Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

A new ligand {N-[(benzoyl amino)-thioxo methyl] proline} was prepared by the reaction of benzoylisothiocyanate with proline.The ligand was characterized by FTIR,UV-Visible, and 1HNMR.Somecomplexes of the ligand were synthesized and characterized on the basis of their FTIR,UV-Visiblespectroscopy,conductive measurements and magnetic susceptibility.From the results obtained,the following general formula has suggestedfor the prepared complexesis suggested[M2+L2].XH2OWhere:M Mn+2, Fe+2, Co+2,Ni+2,Cu+2, Zn+2,Cd+2and Hg+2X 3,0,2,0,4,0,0and 0L{N-[(benzoyl amino)-thioxo methyl] prolinato}

A newly developed analytical method characterised by its speed and sensitivity for the determination of ciprofloxacin via the improvement of the chemiluminescence system for luminol-H2O2-OH--ciprofloxacin via continuous flow injection analysis. The method is based on the indirect chemiluminescence-reaction (Sensitized) via the improvement of the amount of photons released through the oxidation of luminol-H2O2-OH-in the presence of ciprofloxacin as a sensitizer for the reaction. Linear dynamic range for the chemiluminescence-emission vs. ciprofloxacin concentration was 0.01-1 mmol.L-1while C.O.D was 96.64%. The L.O.Q was 203 ng/sample. L.O.D. (S/N=3) = 6.01ng/sample from the stepwise dilution for the minimum concentration of lowest concentration in the linear dynamic ranged of the calibration graph. R.S.D.% for n=10 was <1% for ciprofloxacin with concentration of 0.5 mmol.L-1. the method was applied successfully for the determination of ciprofloxacin in four pharmaceutical drugs. Using paired t-test it was shown that there were no significant difference between the two methods and on that basis the new method can be accepted as an alternative analytical method

Simple and sensitive kinetic methods are described for the determination of chloramphenicol in pure form and pharmaceutical preparations. The methods are based on oxidative –coupling reaction between reduced chloramphenicol (by zinc powder and concentrated hydrochloric acid) with promethazine hydrochloride in the presence of sodium periodateyielding a highly colored product at room temperature, the reaction is followed spectrophotometriclly at λmax= 590 nm. Initial rate and fixed time (at 20 minutes) methods are utilized for concentration determination. The calibration graphs were linear in the concentration ranges (2-20 μg.ml-1) and(0.5-30 μg.ml-1) respectively. The results were validated statistically and checked through recovery studies, and have been applied successfully for the determination of chloramphenicol in commercial dosage forms.

The current work involves theadsorption of trifluralin on the surface of zeolite using UV.spectrophotometer technique to produce quantitative adsorption data at different conditions of contacttime, ionic strength, pH and temperatures. The adsorption phenomenon was examined as a function of temperatures (30, 35, 40, and 45) ̊C,and the results showed that theadsorption of trifluralin on surface zeolite increased with increasing temperatures(endothermic process). The basic thermodynamic functions(∆H, ∆G, and ∆S)have also been calculated.The effect of ionic strength on adsorptionwas also studied by using different concentrations of NaCl solution. It was found that increasing thevalueof ionic strength, leads to decreasethe adsorption quantity of trifluralinonthezeolitesurfacesat constant temperature.The quantity of trifluralin that was adsorbed on the zeolite was decreased with increasingthe pHof thesolution at constant temperature.The kinetic study of adsorption process was studied dependingon the followingkinetic equations: Lagergren,Morris –Weberand Reichenenberg equations

