Journal of Al Imam Al-Adham University College

Standards of customary justice in Islamic jurisprudence
«comparative jurisprudence»
This humble research deals with the subject of the standards of customary justice in Islamic jurisprudence
by comparative jurisprudence. Justice is of importance and importance in the religion of
Islam, as it is related to the cause of faith and piety. Therefore, it is much needed and it is necessary
to seek its collection. , With the establishment of regular standards of the sayings of scholars and jurisprudents,
and the statement of the doctrines of the scholars in that, and to clarify these standards,
and to contribute to my humble efforts to serve our Sharia, and to open a path and to ask the students
of science to study on the face of the survey and detail, A.
In the study of this modest research, the descriptive descriptive method of analysis was followed
by a plan that was prepared after the introduction on three topics. The conclusion included the most
important results that were reached through the research, as follows:
The first: Definition of the standard language, and the second: definition of the standard terminology,
the second topic: the concept of justice, which has two demands: First: the definition of the
criterion, Definition of justice in the language, and the second requirement: the definition of justice
in the terminology, the third topic: the standards of customary justice, and there are two demands:
First: the definition of familiarity and loathing language and terminology, and the second requirement:
customary standards of justice.

The Noble Qur’an contains many topics of interest to the individual and the Muslim community,
and those looking at it know the greatness of His Almighty’s power. May God (May God bless him
and grant him peace), and among these topics covered by the Noble Qur’an are the verses of fasting,
which highlighted the features of facilitation of this glorious Shari’a as a mercy for this late ummah.
Therefore, my choice of the topic (Milestones of lightening in the verses of fasting - study and
analysis) to study these milestones And an analysis, and to explain the most important features of
mitigation in this obligation, which showed by definitive evidence the mercy of the Almighty to His
servants, and this study was through the following points ... Relief from the sick and the traveler, and
the fetus to women on the night of fasting, and fasting the ransom for the sick
Keywords: milestones / relief / verses / fasting / analysis

I named this research as (Al-Tipaq and Al-Muqabala in Al-Mustadrak on the Two Sahihs-
Selected Models , ( If I choose a sentence and study it too far, it is not enough to prove that my judgment
is correct or wrong. The rhetoric of these conversations and interviews , The importance of the
study comes to the value of the book (rightly aware of) by the ruling imam Nisapuri among the books
of the haduth, as well as the need for a scientific service that studies the hadiths contained in it, and to
show its scientific and aesthetic value for the correct hadiths, as well as the imam›s scientific status,
his high status, and the scholars of his time, who knew the abundance of their knowledge.
The connection of their support, as witnessed by his elders and disciples, was the pyramid of
reasons and their age participating in the service of the Prophet›s haduth , determined to make the
utmost efforts to serve the hadith of the Beloved, as well as to show the care of this book, by showing
the rhetorical images of the words of the Prophet, and its aesthetic value ,This study included an
introduction and two sections: The first topic: dishes. The second topic: the interview. Then I summarized
the most important findings.
And may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad and his family, companions
and followers.

This paper aims at shedding light on Sheikh Al-Majashi and his book: (Jokes in the Qur’an). Despite
his affiliation with Al- Basria grammar school, he was clear in his approach which was based
on his rotation with scientific truth wherever it revolves, He may choose some of the Kufic terms and
sometimes give them preference without criticism or insult, and without restriction and fanaticism.
His ultimate goal is wisdom and knowledge. He also aims at clarifying the fact that the Kufic term
was not found to be an equivalent to the Basria term, but rather came to complement and clarify it
.Thus, this paper resists many of the suspicions that appeared in some narrations which strip the Kufic
pen of its knowledge, and dress it the garb of imitation, confusion, and the intellectual luxury of
which it was sometimes accused from the exploitation of its terms in the time of grammatical ruling.
Key words: The grammatical term, Kufic grammar, in the Quran.

