Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

Excess molar volumes and the deviations in molar refraction of the N-formylmorpholine (NFM) + methanol, methanol+benzene, NFM +benzene,NFM +toluene, methanol + toluene binary systems and also for the ternary systems of NFM + methanol + benzene and NFM + methanol + toluene have been determined at 298.15 K and at atmospheric pressure, by measuring densities and refractive indices over the entire range of composition. These derived data of binary and ternary mixtures were fitted to Redlich–Kister and Cibulka equations for the binary and ternary systems. The ternary data were also compared with the predicted values using the binary contribution models of Tsao-Smith, Kohler and Radojkovic

Promethazine hydrochloride selective electrodes were constructed based on promethazine-Molybdophosphoric acidion pair. Promethazine hydrochloride electrodes (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) using these plasticizers Di-butyl phthalate (DBPH); Di-octyl phthalate (DOP); Di-butylphosphate (DBP); Tri-butyl phosphate (TBP); ortho-nitro phenyl octyl ether (ONPOE) in PVC matrixrespectively.These electrodes give slopes (57.27, 54.08, 49.79, 46.76 and 44.52 mV/decade) and give linear ranges from (1×10-5-1×10-1, 1×10-4-1×10-1, 1×10-5-1×10-1, 5×10-4-1×10-1and 1×10-4-1×10-1M) respectively. The best detection limit was 6×10−6M for the electrode based on DBPH. The measurement interferences in the presence of (Na+, K+, Mn+2, Cu+2, Ca+2, Fe+3, Al+3, Paracetamol, sucrose and Galaten) were studied using separate and mixed methods for selectivity coefficient determination. The pHand life time of the electrodes were also studied. The results were compared with UV-spectrophotometer technique by using F-test

Densities (ρ) and Refractive Indices ηof Urea dissolved in aqueous solutions of Ammonium phosphate’s at 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15 K0. From these experimental data apparent molar volume (), limiting partial molar volume () and molar refraction Rm have been calculated we develop an expression we called it limited apparent molar refractivity () that we found it is give the same indication of () about solute-solvent interactions. The results are interpreted from the point of view of solute –solvent and solute –solute interactions in these systems. The results also show that the solvated Urea has the property of breaking structure of liquid water with increasing temperature with this range this result agree with meaning of () derivatives with respect to the temperature

The ligand of 2,2`−diamino–N–phenyl hydrazo benzene (L) has been prepared from the reaction of ortho amino hydrazo benzene with ortho amino phenyl thiol in mole ratio1:1and characterized by elemental analysis (C,H, N),IR,UV-Vis.The complexes ofbivalent (Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pd,Cd, Hg and Pb)ions and trivalent (Cr)ion have been prepared and characterized too.The structural diagnosis were established by IR, UV-Visible spectrum,Conductivities,atomic absorption and magneticsusceptibility.The complexes showed octahedral geometry around the metal ion withthe(N,N,N) ligand coordinated in tridentate mode except pd complex showed trigonal bibyramidal.α, kf,Єmax for the complexes were estimated too.βfor Co –complex was calculated.The study of biological activity of the ligand (L) and its complexes showed various activity toward Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus,E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans

This study includes design and synthesis of new non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAIDs) with expected cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibition to achieve better activity and low gastric side effects.Two mefenamic acid derivativeswere designed and synthesized as potential NSAIDs. In vivoacute anti-inflammatory effect of the synthesized agents (compound 2and 3) was evaluated in the rat using egg-white induced paw edema model of inflammation. Preliminary pharmacological study revealed that compound 2and 3 produced a significant reduction in paw edema with respect to the effect of propylene glycol 50%v/v (control group), moreover compound 2 exhibited comparable anti-inflammatory effect to that of aspirin after 120 and 210 minutes and compound 3 has less anti-inflammatory effect, which encourages the continuation of the search to identify their selectivity toward COX-2 isoenzymes

Densities (ρ) and viscosities (η) of caffeine citrate at different temperature (298.15, 303.15, 308.15) K have been measured from these experimental data, The apparent molar volumes (vφ) and limiting partial molar volumes (vφo), slope (vS), Gibbs free energy of activation for viscous flow of solution 1,2G∆and Jones-Doles A and B Coefficients were calculated, The results shows a strong ion-ion interactions and weak ion-solvent interactions and also indicate that caffeine citrate acts as structures maker in aqueous solution

