Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

The ligand bis[4-phenyl 2-diporpyl amino methyl 1,2,4-triazole 3-thion-5 yl] methane and its metal complexes,Ni(П),Zn(П),Hg(П),were synthesized.The prepared complexes were identified and their structural geometries were suggested by using flame atomic absorption technique ,FT-IR and Uv-Vis spectrophotometry in addition to magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements .The stoichiometry of the complexes formed in ethanol solution were determined using ,the mole ratio method,gave result which were compared successfully with those obtained from isolated solid state studied.Structural geometries of compounds were also suggested in gas phase by using theoretical treatments via HyperChem-6 program for the molecular mechanics and semi-empirical calculations .The heat of formation (fο∆Η) and binding energy (bE∆) for the free ligand and its metal complexes were calculated by PM3to evaluate the vibration spectra of mannich base and to compare the theoretically calculated wave numbers with experimental values by using (4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-5 yl) methane as authentic compound .The theoretically obtained frequencies agreed calculation helped to assign unambiguously the most diagnostic bands

This study involve in an estimation of some metals in sera of workers in one of the dyes industries in Baghdad city, thecontent of blood serum from lead, copper and zinc were analyzed in twenty two sera samples of workers using the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) instrument type(AAS VARID 6 Analytik Jena AG), also, twenty two sera samples were used as a control casesin this study .It was found that the zinc concentrations were decreased in the sera of workers who worked in the dyes industry compared to control cases, but increased in the levels of both two elements lead and copper in the sera of workers compared withthe control cases

Computational study at different levels of quantum calculations (AM1, PM3 and ab initio(HF/3-21G)) where preformed on the inverse-demand synchronous concerted Diels-Alder reactions between dimethyl 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate as a diene and a variety of dienophiles (ethylene, cyclopentadiene, 1-hexene, cyclohexene). All the molecular structures (reactants, transition states, intermediates and adducts) were optimized by AM1 method. The calculated energies and volumes showed that the cycloaddition systems followed a mechanism by formation an intermediate and proceed to eject N2molecule and ended by 1,2-hydrogen shift adduct. The prediction of the reaction energies of modeling of the cycloaddition reactions under-study by semiempirical AM1 method showed a good agreement with the experimental data comparing with PM3 and HF/3-21G. whereas, the prediction of activation energies by (AM1, PM3 and ab initio (HF/3-21G)) showed overestimated values comparing withexperimental data

New diorganotin(IV) complexes of the type Ph2SnL2, Bu2SnL2and Me2SnL2 of the ligand benzamidocysteine (LH). Ligand formed by reaction of benzoyl chloride with cysteine in presence of sodium hydroxide. The prepared complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, conductance measurements and nuclearmagnetic resonance (1H,13C and119Sn NMR) spectral data. From the spectral measurements, monomer structures for the complexes were proposed. Bidentate and Octahedral geometry was proposed for the complexes prepared. Preliminary in vitro tests for fungicidal activity show that all prepared compounds display good activity to Gibberela, Cercospora arachidicola, Physolospora piricola and Fusarium oxysporum

Amoxicillin trihydrate selective electrodes were prepared based on amoxicillin-phosphotungstate (Amox-PT) as an active sensor with different plasticizers, di-butyl phosphate (DBP), di-butyl phthalate (DBPH), di-octyl phthalate (DOPH), tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) and o-nitro phenyl octyl ether (NPOE) in PVC matrix membranes. The study was carried out to investigate the electrode parameters, effect of pH, selectivity and UV-derivative spectrophotometer technique. Internal filling solution of 10-3 M + 10-3 M NaCl was used to fill the electrodes. The best electrode was based on DBP plasticizer which gave a slope 58.7 mV/decade and detection limit of 2 x 10-6 M displayed good stability and reproducibility. The electrode was used to determine the amoxicillin in oral suspension and capsules. The results were compared with UV-derivative spectrophotometer technique and the recovery for the drugs obtained by second derivative are quite comparable with the recovery obtained by amoxicillin electrodes.

In this research, the adsorption of dazometfrom aqueous solution on kaolin at (30 C ̊) was studied. It was observed that the adsorption was consistent with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm and thus it is evident that the multilayer adsorption takes place from solutions. The adsorption phenomena were investigated with respect to change in concentration, and duration of process. The adsorption rate of dazomet was found to fit the first-order of kinetic equation. Also, the adsorption rate decreased linearly with the initial concentration which evident that the adsorption is controlled by a film diffusion mechanism.

In this paper;Se0.3Te0.7alloywas prepared by mixing Selenium and tellurium of high purity using vacuum evaporation technique, this alloywas prepared as thin films at different substrate temperature; (25, 50, 100, 150) Co.The annealing was done for some of the prepared films at 200oC.The powder of the prepared alloy was tested by X-Ray diffraction; the result shows that the structure of the Se0.3Te0.7alloy was polycrystalline. From Hall effectresults; the films was found as p-type, the density of the charge carriers (N) was calculated at differentsubstrate temperature, the concentration of charges carriers of the annealed films was decreased.The optical properties of Se0.3Te0.7films were studied, the values of the optical energy gaps were calculated and it was 0.48eVat room temperature, this value was increase at the increasing of the substrate temperature. The value of energy gap of the annealed film was calculated and it was 0.62eVat room temperature.The refraction index was calculated at room temperature as a function of the wave length at 2100 nm;it found to be4.2

Background: Transesophageal echocardiography TEE is performed in subjects with atrialseptal defect (ASD) to define the characteristics of left atrial appendage (LAA) blood flow pattern.Normally, LAA flow velocity pattern is primarily determined by the left heart performance. We hypothesized that the impact of left –side heart dynamics on LAAflow velocity pattern is diminished in patients with ASD because of the presence of a left –to-right shunt into the low-resistance right side of the heart.Methods:Transesophageal echocardiography was performed in 29 adults with a large uncomplicated secundum ASD. Maximum defect diameter varied from 1.40 -to -3.9 cm, mean (2.37 ±0.79) cm. All patients were in normal sinus rhythm. Results: In 29 subjects the LAA flow velocity pattern lacked distinct early diastolic LAA outflow wave. Instead, we notice that the early diastolic LAA outflow and LAA contractionwavesin late diastolic contraction tend to merge followed by a slightly higher emptying velocity (early systolic velocity).Conclusion:The pattern of flow velocity of left atrial appendage by spectral pulsed Doppler echocardiography affected by ASD hemodynamics.