Imidazole derivatives have occupied a unique place inthe field of medicinal chemistry. The incorporation of the imidazole nucleus is an important synthetic strategy in drug discovery. The high therapeutic properties of the imidazole related drugs have encouraged the medicinal chemists to synthesize a large number of novel chemotherapeutic agents.This study was designed to show the effects of new compounds derivatives from 2-Imidazolidine thione on the activity of Monoamino oxidasein sera. All compounds were studieddemonstrated inhibitory effects on the enzyme activityand these effects are increased with increasing the concentrationsof the compounds. The compound2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylthio)-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)acetohydrazide has the highest ability to inhibit MAO than the other compounds.Kinatic properties of these inhibitorsreveal that compound 4 causes mixed type of inhibtion,componds 1,3 act as non -competitive inhibitor and compound 2 behaves as un-competitive inhibitor

The work presented in the current research is concerned with the synthesis of four new compounds containing 1,3-oxazepine and 1,3,4-oxadiazole [1-4] by microwave assisted organic synthesis method through the condensation reaction of 2-[4-(arylidene) phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-5-thiole] with maleic anhydride under variable microwave power (180, 510) watt. The structure of the synthesized compounds was characterized using available spectroscopic methods (H1-NMR, FTIR) and the results obtained are agreement with the proposed structures assigned to these compounds. The photostabilization of poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA films by of 1,3-Oxazepine compounds [1-4] was investigated. The PMMA films containing concentration of [1-4] 0.5% by weight were produced by the casting method from chloroform solvent. The photostabilization activities of these compounds were determined by monitoring the hydroxyl index with irradiation time. The changes in viscosity average molecular weight of PMMA with irradiation time were also tracked (using benzene as a solvent). The quantum yield of the chain scission (Φcs)of these compounds in PMMA films was evaluated and found to range between 4.2010-5and 8.7610-5. Results obtained showed that the rate of photostabilization of PMMA in the presence of the additive followed the trend:[1] > [2]> [3]> [4]Accordingto the experimental results obtained, several mechanisms were suggested depending on the structure of the additive. Among them, UV absorption, peroxide decomposer and radical scavenger for photostabilizer mechanisms were suggested

This work included synthesis of several new Schiff bases by condensation of benzidine and some aldehydes (2-hydroxy benzaldehyde, 4-N, N-dimethyl amino benzaldehyde, Pyridine-3-carboxyaldehyde) to obtain Schiff bases (1-3) and with ketones (4-hydroxy acetophenone, acetophenone, Isatin) to obtain Schiff bases (4-6). Also, new six oxazepines compounds (7-12compounds)were synthesized through the reaction of phthalic anhydride with the prepared Schiff bases toobtain seven hetrocyclic compounds. Besides, we prepared new tetrazole derivatives from the reaction of the prepared Schiff bases with sodium azide in THF. The prepared compounds were characterized by (FT-IR, and some of them by 1HNMR, 13CNMR spectroscopy), physical properties were recorded and the biological activitywas evaluated against two kinds of bacteria gram positive and gram negative

Bidentate Schiff-bases have been among those that are extensively used in preparing metal complexes. These ligands are described according to their donor set N, N-donor and N, O-donor Schiff-bases. Bidentate schiff base having nitrogen and oxygen atom was prepared by condensation of the P-amino-acetophenone with salicylaldehyde in absolute ethanol. An ethanol solution of Schiff base and an ethanol solution of 5-nitroso 8-hydroxy-quinoline were reacted with aqueous solution of metal salts to give complexes with the general formula [M(L)(Q)], where Q = 5-nitroso 8-hydroxyquinoline, L = (salicylaldehyde + p-amino-actophenone) and MII= Fe, Co, Ni and Cu ions. The resulting products were found to be solids which were characterized using FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. An elemental analysis was performed using atomic absorption technique; magnetic susceptibility and the conductivity were also measured

Coupling reaction of2-amino benzoic acid with phenol gave the new bidentate azo ligand. The prepared ligand was identified by Microelemental Analysis, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic technique. Treatment of the prepared ligand with the following metal ions (CoII, NiII, CuII and ZnII) in aqueous ethanol with a 1:2 M:L ratio and at optimum pH, yielded a series of neutral complexes of the general formula [M(L)2]. The prepared complexes were characterized using flame atomic absorption,(C.H.N) Analysis, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods as well as magneticsusceptibility and conductivity measurements. The nature of the complexes formed were studied following the mole ratio and continuous variation methods, Beer's law obeyed over a concentration range (1×10-4-3 ×10-4M). High molar absorbtivity of the complex solutions were observed. The stability constant of the complexes have also been studied