Four new azo dyesL1, L2, L3andL4, were prepared by linking benzaldehyde p-aminobenzoylhydrazone(3),p-hydroxybenzaldehyde p-amino-benzoylhydrazone (4), naphthaldehyde p-aminobenzoylhydrazone(5)and p-methoxybenzaldehyde p-aminobenzoylhydrazone (6)to resorcinol and through diazo-coupling reactions. Mixed-ligand dinuclear complexes with general stoichiometry [Cu2L(amino antipy.)2]Cl2(11, 12, 13 and 14) was synthesedfrom azoligands and bidentate ligand (4-aminoantipyrine) with copper.The structures of both azo dyes and their complexes were identified by elemental analyses(C.H.N), FTIR, 1H-NMR, UV-Vis,atomic absorbtionand magnetic susceptibility

Four MRI images were taken from patients with proven brain tumour. Images were analysed for texture discrimination using the MaZda program. The aim of the analysis was to discriminate between the tumour tissue and the healthy tissue counterpart for each patient. Three regions of interest were taken for the tumour and another three were taken for healthy tissue. Results of these analyses have shown a significant difference between the two tissues, it has given Fisher coefficients between (138.5 and 547.5) and very low p value much lower than 0.01. It is thought to be that the effect may be mainly attributed to the possible necrotic tissue as well as the bulk of cells in the tumour which may have altered the blood perfusion influencing the MR signal

The effect of the angular velocity on the interference pattern of Mach-Zehnder interferometer by using Sagnac effect had been investigated in this study.This interference pattern was produced from the interference of the two laser beams propagated through the two arms of the interferometer.The two arms consist of optical fiber wounded in circular shape. Each laser beam propagates in opposite direction to the other. When the system was rotated, a time difference between these two laser beams was produced.Different angular velocities (1.5°/sec,3°/sec,4.5°/sec, and 6°/sec ),different diameters of turns (0.22m,0.4m,0.6m,and 0.75m) and different lengths of optical fiber (2.8m,12.8m) were used to study the effect of each on the number of fringes .It has been found that any increase in each of the angular velocity, length of optical fiber and diameter of turns leads to an increase of the number of fringes

Polycrystalline Alumina-doped Zinc Oxide (AZO) thin films on glass substrates have been deposited by pulsed laser deposition technique using pulsed Nd-YAG laser with wavelength (λ= 532 nm) and duration (7ns).The structural properties of these films were characterized as a function of Al2O3content (1w.t%, 3w.t%and 5w.t %)in the target at substrate temperatures (200°C and 400°C) and energy fluence (0.4 J/cm2). The X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) forthe films showed that the undoped and Al2O3-doped ZnO films exhibithexagonalwurtzitecrystal structure and high polycrystalline quality with a preferred orientation along (100) plane. The grain size increases as the Al2O3concentration increases to85.6nm.The surface morphology of the films obtained by scanning electron microscopy reveals that presenceof Al2O3content in the structure did affect the surface morphology of the films significantly

The technology of thermal plasma spray take an advanced position among different coating technologies, because of it`s allowing to use a wide range of engineering materials depending on it`s melting point,to get a super mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties in comparing with other thermal spray methods. So it is improves the properties of metals, ceramics, and plastics parts which are used in industry at all

In thisresearch, we study a.celectrical conductivity (σa.c (ω)) and dielectric properties (dielectric constant (έ), and dissipation factor (tanδ) ),with frequency change (102 -107Hz) for the epoxy resin and composites reinforced with chopped carbon fiber ,prepared by hand lay –up method (EP +5% CF), (EP +10% CF), (EP +15% CF), (EP +20% CF), Were measured electrical conductivity of epoxy andcomposites with frequency change and at room temperature the results showed a.c electrical conductivity dependence with frequency relationshipσ (ω)=Aωs to the values of the exponential factor (s)of less than one all samples, and adopted the theory of filtration for the interpretation of data conductivity for composites reinforced with carbon fibers was selected epoxy+20% C.F showed a higher electrical conductivity (13.6 * 10-7(ohm.cm)-1). The composites were immersed in water at room temperature for 6, 10,15,20,27 days.The results showed that the electrical conductivity of (σ (ω)) increasing with increasing weight gain(M%) due towaterabsorption.Itwas found that dielectric constant increases when the percentage moisture absorption increase, whereas dielectric constant (έ) is dependent on capacity of composite materials

This study deals to diffusion coating treatment "Cementation" with aluminum in order to study phases and some mechanical properties including Microhardness, Wear resistance, tensile strength and surface property indicating coating thickness layer. Low alloy steel was selected because it used widely in heat –exchangers and gas turbines so it facing a high mechanical pressures under oxidize and corrosive conditions. The specified specimens were treated with a different activator percent aluminizing pack (0,2,5%) of sodium chloride and under an inert atmosphere of argon gas flow ,to prevent the oxidation of treated samples ,results was illustrate successful of diffusion coating treatment to the all selected percent. That's a formation of a multi coating layer began from the surface layer ,transforming to interfacial layer and to a low matter diffusion layer , inspection show increment in microhardness values in surface diffusion coating layer ,and dropping towards core ,this was ensure the diffusion coating mechanism successful. Microstructure images of treated systems ensure the formation of diffusion coating layer in different thickness with activator percent, also an improvement in wear resistance occurred and attributed to creation of aluminum phases with a high hardness