Marriage in Islam contains great educational aspects and meanings through which the individual
is protected from slipping into the abyss of desires and sins. With this great legislation, Islam refined
sexual instincts and set the rules for meeting between the sexes on a land of purity and chastity, and I
tried to clarify some of these bright aspects in this presented research. To the Journal of the College
of the Great Imam.
And Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds

This research deals with the studying of the incoming syntactical problems in the Quran’nic text
and connecting them with what is stated by the scientists in analyzing and showing them through a
book which is not studied before which is (Baher Al-Burhan in the Meanings of Qura’n Problem for
(Bayan Al-Haq Al-Nesabory b.553 A.H.) and the researchers study the problems according to the
arrangement of (verb, noun and the letter). The researchers discuss the special problems with the
verb and then with the Noun and finally with the special problem with letter.

what is meant by the fundamentalist extraction here: Deduce the ruling on the matter according
to the principles of the Imam of the school of thought.
Imam Ibn Qudamah ( may God have mercy on him) is one of the hardworking in the Hanbali
school of thought , in his book ( Al-Umda) there was one saying of what he chose, and the fundamentalist
extraction of his choices is through Analyzing his inferences in his two books (Al-Kafi
and Al-Mughni).
Ibn Qudamah’s choices were distinguished by accuracy, durability and discipline with rules
and principles.
Imam Ibn Qudamah maybe choose the opinion and give it preference, even if it is less well
known; just because it agrees to the total rules of the imam or the total rules of Sharia and the mind.

Beautification and adornment desirable in Islamic law, and that the texts are clear as permitted
and deprived of cosmetic surgery, but the continuous development in the field of cosmetics, has
been introduced in fact things were not present, and the nature of human beings innate drifted some
of them to the beauty and pleasure of their desires world and to satisfy themselves, without investigating
the Such issues, except that Islamic Sharia is valid for every time and place, and by referring
to its texts, it is possible to adapt the new issues in the world of cosmetics and subject them to legal
controls.
The beautician sees that the predominant group is women, despite the recent crowding of men
with them. A woman may resort to plastic surgery of her own free will or at the urging of her husband
if she is married. This research, which is in the hands of the reader, clarifies the meaning of plastic
surgery, its types and divisions, and then shows its ruling, and does the husband’s permission have
any effect on changing the ruling on surgery from being forbidden or forbidden.

A summary of this research is that this research has been talking about medical issues in practice
medicinal means through the themes of the Prophet (s). The meaning of preference and writing
them, and the most important of what we have discussed: 1 - Fadlullah, and he and his honor to be
great, and it is what people from diseases and epidemics only make it a medicine and healing.
2 - Healing two types: First: Healing spiritual moral: a - verses of the Holy Quran and the greatest.
(B) Fixed supplications and articles in the Prophetic Prophetic Year K (I seek refuge in the
words of God ...) and others. Second: Madi sensual healing: a - black pill. B. Cow dairy. C. Cupping.
W-SNA is a well-known plant, honey and honey, and was said: Cummins, and was said: a
kind of dates, and Hajj trees in India, take as drugs to treat many diseases. 3 - The research showed
that these are the most common books of modern, good, weak and subject, and this is a summary
of what I have reached: A. The correct talk (3) conversations - 1-2 - 3. (1). (2) Talks - 6 - 7. WModern
Theme (1) Modern 5. Total contexts (7) are non-refined novels.

The night and elements of important phenomena that ran poets since ancient times , Fjsdoh in
their hair , sometimes Mngzlen , and sometimes commending , and sometimes they use in hair
Rthaihm, and other Pachin concerns in the bosom , Fezlam night proof of darkness and loneliness,
as well as seethe aches and pains , and shine Stars and the emergence of these stars in the
dark darkness is a sign of uniqueness and celebrity , and the beauty of the moon, especially when
it is full evidence of beauty, so poets are using the night and its elements and natural phenomena
to express their own experiences, The night became their sanctuary talking to him in their unit,
and they use beautiful descriptions and pictures of him , and this is what I showed in my study of
the poet of the famous poets of Andalusia, the son of Abd Rabbo Andalusian ( d. 328 ) , and how
this poet employed the night in his poetry , employment express the ingenuity of the Andalusian
poet , and splendor dealing with the elements of nature and even became the pioneers of nature
poetry in the literature of the Arabic .