Cobalt() Sulfasalazine hydroxamate complex was synthesized and characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods.A spectroscopic investigation of its reaction with Co() revealed the sole formation of the 1:3 complex at equilibrium. The isolated complex indicated octahedral coordinationvia the (N) atom of the hydroxamate group. The limiting concentration for interference by Ni(), Cd(), AI(), and Zn() cations were reported. Microbial sensitivity test on five microorganisms were tested

Theoretical study for stable geometries of a nematicliquid crystal (LC) molecule assembled on the carbon nanotubes (CNT) wall by using semi-empirical molecular quantum calculations within the PM3 method as implemented in Hyperchem package. The interaction influence of,-stacking between N-4`-Methoxybenzylidine-4-n-butylaniline (MBBA)liquid crystalmolecule on the CNT wall led to formation of the local short range orientation order by LC molecules on the surface of the CNT due to the LC-CNT binding energy (,-stacking). The binding energy of the LC molecule on the CNT wall was within the typical van der Waals interaction. This binding originated from the electrostatic energy by a significant amount of charge transfer from the LC molecule to the CNT

The sorption of methyl orange on the kaolinite clay was studied thermodynamically and kinetically,the sorption was of Freundlich type and the multi-layers were formed, and the sorption was a combination of adsorption and absorption, but in some cases the desorption was occurred.The Freundlich constants were calculated to specify the sorption capacity, and sorption intensity.The calculation of thermodynamic parameters revealed that the process was exothermic, ordered, and non-spontaneous at the temperature range(298-328K).Three kinetic models were exploited to calculate the rate constant, diffusion constant, rate of adsorption, and desorption parameter.

The nucleon momentum distributions (NMD) for the ground state and elastic electron scattering form factors have been calculated in the framework of the coherent fluctuation model and expressed in terms of the weight function (fluctuation function). The weight function has been related to the nucleon density distributions of nuclei and determined from theory and experiment. The nucleon density distributions(NDD) is derived from a simple method based on the use of the single particle wave functions of the harmonic oscillator potential and the occupation numbers of the states. The feature of long-tail behaviorat high momentum region of the NMDhas been obtained using both the theoretical and experimental weight functions. The observed electron scattering form factors for MgNe2622,and Si30nuclei are in reasonable agreement with the present calculations throughout all values of momentum transfer .

Glucose monitoring is a crucial factor for diabetic self management. Widely used technologies require the use of fresh blood samples in special test strips. This is expensive and does not lend it self to continuous monitoring. An alternative method of measuring blood glucose levels optically is investigated. This method is called “Optical Activity”. It’s able to determine glucose concentrations with varying degrees of sensitivity and ranges of applicability. This method is used to determine the angle of rotation for different glucose concentrations when the laser beam passing through the samples of blood.In this research, a green laser of second harmonic generation(SHG)of Nd: YAG with measured maximum output power 55 mW and wavelength of 532 nm was used. Theoutput power of laser beam which was passing through the glass cuvette of blood with diabetes was measured as a function of calculated specific rotation angle for different concentrations of the dilutedbloodand also the output power of laser beam which was passing through the glass cuvette of blood with null diabetes was measured.These results of two samples are reported and the implications for possible new monitoring strategy are considered.Thus, the personcan be specified his blood contain the diabetes or not

