Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

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STUDYINGTHEEFFECTOFBENZOPHENONEONTHERMALDEGRADATIONOFCELLULOSEDIACETATE

HammedHashemMohamed

Pages: 1-7 English

Abstract

Theinducedthermaldegradationofcellulosediacetate(CDA)wasinvestigatedintheabsenceandpresenceofbenzophenone(BPH).CDAarepreparedinthelaboratoryfromfilterpaper,whichischaracterizatedbyspectrophotometry(infraredandultravioletvisible)techniquesinadditiontothedeterminationofthedegreeofsubstitution.Theadditionof(0.5wt%)ofbenzophenonetocellulosediacetateenhancedthethermaldegradationofthepolymer.Themaldegradationratewasmeasuredbyultravioletvisiblespectra,decreasinginviscosityandreductionofmolecularweightwerealsoobservedinthedegradedsamples.Changesinthenumber-averagechainscissionandthedegreeofdeterioration.Whichwereevaluatedbyanalyticaltechniquesindicatedthatthebenzophenoneenhancethethermaldegradationofcellulosediacetate

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SYNTHESIS,STRUCTURALSTUDYANDANTIBACTERIALACTIVITYOFSOMENEWCOMPLEXESWITH2-N(4-N,N-DIMETHYLBENZYLIDEN)-5-(P-IODO PHENYL)-1,3,4-THIODIAZOLEWITHCr(III),Mn(II),andCd(II) IONS

Sh.R.Bakir, T.A.A.Kareem, M.F.Alias

Pages: 8-19 English

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Abstract

AnewSchiffbase2-N(4-N,N-dimethylbenzyliden)-5-(p-Iodophenyl)-1,3,4-thiodiazolanditsmetalcomplexeswithCr(III),Mn(II),andCd(II)ions,weresynthesized.Thepreparedcomplexeswereidentifiedandtheirstructuralgeometriesweresuggestedbyusingflameatomicabsorptiontechnique,FT-IRandUv-visSpectroscopy,inadditiontoMagneticSusceptibilityandConductivitymeasurements.Differentbondingandstructuralbehaviorwererevealedthroughthestudyofthecoordinationchemistryofthemetalcomplexesoftheligand.ThenatureofbondingbetweenthemetalionandthedonoratomsoftheligandweredemonstratedthroughthecalculatedofRacahparameterandtheotherligandfieldparameterswhichwerecalculatedbyusingsuitableTanaba-Sugano-diagrams.Structuralgeometriesofthesecompoundswerealsosuggestedingasphasebyusingtheoreticaltreatments,usingHyperchem-6programforthemolecularmechanicsandsemi-empiricalcalculations.Theheatofformation (Hf)andbindingenergy (Eb)forthefreeligandanditsmetalcomplexeswerecalculatedbyPM3methods.Theantibacterialactivityfortheligandanditsmetalcomplexeswerestudiedagainsttwoselectedmicroorganisms (Staphylococcusaureus)asgrampositiveand (Pseudomonasaeruginosa)asgramnegative

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SYNTHESISOFESTRONE-OPIOID PEPTIDEANALOGUEWITHEXPECTEDANALGESICACTIVITY

AyadA.AL-Hamashi, KawkabY.Saour

Pages: 20-31 English

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Abstract

Thesearchfornewpeptidestobeusedasanalgesicsinplaceofmorphinehasbeenmainlydirectedtodeveloppeptideanaloguestohavehigherbiologicalstabilityandreceptorselectivity.Thereforeextensiveresearcheshavebeencarriedoutonnaturallyoccurringandsyntheticopiatesinordertoenhancetheanalgesicpotency,soweintendedtoprepareopioiodpeptideanaloguelinkedtoestronewhichmayincreasetheanalgesiceffectofthiscompound.Sterichindranceclearlywillbeproducedbyestronemayaffecttheenzymaticactivityonthesynthesizedanalogueandthisinturnmayenhancethebioavailabilityoftheanalogueitself,meanwhileestronemayaffectphysicochemicalpropertiesoftheanaloguebyincreasingitslipophilicityandsofacilitateitspassagethroughthebiologicalbarriers,alsoestronemayaffectreceptorbindingselectivityofthisanalogueanddecreasethesideeffectoftheoriginalopioidpeptide.Thedesignedanalogueis(estrone-3-O-acyl-tyr-gly-gly-phe-met-OH),wherethisopioidpeptidesynthesizedfollowingtheconventionalsolutionmethod,thenlinkedtoestronebyamidelinkageanditwascharacterizedusing:thinlayerchromatography(TLC),meltingpoint,infraredspectroscopy(IR),elementalmicroanalysis(CHN),opticalrotation,aminoacidanalysis,andhydrogen-nuclearmagneticresonance(1H-NMR)

