedance (Z)for all composites.It was shown that randomvalues of compressional velocity (Vp)were observed for EP/chopped rock wool compositesdue to random distribution of chopped rock woolwhich could be as a results of weak interface bond between EPand chopped rock wool. Shear velocity (Vs)values are decreasedwith increasing weight percentage of choppedrock woolandless than Vpvaluesdue tothe particles ofmaterialarevibratingperpendicular to the direction ofshear waves propagation. Slight variation ofpoisson ratioμ, and bulk modulus Bfor all compositeswith increasing weight percentage ofchoppedrock wool. Largervariationof shear modulus G, and modulus of elasticity E values for EP/chopped rock wool composites due to defects such as voids and weak interface bond,Gvaluesdecreasewith increasing weight percentage of rock woolasa result of decreasing shear velocityvalues.Almost similar values of acoustic impedance Z are observed and lie between 3.57 to 3.93×106kg/m2secfor allcomposites

The aim of the current study is the investigation of mechanical behaviorof thermoplastic material type (U-PVC) which may be subjected to effect of some mechanical stresses, because these materials are manufactured to use as drinking water, rainwater and heavy water pipelines.Some tests were carried out on it, included:The (impact, modulus of elasticity(bending), flexural and compression)tests. These tests were performed to determine the ability of the material under study for these stresses.The results which obtained from these tests at natural environments were analyzed and compared with other materials which were used in presentstudies.These results showed that (Unplasticised PVC, (U-PVC)) material has high impact strength at these ambient, but obviously that there is great effect of notches on this property, as well as that the flexural strength and its ability for sustaining the compression failure isconsidered suitable if itscompared with other materials

The graded band gapAlxGa1-xAs/GaAssolar cell model has been proposed. This model consists of graded compositions material in the surface layer extending from y=0 to y=D, and uniform band gap from y=D to y=L.The model simulates the absorption, generation, current density, spectral response and the solar efficiency generated from the solar spectrum. These photovoltaic parameters have been calculated by a GRAD computer program. Electric field, mobility and diffusion length of holes gradient are assumedconstant in the model to get an analytical solutions. The photovoltaic parameters, obtained from the model, are Jsc =33 mA/cm2, Voc= .91 V, FF= .87 and η= 31 %. The conversion efficiency isconsidered highas compared with other similar models

The plasma parameters which have been studied were electron density, Debye shielding, plasma oscillation and electron temperature. The parameters measured by using single probe in glow discharge at different pressure and different gases (air and Argon). The results show that, the density of free electrons is inversely proportional with the pressure because of the recombination process which increases with pressure increasing. Also Debye length decreases when pressure increases and plasma oscillation inversely proportional with the pressure. Finely, the current density in a positive bias voltage applied on the probe was larger than the current density and vice versa.

This work studies the electrical properties for pure epoxy (EP), and epoxy with (20%,30%,40% and 50%)aluminum powder composites. The electrical conductivity [σ(w)a.c] for these materials have been measured over the frequency range (102-106)Hz at room temperature. It is found the A.C conductivity increased when increased the concentration of aluminum. It is found for all samples, the curves for real part of dielectric constant (ε)and dissipation factor (tanδ). The dielectric constantincreased smoothly with an increase in the concentration of aluminumit wasattributed to interfacial polarizationand decrease with increased frequency. In general, dissipation factor values for composites with higher concentrations of aluminum were greater than those with lower volume content of aluminum. Also, the dissipation factor showed an increase with a decrease in frequency. It was found that a.c electrical conductivity increases with increasing frequency according to the relation σ(ω)=Awshas been observed , with values of exponent (s)less than unity for all samples and decrease with the increase of frequency and lie between (0.3 to 0.6) unit . Also, it was found that the correlated barrier hopping (CBH)is the dominant conductionmechanism

In this work we determine an optimum set of intensity parameters ()()tΩ by using the standard least-square fitting. The values of radiative transition probability (radA), radiative lifetime (cradt) and emission branching ratio coefficient (rβ) have been determined for the major excited state .The present work focuses on the absorption bands at 530.81 nm wavelength for the active medium, which coincidences with the emission spectrum of the diode laser which is commonly used to pump the solid state laser

This study was performed in Al-Masehb Marsh, Southern Iraq after its restoration processes during 2007, seasonally. Hydrilla verticillata was identified for the first time in this marsh, then its standing crop biomass and vegetation cover percentage were studied. In addition to some physical and chemical water properties. Whereas, its standing crop biomass was with its peak in summer, its value was 213.5 gm/m2, while the lowest value was 42.7 gm/m2in winter. Also, the vegetation cover percentage was with its peak in summer, its value was 80 %, while the lowest value was 20 % in winter. T-test program was applied to study the significant differences in the growth between seasons at significance levels (P-value < 0.01) and (P-value < 0.05). Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient (r) was doneto study the relationships between the growth and the studied environmental variables. Statistically, significant differences were shown in the growth between some seasons (winter and summer, winter and autumn, spring and summer; thus spring and autumn). Positive relationships for water temperature and salinity with the growth were observed, while negative relationships were observed for water depth, calcium, magnesium, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate withHydrilla verticillata growth