The influence of SiC particulates addition on the electrical behaviors of Al/ SiC matrixcompositeswas studied. The compositedsampleswere prepared from Al-SiC powdered mixtureshavingdifferent SiC content in the range of 40-70 wt% SiC particulates with particle sizeslowerthan 45-μm. The resultant powders were then uniaxially pressed in cylindrical steel die to obtain a compact disc-shaped of 1.5 cm in diameter. The compacts were sintered in thetemperature range of 800 ̊C and 1100 ̊C.Electrical and dielectric properties (a.c. Conductivity, dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and dielectric loss factor) were measured for these sintered samples in the frequency range 200 Hz –6GHz. From the resultsobtained itwas concluded that the formation of new phases (as proved by XRD) plays a major role in the properties of these composites. Also a jump-like behavior in the measured electrical conductivity and the abrupt changes in the dielectric constant behaviors suggest frequency-dependent two-mechanisms for conduction at different SiC content.

In this paper a study of the effect ofannealing temperature on the electrical properties of PbTe films prepared by thermal evaporation technique on Si wafer has been achieved. The electric properties of PbTe including d.c conductivity and Hall effect, from d.c measurement. It is found that the electrical activation energies Ea1and Ea2increase from 0. 175 eV to 0.24 eV and form 0.53 eV to 0.536 eV with the increase of annealing temperature from 323 k to 373 k. Hall measurements showed that all films are p-type. Electrical properties of PbTe\Si hetrojunction, fabricated by deposition of PbTe film on Si using thermal evaporation, include current (I) and voltage (V) characterizations under dark and illumination conditions and capacitance and voltage measurement at varying annealing temperatures.Capacitance (C) and voltage (V) characteristics showed that the fabricated diode type. The built in potential was determined by extrapolation of 1/C2-V curve. The built in potential (Vbi) for the PbTe\Si System was found to be increase from 1.37eV to 1.65eV with increasing of annealing temperature

This paper presents the results of a study of the photovoltaic effect of SnO2/n-Si solar cell formed by chemically sprayed SnO2on signal crystal silicon the main of using SnO2chemically sprayed thin films include low cost and the risibility of production in large scale, the photovoltaic characteristics included short circuit current (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), where the maximum (Jsc) and (Voc)obtained at AM1 were 14.3 (mA cm-2) and 630(mV), respectively. The fill factor (FF) was (0.68). Photo-induced open carrier lifetime of these cells is about (29μs).

The effect of x-ray radiation has been studied by measurement ofthepermittivity (p)and transmission ratio (T%)onCR-39sheetsa nuclear solid state track detector by microwaveand FourierTransformer Infrared)FTIR(spectroscopy techniques respectively.The permittivity(p)increaseswithdoseincreaseof x-rayradiation from2-6.032 mGy.In addition,obtained there was dropping in the permittivity(p)from the value600CV−1m−1at the radiationdose6.032mGyto the value47 CV−1m−1.Andthere was reciprocal point at10.5mGy,thenstill(εp)value constant at this value with increasing of radiation dose untilto18mGy.The absolutedifference (DT)ofthe transmissionratio(T%),whichis measured byFTIRspectroscopybetween irradiated-TRandunirradiated-T0[DR|TRT0|]ofCR-39sheets,has beendecreasedat the wave number 2250cm-1and2450cm1 to a reciprocal point of14. 0 mGyand thenincreasedto18.0mGy.Thisstudy suggest theuse ofCR-39sheets as dosimeter for x-ray radiationby measuringthe permittivity (p)andthe transmission ratio (T%)

This work exhibits analytical reformulation of four equations of finite raytracing through quadric surfaces of revolution. This reformulation enhances comprehending the procedure of finite raytracing firmly besides it shows how to obtain these formulas. The equations reformulated in this work clarified that the corresponding ones in [1] were merely typographically incomplete equations