Keywords

analgesia estrone opioid peptide

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SYNTHESISOFSOMENEWHETEROCYCLICCOMPOUNDS FROM2-AMINOBENZHYDRAZIDE

DheefafF.Hassan

Pages: 32-39 English

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Abstract

2-Aminobenzhydrazide(1)wasusedasaprecursorforpreparationofsomenewheterocycliccompoundsandSchiffbases(2-9).Also,derivativescontainingthiadiazole,oxadiazoleandtriazoleringswerepreparedbytreatingcompound(1)withphenylisothiocyanate(10-13).Thestructureofthesecompoundswerecharacterizedfromtheremeltingpoint,FTIRspectroscopyandelementalanalysis

Keywords

2-Aminobenzhydrazide Pyrazole quinazoline Schiff bases

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VITAMINSPROVOKETHERELEASEOFNITRICOXIDEBYSODIUMNITROPRUSSIDE: INVITROSTUDY

EhamA.Ali

Pages: 40-44 English

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Abstract

Itisplausibletoassumethatvitaminsactasnitricoxidescavengersordonorslikecobalaminederivatives.Therefore,thisstudyaimedtoscreentheeffectoffolicacid,hydroxycobalamineandphytomenadioneonnitrogenspecies.Theeffectsofhydroxylcobalamine,folicacidandphytomenadionewerestudiedonthesynthesizedperoxynitriteaswellasontheirabilitytogenerateperoxynitrite.Itisabilitytodonatenitricoxideortoscavengereleasednitricoxidebysodiumnitroprusside(10mM)alsoinvestigatedinvitroexperimentalmodel.Syntheticperoxynitritewasscavengedbyfolicacid,hydroxycobalamineandphytomenadione.Theireffectsvariedwiththeirconcentrations.Thesevitaminspersefailedtoreleasenitricoxidewhiletheyimprovedthebioavailabilityofnitricoxidereleasedby10mMsodiumnitroprusside.Thebeneficialeffectsoffolicacidandtolessextenthydroxycobalamineandphytomenadioneinimprovingthenitricoxidebioavailabilityraisetheideaofusingthesesubstancesasadjuncttherapyindiseasesassociatedwithendothelialdysfunction

Keywords

Folic acid Hydroxycobalamine phytomenadione Sodium nitroprusside

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EVALUATIONOFSERUMTOTAL,LIPIDANDPROTEINASSOCIATEDSIALICACIDSLEVELSASAN INFLAMMATORYMARKERS INTYPHOID FEVER PATIENTS

Bushra.F.Hasan, Khitam.AW.Ali, Hazim.H.Edan, Habiba.K.Abdl.Alssada

Pages: 45-53 English

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Abstract

Totalsialicacid(TSA)anditsfractionlipidandproteinassociatedsialicacids(LASAandPASA)weremeasuredinserumbelongedto100patientswithtyphoidfever,and50normalsubjectsconsideredasnormalhealthycontrols.DataanalysisshowsthatthelevelsofTSA(91.5822.15mg/dL),LASA(28.887.28mg/dL)andPASA(60.8715.50mg/dL)weresignificantly(P<0.0001)higherinserumtyphoidfeverpatientscomparedwithnormalcontrols(66.020.0mg/dL),(16.04.0mg/dL)and(42.07.0mg/dL)respectively,butthereisnostatisticallysignificantdifferencesseenbetweenfemalesandmalespatientgroupsinregardtoTSA,LASAandPASAlevels.TheresultsshowedthelevelsofTSAanditsfraction(LASAandPASA)intyphoidfeverpatientsarehigherthannormalwhichshowednormallevels,furtherstudyisrequiredtoexplorethebindingofsialicacidtothespecificsiteofproteinsandlipidstoconsidertheseinflammatorymarkersinmonitoringandprogressionfortyphoidfeverdisease,andevaluatingtheeffectivenessofvarioustherapeuticapproaches