We studied for the Unacceptable linguistic sounds of Sibawayh, And the number of eight votes;
The kaf that is between the gym and the kaf, the gym that is like the kaf, the gym that is like the shin,
The weak Dhad, the saad that is like the sine, the Taa that is like theT, the dha that is like the thaa,
and the B that is like the F. Sibawayh described these letters as not being good in reading the Qur’an
or in poetry, These eight letters are not numerous in the Arabic-speaking language, There are no
symbols for these letters in the Arabic language, as they are known for pronunciation, We studied
the opinions of ancient Arabic scholars on these letters, and the opinions of Arab linguists.

These forms of all kinds are nothing but a development from the intertwining of cultures among
them، such as the introduction of European culture into Arabic and produced poetic forms such as
the prose poem and sent poetry، as well as influenced by writers and poets who immigrated to Europe
or studied in it in the manner of systems and it is noticeable that these poetic forms tend to be
excessive at times And the adoption of the direct prose method that may rob the power of gesture and
image in these forms.

tasks in the explanation of al-Rafii and al-Rawda to Imam Al-Asnoi T772 Ah (Bab al-Mahadna
- study and realization)
the idea of research is to achieve the differences and jurisprudence agreements collected by Imam
Asnoy in one book and named the tasks in bab al-Mahadna only. The books between the Nuclear
Imam and Imam Al-Rafii were dealt with with accuracy and every novel, and the manuscript was
achieved and studied word by word and revised and based on the saying, and the differences and
agreements in the matters of truce and truce were mentioned in the manuscript .

Cultural criticism is one of the literary phenomena that characterized modern Arab literature, as
its appearance was coupled with modern literary renaissance, and it occupies a wide area in modern
Arab poetry.
The most important thing that distinguishes this kind of poetry is the spirit of modernity, as it
expresses the suffering of people, its concerns after what was previously poetry captive to the past,
and the tradition that makes it unrelated to its era.
Cultural criticism is important for expressing the positives or exposing the negatives for themselves.
Rather, it invests in the following considerations related to the vision of man and with him
the culture of those positives or negatives and the criterion for classifying them in this or that box.
For this he seeks to present the possibilities available, and to discover the boundaries that produce
meanings or receive connotations for practices in cultural contexts.
The interest of cultural criticism is highlighted through the study procedures in which it uses
methods of induction, analysis and interpretation. It is worth noting that the field of cultural criticism
intersects with the so-called cultural studies that include the study of elite, folk and subcultural

Common ownership is a form of ownership and it has its own provisions, and it differs from
separated ownership in that the partners have according to their shares of every atom of common
money, and it is like the detached property where the owner enjoys all the royal powers in dispos-
ing, using and exploiting, and the partner has the right to use his share in any way. Types of usufruct,
but his right ceases to the extent of not harming the rest of the partners, so he cannot benefit from his
share when his use causes harm to the rest of the partners, and in the event that he disposes without
the permission of the rest of the partners, he shall be subject to a remuneration for them. It is common
by agreement among themselves or by the court, and the majority is the majority of shares, not the
majority of the partners, The decision of the majority is binding on the minority, and the minority has the right to appeal the decision of the majority before the court if the decision involves abuse of
the right. As for the unusual administration, the legislator stipulated the majority after obtaining the
permission of the competent court for them to have the right to administer common money, and the
legislator gave the minority the right to object On the decision of the majority of the court, and with
regard to the work of preserving the common money, the legislator has given any partner the right to
carry out the work of preserving it, and it is possible to use the common money by means of adapta-
tion, whether )temporal or spatial(. The provisions of the adaptation are subject to the provisions of
the lease contract.