Six stations along Tigris river in Baghdad region were chosen to collect and assess the Mn, Ni, Pb, Cu and Cd contaminationin sediments byusing pollution load index (PLI) andgeo-accumulationindex (I-geo).Cd was found at the lowest concentration ranged between 0.3-1.3 μg/g dry weight. Whereas, Mn was the highest ranging between 166 -426 μg/g dry weight. Geo-accumulation index indicates that the sediment in the most of studied stations were slightly polluted (grade 1) with respect to Pb and Cd, while the sediments in all studied stations were unpolluted (grade 0) with respect to Mn, Cu and Ni.The values of Pollution Load Index (PLI) werefound to be very low, and varied between 0.301-0.970, indicating that the studied stations in Tigris river were unpolluted by total of studied heavy metals

An experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Biology Department, College of Education (Ibn Al-Haithum), University of Baghdad, during the growing season 2009, by using plastic pots with capacity of two Kg of soil. The aim of the research was to study the effect of different levels of diamonium phosphate fertilizer as phosphorus source and increased concentrations of gibberellin onelements content N, P, K, Ca and soluble carbohydrate percentage in vegetative part of lentil cultivar (Barka). Treatments comprised of three levels of fertilizer (0, 0.16, 0.32) g/pot this equal to (0, 40, 80) kg/do., three concentrations of GA3(0, 50, 100)ppm and their interaction. The factorial experiment according to complete randomized design with three replicates. Results showed that significant differences by increase fertilizer levels, gibberellin concentrations and their interaction. The preference was for interaction of two mentioned above factors more than each one alone. Treatment with (0.32 g/ pot fertilizer and 100ppm gibberellin) gave the highest content of elements studied as compared with other treatments, since treatment with (0.32 g/ potfertilizer and 50 ppm gibberellin) gave the highest soluble carbohydrate percentage as compared with other treatments.

The aim of this study is to show the effects of carvedilol on exercise parameters. Fifty four volunteers enrolled in this study, 35 males &19 females. They do exercise on bicycle ergometer, the results was non-significant effects of carvedilol on the exercise unlike other β-blocker that produce fatigue

This study was designed to investigate the ability of Lactobacillus plantarum as hepatoprotective microorganism against Salmonella typhimurium in mice.Twelve albino mice were divided into 4 groups designated as CC, PC, SC and PS. Each group consisted of 3 mice, and was subjected to the following treatments; CC; this group was used as a control. PC; this group was dosed with 0.1ml of 109cfu/ml Lb plantarum culture.SC; this group was dosed with 0.1ml. of 2.5×107cfu/mlSal. typhimuriumculture. PS; this group was dosed with 0.1ml of 109cfu/ml Lb. plantarum culture, and infected with 0.1ml of 2.5×107cfu/ml culture ofSal. typhimurium,thenserum levels of Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT) and Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT) of treated mice were measured and histological sections were made from liver to evaluateprotective effect of Lb. plantarum .Results showed that mice treated with Lb plantarum exhibited asignificant (p≤ 0.05) decrease in serum level of GPT and GOT (43.25 U/L and 95.50 U/L, respectively) in comparison with their levels in serum of control group. Mice infected with Sal. typhimuriumshowed a significant (p≤ 0.05) increase in serum level of GPT (87.3 U/L), and a significant increase (p≤0.05) in serum level of GOT (227 U/L) in comparisonwith their levels (55.23 U/L and 113 U/L) in control group.Mice treated with Lb. plantarumand infected with Sal. typhimuriumshowed a significant (p≤ 0.05) decrease in serum GPT level (47.5U/L) and significant decrease (P≤0.05) in serum GOT level (121 U/L) in comparison with their levels in mice infected withSal. typhimurium.Histopathological study showed that infection with Sal. typhimurium caused a necrosis, degenerative changes and inflammatory cells infiltration as compared with controlwhile, treatment with Lb plantarum prevented the histopathological effect of Sal. typhimuriumon mice liver

In this work, sample of workers who are in contact with heavy metals were selected. Those were distributed as follow car customizers and welders (CW) (25), bakers (20) local power generator operators “operators” (15), and control men who their occupation was far from such contact (20). The study included measurement of testosterone, LH and FSH as fertility hormones, measurement of lead and cadmium (Cd) as heavy metals, and exposure to heat during the working day. Results showed that fertility hormones were within the control levels in all subjects; only a significant increase (p≤0.05) was recorded in LH in (CW) compared with control. Seminal fluid analysis (SFA), showed a decrease in total sperm count in all samples when compared with control. No significant raise was found in heavy metals in bakers, while a significant elevationof both types of heavy metals were recorded in blood of (CW) and (operators). It is concluded that occupation might result in elevating levels of heavy metals in welders and car customizers, and local power generator operators.