Keywords

Inflammatory marker Sialic acid Typhiod fever

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STUDYINGTHE INHIBITORYEFFECTSOFACETAMINOPHEN(PARACETAMOL),ANDSALICYLATEDRUG(ASPEGIC)ONTHEACTIVITYOFCREATINEKINASE

PerryH.Ali, JinanHusain, ImanHashim

Pages: 63-68 English

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SYNTHESISOFADENOSINEMET-ENKAPHALINCONJUGATEWITHEXPECTEDBIOLOGICALACTIVITY

JaafarS.Shia, KawkabY.Saour

Pages: 69-78 English

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Abstract

Inaneffortfordesigninganaloguewithimprovedanalgesicactivity(opioidlikeactivity)ormaypossesaddedbiologicalactivitiesasantimetabolitewithantineoplasticantibacterialandantiviral,etc.,coupledbinaturalmetabolites(nucleosidepeptides)areproposedinthisstudytosynthesize1′-deoxy-1′-(6-amino-9-purinyl)-2′,3′-o-isopropylidene-B-D-ribfuranuronicacidamidewithTyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-oH.Inthehopethatsuchcombinationhaveefficienttransportingsystemacrossmembrane,naturalpenetrationinsidethecellandnucleus,representanessentialcriteriaforspecificallyinducingtheanalagesic,antiviral,anticancerandalsohelpforexploringotherexpectedbiologicalactivities.Theanaloguewassynthesizedbyapplyingtheconventionalsolutionmethodandthecouplingbetweenpeptideandnucleosideadenosinewascarriedoutthroughamidelinkage.Confirmityofthesyntheticprocedurewasachievedbyapplyingdifferentphysico-chemicalanalysesincluding,thinlayerchromatography(T.L.C)andmeltingpoint(M.P.),infraredspectroscopy(IR),elementalanalysis(CHNanalysis),opticalrotation,aminoacidanalysisandNMR

Keywords

adenosine met-Enkaphaline analogue

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EFFECTOFELLAGICACIDONSOMETYPESOFPATHOGENICBACTERIA

KadhemK.Ghudhaib, EkbalR.Hanna, AlaaHusseinJawad

Pages: 79-85 English

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Abstract

Biologicalactivityofellagicacidtowardsomepathogenicstrainsbacteria (Staphylococcusepidermatis,Bacilluscereus,KlebsiellapneumoniaandSalmonellatyphi)wasstudied.Theinvestigationwasconductedusingplate-agarmethod.Gentamycinandstreptomycinwereusedasstandarddrugs.Theresultsshowthatthebiologicalactivityofellagicacidwasmoreeffectivethangentamycinandstreptomycin.Also,theminimumeffectivedoseofellagicacidwasfoundtobe0.15mg|ml,whiletheminimumeffectivedosesofgentamycinandstreptomycinwere0.3mg|mland2mg|ml,respectively

Keywords

Antibacterial Activity Ellagic acid Gram positive and gram negative bacteria

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SYNTHESISANDCHARACTERIZATIONOFSOMEMETALIONSWITH{[5-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-1,3,4-OXADIAZOL-2-YL]THIO}ACETICACID

EmadYousif, EvaRentschler

Pages: 86-92 English

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Abstract

ewmetalcomplexesoftheligand{[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]thio}aceticacidwiththemetalionsNi(II),Cu(II),Zn(II),Cd(II)andSn(II)werepreparedinalcoholicmedium.ThepreparedcomplexeswerecharacterizedbyFTIRSpectroscopy,electronicspectroscopy1HNMR,13CNMR,magneticsusceptibilityandconductivitymeasurements.Fromthespectralmeasurements,monomerstructuresforthecomplexeswereproposed.Squareplanargeometrywasproposedforthecoppercomplex. Theothercomplexeswereproposedtobetetrahedral

Keywords

1 3 4-Oxadiazole carboxylate metal complexes spectroscopy

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EVALUATION OF INTERELEMENT EFFECTS OF AgCuTi TERNARYSYSTEMBYX-RAY FLUORESCENCETECHNIQUE