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad,
may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, for the science of jurisprudence is the most prejudicial
science that touches the lives of people, and the most closely related to their reality, because it is
the science that organizes the relationship of man with his Lord first, and his relationship with other
Muslims, and with people in general after that, and with it distinguishes What is permissible is from
what is forbidden, and what is right is from what is wrong. It was for our early scholars who served
this science and spent their lives in order to explain that and for the sake of this science and to request
and codify it, and they classified the lengthy and abridged books and poetic systems to make it easier
for students of science to memorize them to preserve the true religion, as our early scholars spent
their lives between taking knowledge and writing it and explaining it, from a classification and one
of the messages of the groups Sheikh Yusuf Al-Ghazi, so I proceeded to read to her. So its millen-
nium is useful because of its importance in clarifying the ruling on purity that pertains to liquids, so
Iunanimously agreed to serve it, and to bring it out in the best way

The research aims to demonstrate Methods of Teaching Arabic Language Grammar by us-
ing Technology Education, to achieve this, the research sought to answer the main question: What method of Teaching Arabic Language Grammar by using Technology Education?
A descriptive, inferential approach was used because of its relevance to research, which is a form
of objective, scientific interpretation of theoretical information. And achieving the goal of the study
required to prepare a model for a teaching plan for Arabic grammar, and design it according to the
steps of e-learning, through the PowerPoint program.
The research included an introduction and three topics:
The first topic: It included the research problem, its importance, goals, limits and methodol-
ogy and defining its terms.
The second topic: Divided into two requirements: The first requirement: It contains first: the
method of teaching Arabic grammar, secondly: designing a model plan, and thirdly: e-learning.
The second requirement: It includes previous studies and research and its comparison with
the current research.
The third topic: Includes a presentation of the most important conclusions, recommenda-
tions and proposals.
The research included a number of forms, graphics and electronic slide design, to illustrate
how to teach Arabic grammar using e-learning. It was followed by a presentation of the most im-
portant conclusions, including: that the use of e-learning techniques in teaching the Arabic language
confirms that the Arabic language is able to keep pace with contemporary developments, and to face
the difficulties and challenges facing it, and the study concluded with recommendations, including:
making use of the computer, educational techniques and various means of presentation, in providing
lessons in a way Interesting and interesting, by presenting the academic content in the form of slides
in the PowerPoint presentation. And proposals towards: Conducting research aimed at building an
interactive program for teaching Arabic language according to modern educational techniques. The
research was concluded with a list of proven sources and references.
- Keywords: method, teaching, Arabic grammar, e-learning.

Ibn Bakrus› choices
Through the book of fairness by Al-Mardawi
It sheds light on one of the jurists of the Hanbali school of thought who hardly knows, although
they have opinions in jurisprudence that are referred to, by which I mean Abu al-Hasan ibn Bakrus.
I followed a detailed, inductive, comparative, probable approach, so I extrapolated the opinions
from their opinions in general sometimes and in detail at other times if the need for detail and
according to the requirements of the research, then I compared the opinions, and suggested what
seemed to me most likely.
The topic necessitated to be divided into two sections.
In the first section, I spoke about Ibn Bakrus’ social and scientific life on two grounds

Abstract
and, structure solid a like coherent and other each to linked are an’Qur Noble the of sciences The
them of some and, books special with them out singled them of some, them of care taken have scholars
interested him found I. , convey to wants he what clarify to writings his of folds the in them mentioned
from copied and arbitrator the of interpretation the on them infer to much very revelation of causes the in
to came research my so, times other at suspicions some to respond to and, times at verses blessed the
.transcribers s’an’Qur the of book the in revelation for reasons the of effect the show

Muhammad master our upon be peace and prayers and, Worlds the of Lord, God to be Praise
related issues (entitled manuscript a is This: follows what for As. companions and family his and
by” Choices The “book the from issues few a are which, analysis and preparation’, khul, divorce to
.(AH 937. d (Zada Plato as known, Barsawi-Al Plato bin Muhammad Sheikh
,phrases accurate, handwriting clear in copied was it and, copies two in originated manuscript The
addressing without issues many with them supplemented then, issues major into book the divided thorau The. information jurisprudential with book rich a is Choices of Book The. references various and
Prophet the of Sunnah honorable the and an’Qur Holy the to reference one than more cited He. them
the on based saw he what to preference gave and opinion one than more mentioned He. impact the and
find will manuscript this reads whoever and, him preceded who scholars the of sayings the and evidence
to best my done have I and, terms jurisprudence in known is it as issues jurisprudential for explanations
s’God may and, us from it accept to Almighty God asking, picture best the in manuscript the produce
.companions and family his upon And Muhammad master our upon be p