Mycological and ecological studies have been carried out at four stations of Sarchnar water spring: (Sarchnar spring pools, Sarchnar district waste water, Chaq Chaq stream (industrial water) and confluence of these three stations, Selected within Sulaimani Governorate during April to August 2008.Certain physico-chemical parameters of water were perforormed using standard methods. The first investigation of total of twelve aquatic fungus species from 163 isolates was reported.Eleven species were identified in which 8 of them belonging to the family Saproleginaceae including, Achlya americana, A. apiculata, A. racemosa, Saprolegnia ferax, S. parasitica and S. litoralis and 2 species of Aphanomycese laevis and Aphanomycese stellates, three an identified species belongingto each of the familes Leptomitaceae, Pythiaceaeand Blastocladiaceae which including Leptomitus sp, Pythium spand Allomyces sprespectively, and one species of Chytrid which belongs to the class Chytridiomycota were recorded. Sarchnar spring pool was the richest station with aquatic fungus species, while Sarchnar district sewage water was the poorest station. Some physico-chemical parameters showing a significant relationship to the fungal occurrence and distributions

This study was done to assess the bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of urinary tract infections (UTIs) pathogens. For proper identification of causative microbial agents, mid stream urine samples from 459 patients with clinical symptoms suspected to be UTI were collected, cultured and subjected to appropriate biochemical tests. These samples were collected from Teaching Laboratories Center in Baghdad during the study period(1stJanuary 2009 -1stJuly 2009). The antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out by disc diffusion technique using Muller-Hinton agar. 100 urine samples were cultured positive with a colony count equal or more than 105/ml while 359 cases were excluded as they were culture negative or exhibitedmixed infections. Overall males to females ratio was 1:3.2. The most prevalence isolates were Escherichia coliwith frequency rate of 50% followed by Enterobacter spp.(12%). Whereas, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosaand Enterococcus faecalisshowedfrequency rate of 9% for each. Howevere, Proteus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidisand Acinetobacter spp.showed frequency rate less than 5%. The majority of isolates were sensitive to imipenem (96%) followed by amikacin(89%) and nitrofurantion(69%) whereas, high level resistance was seen to cotrimoxazole, ampicillin and trimethoprim followed by cefoxitin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin and cefotaxime in decreasing order of frequency

In this work we introducemaximal m-open set in minimal structure spaces and study some of their basic properties in these spaces

The aim of this paper is to give a generalization of the theorem that, for n ≥5, every even permutation defined on n symbols is commutator a b a-1b-1of even permutations a and b. In particular, [3n/4] ≤L ≤n is shown to be the necessary and sufficient condition on L, in order that every even permutation defined on n ≥5 symbols can be expressed as a product of two cycles, each of length L. Results follow, including every odd permutation is a product of a cycle of length L and a cycle of length L + 1

In this paper, the notation of prime-extending module, is introduced and studied where an R-module M is Prime-extending if every nonzero proper submodule of M is essential in prime direct summand .Beside these, the notation of S-prime is given, where an R module is called S-prime if every proper direct summand is prime for this notation we proved: 1.Under the condition of S-prime module, M is Prime-extending if and only if M is extending .2. If M is semisimple module, then M is Prime-extending if and only if M is S-prime

In this paper, the computational formula for the generalized characteristic polynomials of graphs and are found. Also, we show the relation between the vertices and edges of the graphs and the coefficients of the characteristic polynomials. Finally, the eigenvalues of the polynomials are computed and their properties are studied

In this paper, we modify the Krasovskii's method for constructing the Liapunov functions, which uses the numerical methods for solving ODE's to estimate the stability of systems via studying the stability of numerical method

In this paper, we consider the distribution formulation of the productofk maxima of independent uniformly distributed samples over the interval (0,1), where the random variables of the k samples are arranged individually in ascending order of magnitude. Farthermore the distribution moments about origin are constructed

Iris Recognition isa rapidly expanding method of biometric authentication that is well suited to be applied to any access control system requiring high level of security. In this paper k-means algorithm is employed to optimizethe database enrollment, this is carried outbychoosing the bestimage (among many) for the same person to be atemplate in thedatabase. Irisimages are mapped into texture features produced from co-occurrence matrix. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposedrecognition system gave trueidentification rate of about 86% when using optimized database and 59% when using selected database