ThamirAbdul-JabbarJuma

Pages: 93-98 English

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Abstract

TheinterelementeffectsofAg-Cu-TiTernarysystemwasstudiedbyx-rayfluorescencetoobtaintheconcentrationofeachelementaccurately.TernarycompactedofhighpuremetalsofAg-Cu-Tiasagreenpelletswereprepared.Wavelengthdispersivetechniquewasusedtomeasurethefluorescentintensitiesofternarysystematthesameoperationcondition.Theintensitiesoftheternaryelementsinthespectrumwerenon-linearlyrelatedtoconcentrationofeachelementduetotheabsorptionandenhancementeffects.Agabsorbsx-rayfluorescenceofTimorethanCu.BinaryinfluencecoefficientswereobtainedfromthevaluesofrelativeintensitiestocalculatetheelementalconcentrationofternarysystemusingBB(BettieBerssey)algorithm

Keywords

elementary analysis Fluorescence ternary effect X-Ray

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HIDDEN FEATURE SDETECTION USING HISTOGRAM MODIFICATION INMRIIMAGES

SamarO.Essa

Pages: 99-104 English

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Abstract

MagneticResonanceImaging(MRI)usesmagnetizationandradiowaves,ratherthanx-raystomakeverydetailed,cross-sectionalpicturesofthebrain.Inthisworkwearegoingtoexplainsomeproceduresbelongscontrastandbrightnessimprovementwhichisveryimportantintheimprovementtheimagequalitysuchasthemanipulationwiththeimagehistogram.Itshasbeenexplainedinthisworkedthehistogramshrinki.e.reducingthesizeofthegraylevelgivesadimlowcontrastpictureisproduced,where,thehistogramstretchingofthegraylevelwasdistributedonawidescalebutthereisnoincreaseinthenumberofpixelsinthebrightregion.Thehistogramequalizationhasalsobeendiscusstogetherwithitseffectsoftheimprovementoftheimageclarity

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EFFECTOFBODYMASS INDEXONLEFTVENTRICULARMASS

MayFadheelEstephan

Pages: 113-123 English

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Abstract

Background:Increasedleftventricularmass(LVM)asdeterminedby2-dimensionedM-modeechocardiographyisapredictorofcardiovascularmorbidityandmortality.Objective:TheaimofthisstudywastoinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenLVMandbodymassindex(BMI)categoriesincrosssectionstudy.Methods:LVMweremeasuredbyusingM-modeechocardiographyinasampleof160individuals(male=71,female=89)withagerangingfrom16-80years,referredbyaphysician.Thosewithapositivehistoryofhypertension(HT),diabetesmellitus(DM),coronaryarterydisease(CAD)constituted82individuals;theremaining78wereregardedasacontrolgroupnegativeforcardiacapparentproblems.Results:Meaninteriorventricularseptumdiastolic(IVSd),leftventricularposteriorwalldiastolic(LVPWd)andLVMwereincreasedincasesgroup(thesubjectswithoneormoreofthefollowingillness((HT),(DM),and(CAD))comparedtonormalcontrol.ThemeanIVSd,LVPWdshowedastatisticalofsignificantweakpositivelinearcorrelationwithBMIwhilethemeanoftheleftventricularinteriordimensiondiastolic(LVIDd)andLVMwassignificantlyhigheramongobesesubjectscomparedtothesubjectswithnormalBMIamongthetotalsample.Amongthesubgroupofcontrols,onlytheLVMretaineditspositivelinearcorrelationwithBMI.Conclusions:LVMwaspositivelyassociatedwithBMIandthisassociationseemstobeindependentofothercardiacdiseasesassociatedwithBMI.Theremainingthreeparametersshowedaweakassociationafteradjustingforage,gender,andpresenceproblems

Keywords

Body mass index(BMI) Interior ventricular septum diastolic(IVSd) left ventricular interior dimension diastolic(LVIDd) Left ventricular mass(LVM) left ventricular posterior wall diastolic(LVPWd)

