JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL STUDIES

The soil varies in its natural, chemical and life characteristics clearly depending on the variation and conditions of soil composition such as the Rock Foundation, topographic situation, climatic conditions, natural vegetation, time, etc., since the soil in the study area belongs to the soils of the mountainous and semi-mountainous region, which was formed under the conditions of a cold climate and the complex topographic situation of mountain ranges, and therefore these factors will be reflected on the characteristics of the soil in the region.

Therefore, it was directed to study the modeling of these properties through the ArcMap program to establish spatial relationships of the physical and chemical properties of the soil showing the spatial distribution of these properties over the entire area for the purpose of testing a final complex model and find out the suitability and suitability of the soil surface for the area and any type of Use, and

​In this research, we have addressed the financial administration in Baghdad during the Abbasid era from the years (575-656 AH / 1179-1258 AD). Financial administration is generally considered one of the most critical pillars of the state, as it serves as the foundation for sustaining economic and military life—especially when a state possesses large armies and engages in continuous battles. Perhaps the most significant challenges facing a state are financial crises. Accordingly, this research includes a study of financial administration regarding state revenues, expenditures, and functions, as well as the balancing of these expenditures and revenues to preserve the state treasury.