Epidermin of local Staphylococcus epidermidisisolate was tested individually and in combination with some agents(that used in treatment of wounds and burns)against pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureusand Escherichia coli), by using agar spot method , and agar diffusion method respictivelly . Results showed that, S. epidermidisisolate had the ability to produced epidermin andantibacterial activity toward S. aureus, whereas E. coliwas not inhibited. Results of synergestic effect of pure epidermin with some agents, showed that, Samacyclin(with and without epidermin) was the most effective agent, Nifusin was the second and Silverin, acetic acid (6%) and iodine (10%) was the least effective agents

The yield of phenolic acids; rosmarinic acid (RA), caffeic acid (CAF) and phenolic diterpenes; carnosic acid (CA), carnosol (CAR), rosmanol (ROL) from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) was investigated. Aqueous extraction was conducted for leaf and callus tissues, the chemical analysis for extracts was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data showed that RA and CAF production was 4.5, 2.7 μg/ml respectively. CA and CAR production reached 3.3, 2.8 μg/ml when the fungal elicitor; Fusarium oxysporum was added at the concentration 2.0 mg/l (2×104CFU/ml), except ROL which was found at high levels (4.3, 4.2 and 4.6 μg/ml) only from leaf extracts, untreated callus and when callus treated with 0.4 mg/l of CaCl2respectively

The mutant strain of Rugamonas rubraRR62 produces a novel maroon pigment after cultivation in casein-enriched medium for 48h at 30ºC. The pigment was extracted by acidified methanol and subsequently purified by centrifugation. The partial purified compound was identified using UV–spectrometer. The UV–visible spectrum showed a maximum absorption peak at 500nm. This study was conducted to detect the cytotoxic effects of the maroon pigmenton two types of cancer cell lines, Hep–2 and AMN–3, using a cell proliferation assay. The growth of Hep–2 and AMN–3 were significantly (P≤0.05) blocked at high concentrations of pigment and after increasing time of exposure; the inhibition rate was 90 and 91%, respectively. Whereas, no toxic effects were observed, on both models of cell lines, at low concentrations. In addition, the maroon pigment induced apoptosis. The high concentrations of pigment (125 and 31.25μg/ml) was significantly (p≤0.05) increased the percentage of fragmented DNA of Hep–2 and AMN–3(78.4% and 75% respectively)

The study is aimed to introduce a procedure that mimic the adherence of microorganisms to the plastic tube and to assess the suitable solution to irrigate these microorganisms.Candida albicansbroth was inoculated into a 30 cm plastic tube for a certain period of time to allow the adherence of microorganism to the inner surface of tube. Tubes were irrigated with distilled water, tap wateror different concentrations of sodium chloride(0.1-0.9%). The results showed that the percentage of Candida albicans which adhered to the inner surface of tube ranged between 0.27% and 30% of the initial inoculum. Tap water was superior than distilled water in removing the adherent Candida. Sodium chloride in concentrations 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% completely removed the attached Candida while the other concentrations showed inconsistent results. It concludes that irrigation with water or certain sodium chloride concentrations, which interfere with the fluidity of Candida albicans,is the simple and best method to eliminate the adherent microorganisms

In this paper we introduce the notion of weakly prime (weakly semiprime) fuzzy ideals of fuzzy ring as a generalization of weakly prime (weakly semiprime) ideals. We investiagate several characterizations and properties of these concepts

In this paper, the semi-generalized closed maps (sg-closed maps) and generalized semi-closed maps (gs-closed maps) are studied and some results are presented and proved including the study of some of their basic properties which are related to such type of mappings. Also, a study of s-normal spaces and s-regular spaces is given using its relationships with sg-closed and gs-closed mappings

In this paper, we define another types of Compactness on bitopological spaces, namely “N-C-Compactness”, “S-C-Compactness” and “pair-wise C-Compactness”, and we review some remarks,propositions and examples are also reviewed about these types.Also, we discussed the relationships among them.

Taketa shows that all monomial groups (commonly written as M-groups) are solvable. Gajendragadkar gives the notion of π-factorable character. We show that an irreducible character of an M-group is primitive if it is π-factorable. Issacs proves that product of two monomial characters is a monomial. We extend this fact to include any finite number of monomial characters consequently we prove that any product of finite number of M-groups is an M-group. We show that any group of order 45 is an M-group and for any group G, the factor group /GG′is an M-group

In this paper we use the homotopy analysis method to solve special types of the initial value problems that consist of multi-fractional order integro differential equation in which the fractional derivative and fractional integral in them are described in the Caputo sense and Riemann-Liouville sense respectively. Numerical examples are solved by using this method. These examples shows that high accuracy, simplicity and efficiency of this method

In this paper, we present an adapted method for solving systems of linear Volterra integral equations ofthe second kind. This method is based on the Simpson's rule. We used two numerical examples to show the accuracy and simple of our method by comparison with known methods