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RADONDOSIMETRYUSINGCR_39ASATRACKDETECTOR

NadaF., NahidaJ.Hameed

Pages: 124-128 English

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STUDYTHESTRUCTURALANDELECTRICAL PROPERTIE SOF CdTe:AgTHIN FILMS

HanaaI.Mohammed

Pages: 129-135 English

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Abstract

Theinfluenceofsilverdopedn-typepolycrystallineCdTefilmwiththicknessof200nmandratedepositionof0.3nm.s-1preparedunderhighvacuumusingthermalco-evaporationtechniqueonitssomestructuralandelectricalpropertieswasreported.TheX-rayanalysisshowedthatallsamplesarepolycrystallineandhavethecubiczincblendstructurewithpreferentialorientationinthe[111]direction.Filmsdopingwithimpuritypercentages(2,3,and4)%Agleadtoasignificantincreaseinthecarrierconcentration,soitisfoundtochangefrom23.493108cm-3to59.297108cm-3forpureanddopedCdTethinfilmswith4%Agrespectively.ButfilmsdopingwithimpuritypercentagesaboveleadtoasignificantdecreaseintheelectricalconductivityandHallmobility,sotheyarefoundtochangefrom6.310-7(.cm)-1to1.5910-7(.cm)-1,andfrom16.759102cm2.(V.sec)-1to1.675102cm2.(V.sec)-1respectively,forpureanddopedCdTethinfilmswith4%Ag.Andalsothedopingleadtochangethekindofconductivityforthinfilmsobtain,sowefoundthatpureCdTethinfilmisn-typeandthenconverttop-typewhenthinfilmdopedwith(2,3,and4)%Ag

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DESIGNANDSIMULATINGTWO INPUTCONVERTERANDTESTINGTHE PV PANEL PSPICEMODEL

ZainabM.Kubba, ZaidSamair

Pages: 136-146 English

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Abstract

Thispaperdealswiththedesignandsimulationoftwoinputconverter.Thefirstinputisaphotovoltaicmoduleandtheotherisabattery.ThephotovoltaicmodulewasrepresentedastheequivalentcircuitsimplementedinORCADPSPICEprogram;theuseofequivalentcircuitmakesitpossibletoinvestigatethecharacteristicsofaPVmodule.Thewaveformsobtainedfromtransientsimulationofbuckconverterfordifferentmodesofoperationboundary,continuousanddiscontinuousarepresented.TheresultsoftheconvertersimulationwithPVmodelshowagoodagreementtothatmeasuredbybattery

Keywords

DC-DCConverter multiple input PSpice PV Module

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IMMUNOGLOBULINLEVELS INSERUMANDCERVICOVAGINALSECRETIONSOF PATIENTS INFECTEDWITHTRICHOMONASVAGINALIS

EkhlasMushrif, AzharHatifAl-Kuraishi, AliH.Ad ́hiah

Pages: 147-151 English

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Abstract

Background:TrichomoniasiscausedbyTrichomonasvaginalis,isoneofthemostcommonsexuallytransmittedparasitesintheworld,accountingforapproximately170millioninfectionsannually.Althoughthefactorbehindssuchincidenceisstillnotclear,localand systemichostimmuneresponseisinvolved.Objectives:Accordingly,thepresentresearchwasplannedtodeterminethelevelofimmunoglobulins(IgA,IgGandIgM)inseraandvaginalwashesofwomeninfectedwithT.vaginalis.MaterialsandMethods:FifteenwomeninfectedwithT.vaginalis(cultureconfirmed)and15healthyfemaleswereinspectedfortotallevelofIgA,IgGandIgMintheirseraandvaginalwashesbymeansof singleradialimmunodiffusion.Results:ThetotallevelofIgA,IgGandIgMinserumandvaginalwashofpatientsandcontrolsshowednosignificantdifference,withtheexceptionofIgG,whichshowedasignificantincreasedmeanintheseraofpatients.Conclusion:HumoralimmuneresponseisimportantincontrollingT.vaginalis,withaspecialreferencetoIgG

Keywords

Immunoglobulins serum and vaginal wash Trichomonas vaginalis

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HISTOLOGICALCHANGESONTHELUNGOFTHEOFFSPRING FROMMOTHERSTREATEDWITHURANYLACETATE INALBINORATS