The mufti must be clever, asking for details from the questioner if he needs them, and leaving the
request for details if he does not need it. delay in answering; Because abbreviating the fatwa in this
case makes the ruling one for different forms, the fatwa differs according to its different times, place
and person, and asking for details is not an ordinary matter, but rather it has its controls by which it
is known. Among the findings of the research: that leaving the request for details from the Prophet
(may God bless him and grant him peace) indicates.

Conclusion
meanings the of some explained he which in Maliki-al Nafarawi-al Allamah by treatise a is This
the with Book Holy the of opening the for reason the explained he which in, basmalah the to related
.investigations explanatory other and, it in contained readings the, taxsyn its, meanings its of clarification and, general in it with speech opening on ruling the, basmalah
مفردات من العنوان: شرح، البسملة، النفراو ي.

So the conclusion of our research marked (the legality of owning a shot and disposing of it after
the period of its definition in Islamic law)
In it I dealt with the shot, the shot, the shot, the snapshot, relaxation, taking advantage of the shot,
reading the shot, taking advantage of the shot, dividing it, dividing it, dividing it and dividing it.
By capturing it as a shot of money and its meaning, it is permissible to capture it on the condition of
definition, and to clarify the most correct saying in the period of definition of the shot, who said: The
shot is known for a year, they said that the period is determined according to which the shot is small
and large, and the weight of the last saying. This is because the logo obliges you to take pictures and
deliver them to their owners, to cover your needs, the things, because a trademark in your name does
not deserve this. A mark, a trademark, a distinctive mark of its owner does not deserve this logo.
Several days, or less than that, made time and money available together, including the family, and
annexed if its owner came and announced. For example, this saying has been weighted, and for this
reason, it has been provided for him, and this is in conclusion. It is an uneasy effort, and the diligence
of those who see opinion today and disagree with it tomorrow.
Search Key Words: (Ownership and Duration of Snapshot)

Summary
the in authorities administrative the by concluded agreements legal are contracts Administrative
Iraq in and, activity administrative of aspects various the for effects material tangible have that state
that rules these, content and form in law general of rules the with accordance in implemented are they
business do to obligation the and, binding of methods, orders administrative of powers the include
interest public the achieve To; contracts administration the whom with individual or entity the with
.transparency statistical and graphical, informational local and national of framework the within
administration the prevent to is content its in Iraq in contracts administrative in Transparency
after consequences its bear then and corruption administrative into falling or power of abuse from
complex and system the under administration the on fall that responsibilities large the given, that
.business daily of conduct the in ciencyeffi functional and integrity of principles the of light in procedures bureaucratic and government
the achieve to order in Iraq in administration the by concluded agreements the, hand other the On
bonds represent activities and work its out carries that institution the or utility public the of service
laws relevant the with accordance in with dealt are and other each with interact that relations legal of
the by contractors with dealing transparent of principles and framework the within decisions and
of one are they if even, contracts Administrative that regard this in noticed is it and, administration
legal private not and public are they but, affairs public of conduct the in administration of means the
public the or apparatus administrative the of service public the of interest the in are that agreements
of regardless, society and state the of benefit public real the secure that and it serves that facility
.characteristics their or individuals are they whether
Iraq in force in laws the under issued regulations and orders, decisions functional the all, Thus
true the are officials and directors its with institution public the or utility public the by approved and
and contracts concluding when upon runs administration the that system legal and framework, basis
when achieved is transparency here and, instructions presumptive or, orders, decisions, laws not
-accord in competence functional of light in and force in laws the under concluded contracts All the of mirror the is it then Because effective and present genuinely are that powers the with aactivities legal legitimate various its of basis the and work s›a