The aim of this work is to study the absorptive properties of PET, and bottle material samples for mineral water and black and white Al-Badawi vinegar(acidic acid (CH3COOH)).PET samples were prepared by extrusion method, and take the bottle samples from the bottles, whichare used as a container to save it. The fundamental reason for the permeability of polymers is their relatively high level of molecular motion. Since two different solutions were used to evaluate the diffusion behavior of specimens. By using mineral water for two kinds of specimen(PET, and samples of the bottle material at three conditions ((1)-indoor,(2)-in refrigerator,and(3)-outdoor)to study the weathering effect on polymer absorptive involved. It was found thatPET-3(out door)was the mostwaterabsorbing polymer.It was attributed to free radical induced by the photo degradation,andthe PET-2,and bottle samples (2-in refrigerator) were the lowest, which attributed to the thermal and photo degradation for the out door condition, whereas the lowest forthe samples(2-in refrigerator).It was attributedto the freezing free radical in polymer ofthe lowest effect, so the weight gain will be the lowest. The diffusion coefficient of the bottle samples(2-in refrigerator)was of the lowest value (previous reasons), and also attributed to the bottle sample material (PET+ Additives (as stabilizers)), whichcaused in decreasing in thermal, andphoto degradation effects.By using acidic acid at different concentration (4.6%, 6.4, and100% of CH3COOH)) asblack, andwhite Al-badawi vinegar, and pure acidic acid. It was found increasing in absorptive with increasing of CH3COOH concentration, so the best absorptive for the highest concentration (100%) for two samples (PET, and bottle samples). CH3COOH had a deterioration effect. This effect had led to formation of voids and gaps, beside the ones originated in the specimens during manufacturing and processing stages, and these gaps would be filled with the solutions, leading to an increase in weight. It was concluded that the diffusion coefficient was very low for all samples and in all solutions of order less than 10-14m2/sec , so it was recommended to use PET for manufacturing the bottle(container) to save the solutions(water, and acidic solution, because it was a good barrier for solutions.

This study was designed to evaluate the immunological effect of viable and heat killed Lactobacillus acidophilusin mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium.The immunological parameters were total and absolute counts of leucocytes and phagocytic index of peritoneal cells. Twelve mice were divided into four groups. Each group consists of 3 mice. Group1 was used asa negative control. Group2was infected with Salmonella typhimuriumand use as positive control.Group3 was fed with viableLactobacillus acidophilusculture, and infected with culture ofSalmonella typhimurium. Group4 was fed with heat killedLactobacillus acidophilus culture, and infected with Salmonella typhimurium.Results indicated that treatment mice withviable Lactobacillus acidophiluswere effective in enhancing the immune responses againstSalmonella typhimurium as compared to negative (distilled water) and positive (Salmonella typhimurium) controls.While, mice fed with heat killed Lactobacillus acidophilus showed no enhancing immune effect on mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium

A total of 30 acute myocardial infarction patients and 30 age and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Patients group showed significant increase in serum levels of IL-1α, IL-2 and IL-6 as compared with controls (p<0.01 and P<0.05), and no statistically significant changes were found in serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 between patients and controls. On the other hand there was positive linear correlation between IL-1α and IL-6 (r=0.787; P=0.004) and negative linear correlation between IL-10 and IL-6 (r=-0.601; P=0.049) in patients with acute myocardial infarction. In conclusion, the present study showed an increase production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decrease production of anti-inflammatory cytokines in acute myocardial infarction patients

This study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Lactobacillus acidophilusconcentrated filtrate on growth of (AMN, REF, RD and HEPG2) tumor cell lines. The isolate obtained from vaginal swabs and identified according to culture characterictics and biochemical tests. Lb.acidophiluswas grown in MRS broth media and incubated anaerobically for 24 hrs., then culture was centrifuged and sterilized by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated to three fold, then different concentrations (125, 250, 500 and 1000 μg/ml) were prepared and tested against the four types of tumor cell lines. Results showed that concentrated filtrate of Lb. acidophilushad a significant cytotoxic effect (P≤0.05)against the growth of tumor cells used in this study at the concentrations (125, 250 and 500 μg/ml) when compared with control and the concentration (125 μg/ml) had the highest effect against (AMN, REF, RD and HEPG2) tumor cell lines which showed growth inhibition percentages (90.40, 81.22, 90.37, 84.41)% respectively while the concentration (1000 μg/ml) displayed a significant effect on the HEPG2 cell line with growth inhibition percentage (35.78%)