SabahN.Alwachy, HimenH.Othman, NusaibaAmir

Pages: 152-158 English

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Abstract

Thisstudywascarriedouttoinvestigatethetoxicityoftheoraladministrationofuranylacetateontheactivityofsomevitalorgans.Twentymaturefemalesandtenmalesofalbinoratswereusedinthisexperiment.Theyweredividedintofourequalgroups.Thefirstgroup(G1)usedascontrolreceivedonlydistilledwater,whiletheothersadministratedorallyby(50,75and100mg/kg/b.w./dayofuranylacetate)for70days(10weeks).Lungwastakenfromtheoffspringattwoagestages(3rdand5thweeks)forthecurrentstudy.Ratsexposedtodifferentdosesofuranylacetateshowedasignificant(p<0.05)decreaseinbodyweight(b.w)oftheoffspringat 3rdweekage,whileb.woftheoffspringrevealednosignificanceatthe 5thweekage.Furthermore,histopathologicalsectionofthelungoftheoffspringrevealedthesamelesionswithdifferseverityaccordingtothedose,includingcongestioninthepulmonarybloodvesselsspeciallybranchesofveinandinthealveolarcapillaries,itwasalsoshowed,focalinfiltrationofmononuclearinflammatorycells(lymphocytes)andthickeningofthealveolarwallinsomeareaandinfiltrationoflymphocytesduetonarrowingofthealveolarlumen(atelectasis)whichleadtohyperplasiaofthecellularelements

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THE ASSOCIATION OF AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS WITH RHEUMA TO IDARTHRITIS

WisalSalmanAbdMohsen

Pages: 159-163 English

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Abstract

TherehasbeencontroversyoverthepossibleassociationofantithyroidwithRA(ThyroiditiswithRheumatoidArthritis).Wehavethereforecomparedtheprevalencethyroidantibodyantithyroglobuline(anti-TG)andabnormalthyroidstimulatinghormone(TSH)levelsin57RApatientswith20agedmatchedcontrol.9(16%)oftheRApatientshadthyroidAbwhereasnooneofcontrolhadthyroidAb(p<0.01).RApatientshadTSHlevelsbetween(6-25mU/L),whileallcontrolgrouphadTSHlevelswithinnormalrange(p<0.01).TheseresultssuggeststhatRAisassociatedwithRAhaveminorhypothyroidism

Keywords

Hypothyroidism Rheumatoid arthritis Thyroglobulin antibodies Thyroiditis

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DIGITALDERMATOGLYPHICCHARACTERISTICS IN PATIENTSWITHSEXHORMONESANOMALIES

RakadM.Kh.Al-Jumaily, FadhelM.Lafta, LameesKh.I.Al-Dahiri, LaithZ.Fadhil

Pages: 164-169 English

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Abstract

Background:Dermatoglyphicsarethedermalridgeconfigurationsondigits,palmsandsoles.Dermatoglyphicpolymorphismresultsfromtheinteractionofgeneticandenvironmentalfactors.Thedermatoglyphicanalysisisavaluablecompletionofinitialdiagnosisofsomesyndromesanddiseasesthataregeneticallydetermined.Ourobjectivewastoassesstherelationshipbetweendigitaldermatoglyphicpatternsand sexhormonesanomalies.Methods:Dermatoglyphicpatterntypefrequencies(qualitativeanalysis),totalandabsoluteridgecounts(quantitativeanalysis)andleft/rightasymmetrywereassessedfor54maleswithsexhormonesanomaliesand55controls .Results:Dermatoglyphicspatterntypefrequencieswerealteredinpatientswithsexhormonesanomaliesversuscontrols.Inparticular,therewasanincreaseanddecreaseofwhorls(38.2%vs.33.5%)andulnarloops(51.7%vs.58.5%)respectively.Thedifferencesweresignificant(2=10.335;D.F.=3;P0.05).Inquantitativeanalysis,patientsshowedahighermeanridgescountthancontrolsinboth;theTRC(159.815.46vs.144.615.84)andARC(213.7211.19vs.187.9611.07)respectively,andasignificantdifferencewasobservedinTRCanalysis(t=1.899;d.f.=107;p=0.06).Amongpatientswithsexhormonesanomalies44.44%ofthemhadahigherridgecountsonthelefthandthanonrighthandversus38%incontrols . Conclusion:Ourresultssupportedthehypothesisthatprenatalsexhormoneslevelsmayhaveasignificanteffectonthedevelopmentofdermatoglyphics