Abstract
Umair companion great the of narratives the of study jurisprudential the on touched research This
he and, him of translation the was beginning the), them with pleased be God may (Lahm Abi Mawla
and, narratives these in included issues jurisprudential the of review a then, narratives his mentioned
research This. saying chosen the to leading, study jurisprudential comparative a through searched
.jurisprudence of issues eight and hadiths three included

This research is concerned with a survey of the different aspects of Quranic readings contained
in Surat Hud, and how this difference in Quranic readings has a clear and tangible impact on the difference
in the exegetical meaning. As a single verse read in more than one way in the readings can
take the same status as the two verses, as one reading of them may give a meaning different from
the meaning given by the other reading, and the different meanings that occur in relation to the different
Qur’anic readings are considered as a matter of diversity and variation, not of contradiction
or contradiction. Contrasting or contradiction is impossible to be in the words of God Almighty. I
have traced in this research verses whose different reading leads to different interpretational meaning,
leaving the readings in which the difference in reading does not lead to different meanings. And
mitigating the hums and other things, and readings that have an impact on the explanatory meaning,
and they are what I included in this research.
Keywords: Hood, readings, read, reading, interpretation, meaning.

Socially, pluralism means the existence of heterogeneous institutions and groups in contemporary
society that have diverse religious, economic, ethnic and cultural interests. In political terms,
pluralism describes a society in which power is widely distributed over multiple groups linked in
various patterns of conflict, competition, or cooperation.
Every society is characterized by pluralism, its components must coexist, and this coexistence
does not eliminate the difference and dissimilarity, but rather establishes the human relations that
Islam wants to prevail in people’s lives on the basis of this great principle based on peace and distance
from terrorism and extremism. The emphasis on ideological, civilizational and cultural specificities
cannot be abolished, but Islam does not want these peculiarities to prevent acquaintance
and coexistence between nations and peoples and cooperation among them.
Since youth are the main and effective component of any society, we have studied their role in
coexistence in pluralistic societies, so we made our research under the title: “The role of youth in
promoting the principle of coexistence through the concept of pluralism”.

One of us may feel that nothing is comparable to the magnificence of speaking in a new language
that others understand and understand you when you speak it, as the willingness to try to communicate
in another language creates opportunities for all kinds of interesting meetings.
One may be proud of being more proficient in the new language he / she is learning, and happy
when he/she is the only unique person that answers and talks to people who are wondering about
something!
In addition to satisfying one›s ego, the knowledge of one›s ego in at least one other language will
make him feel the appreciation of others and their way of thinking. Understanding a language often
reveals how its native speakers think. Moreover, it becomes possible to read their literary works in
their original language. The more one masters the language the more ability he/she gets to understand
what is actually said.
However, the most important thing in learning the language is that it is fun, entertaining and adds
a lot to one in all aspects of life.

A lot of objections are raised by parliamentarians and politicians when discussing each federal
budget on the issue of distributing funds, as some see that there is unfairness to their governorates
and demand an increase in the proportion of financial allocations to those governorates. Others demand
that their percentage be specified within the budget items so as not to be manipulated later by
the decision makers in the federal government. However, these objections are often ignored, despite
the fact that they have a basis in the Iraqi constitution in force for the year 2005, This is what Article
(106) of it indicated the necessity of establishing by law a public authority to monitor the allocation
of federal revenues, which consists of experts of the federal government, the regions and governorates
and their representatives, and that one of its tasks: Verify the fair distribution of grants, aid and
international loans according to the entitlement of regions and governorates that are not organized in
a region, and optimal use and sharing of federal financial resources. As well as ensuring the principle
of transparency and justice when allocating funds to the governments of regions or governorates that
are not organized in a region in accordance with the established ratios. The effective constitution of
2005 also obligated the government to distribute its revenues in an equitable manner commensurate
with the population distribution in all parts of the country. What is more, conducting a general census
of the population is the basis for distributing wealth in the country, drawing development plans,
evaluating their results, and setting correct plans for reconstruction to ensure a fair and equitable
distribution of resources according to the proportion of the population and in a manner that achieves
the principle of transparency and equal opportunities in a fair manner, away from sectarian and ethnic
quotas and corruption in all its forms.
Keywords: justice, distribution, authority, imports.