Escherichia coliwas injured by freezing at-18ºC. Surviving cells were recovered on nonselective medium (tryptone glucose extract agar) and selective medium (violet red bile salt agar) supplemented with compounds that degrade hydrogen peroxide or block its formation. Various concentrations of the following compounds were tested: sodium pyruvate, sodium thioglycolate,and n-propyl gallate.Sodium pyruvate and sodium thioglycolate, when added to either medium, significantly increased (P≤0.05) for recovering of injured cells. Supplementation of violet red bile agar increased recovery cells, but the counts remained considerably lower than the tryptone glucose extract agar counts. The repair detection of freezing stressed E.coliwas greatly improved by the addition of sodium pyruvate and thioglycolate .We therefore recommend that pyruvate (0.4%) and thioglycolate (0.04%) be used to supplemented media in the repair detection procedure

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and autoimmune thyroiditis disease. Forty one SLE patients diagnosed by latex agglutination test with twenty age and sex matched controls were included in this study. Results revealed that twenty one (51%) of SLE patients had antithyroglobuline antibody and ten of the SLE had elevated TSH. These results suggests that therewas an association between SLE and autoimmune thyroiditis

The main objective of this paper is to study the variational formulation of nonlinear problems, which may be given in general as a nonlinear ordinary differential equation, nonlinear partial differential equation, nonlinear integral equation , etc. and then introducing the variational formulation of nonlinear ordinary delay differential equations with its solution using the proposed approach given by Tonti

In this paper we have proved the following results. Let Rbe a prime ring,Ube (σ,τ)-left Joradan ideal of Rwhere σ,τ: R→Rbe two automorphisms of Rand dbe a nonzero derivation of R . (1) If (R,a)σ,τ=0, then aZ(R). (2) If aU=0(or Ua=0) and aR, then a=0 or UZ(R). (3) If characteristic of Rnot equal 2 and UCσ,τ, then σ(u)+τ(u)Z(R) for all uU.(4) Ifd(U)=0,dτ=τdand dσ=σd, then σ(u)+τ(u)Z(R) for all uU

Let R be a commutative ring with identity,and M be a unital (left) R-module. In this paper we introduce and study the concepts: small prime submodules and small prime modules as generalizations of prime submodules and prime modules.Among the results that we obtain is the following:An R-module M is small prime if and only if the R-module R/annM iscogenerated by every non-trivial small submodule of M.

In this research, an improved Partitioned Iterated Function System (PIFS) scheme is introduced to speed up the encoding stage time in Fractal Image Compression (FIC). The proposed system is based on using both symmetry prediction and blocks indexing to speed up the block matching process; these two methods have been used to manage the way of selecting the suitable domain to represent the range block. For block indexing the moment features have been used for determining double block descriptors, each one is affine invariant. The two block descriptors are utilized in a combined indexing scheme to classify the blocks of both range and domain pool. So, the block indexing method is introduced to filter the domain blocks, and keeps only those domain blocks have similar block indices with that of the mapped range block which will be approximately represented using affine mapping. The symmetry predictor is used to reduce the number of isometric trails from 8 to one trail .The research also includes the implementation of the use of single moment descriptor to speed up FIC for comparison. The test results indicated that the proposed improvement has reduced the required encoding time to 0.25 second, and the attain compression ratio is 7.99without making significant degradation in image quality

Advances in wavelet transform have produces algorithms capable of surpassing the existing digital signal processing. This paper presents a new wavelet transform computation method that verifies the potential benefits of the kronecker product and gains muchimprovement in terms of low computational complexity.A fast algorithm for computing 2-D wavelet transform based on a modified orthogonal matrix is developed using kronecker product. The algorithm has several promising features which make it suitable for 2-D signal processing applications