Keywords

Dermatoglyphics sex hormones anomalies

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TREATMENTOFDISEASEDMICEWITHCARCINOMABYACTIVATINGTHEIMMUNECELLSBYSOFTLASERWITHOUTDRUGS

AidaZ.Khaleel

Pages: 170-174 English

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Abstract

Regionalimmuneresponsewithmammaryglandcarcinomahasbeenstudiedstatisticallyandhistologically.However,theprognosticvalueremainsconflicting.Thisworkwasconductedon30laboratorymiceincludinghealthymice,anddiseasedmicewithcarcinomanottreatedwithlaser(controlgroup)anddiseasedmicewithcarcinomatreatedwithlaser.Thenumberofimmunecellsofthelymphnodeswasestimatedbyusingameshlenswhichinsertedintotheeyepieceofthemicroscope.Theresultsshowedsignificantincreaseinthenumberofimmunecellsofthelymphnodeofthediseasedmicewithcarcinomatreatedwithlaserincomparisonwiththatofhealthymiceanddiseasedmicewithcarcinomanottreatedwithlaserrespectively.Thehistologicalexaminationofthepreparedsectionsofthelymphnodesofthediseasedmicewithcarcinomatreatedwithlasershowedvariouschangesinthestructureoftheimmunecellssuchasmultiplicationofthenucleusandcytoplasmcleavageduetolaserstimulation.Thegrossobservationsprovedthattherewasadecreaseintumorsizeofthediseasedmicewithcarcinomaaftertreatmentwithlaserincomparisonwithnottreatedwithlaser.Theaimofthestudywastoevaluatetheeffectoflowlevellasertherapy(LLLT)onincreasingtheresponseofimmunesystembystimulatingthelymphnodeactioninordertoinhabitcancercellactivitywhichleadstodecreasethetumorsizeindiseasedmice

Keywords

carcinoma immune response laser treatment

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RELATIVELYCANCELLATIONMODULES

LaylaS.Mahmood, BothaynahN.Shihab, ThairS.Rasheed

Pages: 175-182 English

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CONTRACTIONMAPPINGTHEOREMOFTHESPACEOFFUZZYNUMBERS

MaryGadbaanThoubaanAl-Zieady

Pages: 183-188 English

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SYMMETRYOFTHEBALLISTICEQUATIONS

InaamA.Malloki

Pages: 189-193 English

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SOLUTIONS FORLINEAR FREDHOLM-VOLTTERRA INTEGRALEQUATIONSOFTHESECONDKINDUSINGTHEREPEATEDCORRECTEDTRAPEZOIDALANDSIMPSONSMETHODS

SalamJ.Majeed, HudaH.Omran

Pages: 194-204 English

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ONg, g*, g**-COMPACT FUNCTIONS

HaiderJ.Ali, ArkanJ.Mohammed

Pages: 205-209 English

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Abstract

Inthispaperweintroduceandstudyg, g*, g* *-compactfunctionsandwestudytherelationofcompactfunctionswiththistypesofthefunctions.Finally,westudyfurthertheoremsandpropertiesong , g*, g* *-compactfunctions

Keywords

Compact function g-Compact set Generalized closed set

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ARTINEXPONENTOFUSINGBRAUERCOEFFICIENTTHEOREM

AwssJabbarMajeed

Pages: 210-218 English

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HOMOTOPY PERTURBATIONMETHOD FORSOLVINGSPECIALTYPESOFNONLINEAR FREDHOLM INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIALEQUATIONS

AhlamJ.Khaleel

Pages: 219-224 English

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Abstract

Nonlinearphenomenaplaycrucialruleinappliedmathematics.Explicitsolutionstothenonlinearequationsareoffundamentalimportance.Variousmethodsforobtainingexplicitsolutionstononlinearequationshavebeenproposed.Inthiswork,thehomotopyperturbationmethodisemployedforsolvingtheinitialvalueproblemsofspecialtypesofnonlinearfirstorderFredholmintegro-differentialequationswithsomeillustrativeexamples.Thefinalresultsoftheseexamplesobtainedbymeansofthehomotopyperturbationmethodwherecomparedwiththeresultsobtainedfromtheexactsolutionsshowthatthismethodgaveeffectiveresults

Keywords

hompotopy perturbation method nonlinear Fredholmintegro-differentialequations

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ADOMAINDECOMPOSITIONMETHOD FORSOLVINGSYSTEMSOFMULTI-DIMENSIONALLINEARFREDHOLM INTEGRALEQUATIONSOFTHESECONDKIND

AhlamJameelKhaleel, HananMahmoodHasoon,

Pages: 225-228 English

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THECOLLOCATIONMETHOD FORSOLVINGNONHOMOGENEOUSFUZZYBOUNDARYVALUE PROBLEMS

OsamaH.Mohammed, FadhelS.Fadhel

Pages: 229-234 English

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Abstract

Inthispaper,thecollocationmethodisconsideredtosolvethenonhomogeneousfuzzyboundaryvalueproblems,inwhichthefuzzinessappearedtogetherintheboundaryconditionsandinthenonhomogeneoustermofthedifferentialequation.Themethodofsolutiondependsontransformingthefuzzyproblemtoequivalentcrispproblemsusingtheconceptofα-levelsets

Keywords

Fuzzy boundary value problems fuzzy sets the collocation method α-level sets

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ANEVOLUTIONARYBASED IMAGEGENERATOR

AmenahDahimAbooud

Pages: 235-246 English

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Abstract

Thispaperpresentsafastalgorithmthatutilizesevolutionaryalgorithmforpatchbasedimagegeneration.Thealgorithmattemptstofindthemostappropriatecollectionofsourcesquareimagepatchesthatcangeneratealtogetheragivencolored/graytargetimage.Eachpatchholdscompleteinformationforbothluminanceandchromaticcomponentsfromthesourceimagetobeusedtogenerateaspecifiedtargetpatch.Thedifficultiesareoccurredwhenchromaticandluminanceinformationistobetransferredtoablankcanvastogenerateaspecifiedtargetimage.TheproposedEvolutionaryAlgorithm(EA)isusedtoovercomethesedifficultiesandattemptstofindanacceptableandperceivedsolutiontothisproblembythesearchforbestpatchluminancematchinguntilaspecifiednumberofgenerationsismet.Also,thisalgorithmmodifiesthetraditionaluniformcrossovertoamulti-sexualrecombinationoperatorwhichinheritsvitalgenesamongallindividualtoonesupergeneratedoffspring.Allotheroffspringaregeneratedbymutatingthatsuperoffspring.Theexperimentalresultshavedemonstratedthatgoodresultscanbeobtainedwithreasonableconvergencespeed.Also,resultsshowthatwhenthepatchsizeisincreasing,themeansquareerrorisdecreasing

Keywords

Evolutionary algorithm Image Generation luminance and chromatic

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AUTOMATICDISCOVERYOFCANDIDATE INTHERELATIONALDATABASESKEYSBYUSINGATTRIBUTESSETSCLOSURE

YasmeenF.Al-ward

Pages: 247-255 English

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Abstract

Theautomationofdatabasedesign,designweakpoints'detection,re-engineeringandschemamodification,andnormalizationofthedatabasesystemsbecamethecrucialaspectsindatabasesstudies.Inrealapplicationsdatabasesthediscoveryofcandidatekeysisregardedasachallengeforthedesigners.Thisresearchproposesanalgorithmtoautomatethediscoveryofthecandidatekeysinthedatabasesdependingontheattributessetclosureandfunctionaldependency,FD,rules.Inthisresearch,thefunctionaldependencyrulesareregardedasproductionrulestoproductbinarystringswhichrepresentthesetsofattributesandthecandidatekeys.Representingtherulesandthesetsofattributesasbinarystringallowsproposingnovelstringmatchingandorderedstringsmergingwhichlinearlyspeeduptheexecutiontimeaccordingtothenumberofattributesandthenumberoffunctionaldependencyrules.TheproposedsystemwastestedsuccessfullybyusingmanyactualandsynthesisschemasanddependenciessomeoftheseschemasanddependenciesincludeonehundredattributesandonehundredFDrulesrespectively

Keywords

Attributessetclosure Candidatekeys Canonicalsynthesis DataRedundancy FunctionalDependency Normalization Production Rule System

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