Blood bank stored RBCs were reported to undergo several changes including RBCs membrane protein changes. The present study was designed to investigate the responses of stored RBCs in term of membrane stability of cells to γ-ray. Stored RBCs for 15 days and 30 days was associated with a significant decrease in the stability of RBCs relative to (fresh RBCs). In addition, 1Gy gamma radiation did not change the stability of fresh or stored RBC. In contrast, 10Gy gamma radiation was associated with a further significant decrease in the stability of 15 days stored RBCs relative to (fresh RBCs). However, an apparent significant increase in the stability was observed for the RBCs stored for 30 days and irradiated by 10Gy gamma radiation

The films of amorphous germanium (a–Ge) were prepared by thermal evaporation under high vacuum conditions (10-6) torr.The influence of various thickness (1000–5000 ) Ǻon the d.c electrical conductivity (σRT) at 303K and optical energy gaps (Eg) of (a –Ge ) was studied.The temperature dependence of conductivity for various thickness recorded in the range (303–503)K consisted of two regions, medium and high temperature regions.It's found that the results of the energy gap decrease from 1.05 eV to 0.86 eV.as the thickness increase from 1000 Ǻto 5000 Ǻrespectively while d.c conductivity (σRT) increase from 3.05×10-4(Ω.cm)-1to 2.209×10−3(Ω.cm)−1respectively with the same variation of thickness

This paper present studying the effect of gravitational lensing on magnification factor and the location of image for distant object (quasar).We assume the lens to be point mass lens. The cosmological parameters are represent by mathematical equations and programmed by mat lab language to compute these parameters .The results show the mass lens a great effect on the image position magnification and agreement with other models

This work is carried out at The NOFER Institute laboratories of Occupational Medicine, LodzPoland. The aim of this research is to study of the filtration effect on the personal film badge XO film type (Foton –Warszawa, Poland) sensitivity by using the roentgen tube type Pantak HF-320 and the water slab phantom as recommended by NCRP. By changing the radiation energy at fixed dose, the film sensitivity will change according to the mean energy. It is found that the maximum sensitivity for the film approaches the energy of 33 keV. Construction of a film holder (badge), which contains the filters, four pairs of filters (0.05 mm Cu, 0. 5 mm Cu, 1. 5 mm Cu and 1.0 mm Pb), moreover, there is an open window in the badge. The holder filters will overcome the sensitivity changing of the film, so it must be used. It is found that, there is decreasing in optical density according to the increasing of Cu-filter thickness, the optical density of the Pb is the lowest in the (24-248keV) range. There is increasing in optical density (film sensitivity) by changing the radiation energy at fixed dose up to 33keV, which record the maximum sensitivity of the film. Anon–linear correlation has been found between the optical density and the radiation dose, this curve, called–calibration curve. The typical background of the film has been found below 0.1 mSv, thus the lowest measurable dose was calculated to be 0.1 mSv. It is found that the optical density increases with the absorbed dose, which is attributed to the photo degradation of the films, may induce localized states in the energy gap causing increasing in optical absorption up to (33keV). For the high energy, the optical density decreases, which attributed to the photo degradation of the films may cause some cracks at the film surface.The optical analysis of the film surface in the sites shielded by the filters and in the open window allows calculating three components of the radiation spectrum of energy weak, medium and hard. The method described byDresler method is to determine calibrationfunction. This method in film badge calibration is more accurate than that used which uses gamma source (Ra-226) as a calibration source in our country, because of using x-ray source of different energy is taking into account the exposing radiation of different energy of the worker in radiation field, its effect on the film sensitivity, and the personal dosimeter.

Semen samples of 90 asthenospermic patients were examined, then they were divided into three main equal groups. In the first group, Oxytocin (OT) addition in three concentrations (2, 4, and 6 IU/ml) with sperm preparation medium (SPM) to the semen samples was investigated. Changes in sperm function tests and seminal biochemistry was used as indicator of effect. Results indicated that a significant increase in sperm grade activity in 2 IU/ml OT with a tendency for a decrease in this motility parameter in higher OT concentration. Concentration 2 IU/ml of OT was applied with SPM and without in the second and third groups, respectively. In presence of SPM, a significant increase in the sperm motility characteristics (the percentage of sperm motility and sperm grade activity) was observed. While when SPM was absent, non-significant change in these parameters was seen. These findings indicate that OT at the concentration of 2 IU/ml has got a stimulatory effect on sperm motility characteristics. Using of SPM potentiated this effect of OT.Total protein (TP), cholesterol, calcium, creatine kinase (CK), and fructose were measured in the seminal plasma and in the supernatant of sperm suspension of OT-treated and control samples. According to the results, a high significant increase in cholesterol was found in the external medium, this may be attributed to loss of cholesterol from the plasma membrane of the sperm. Also, OT may modify cellular calcium transport across the plasma membrane, resulting in high intracellular calcium concentration and a high significant decrease in level of calcium i

The presence of anticardiolipin in serum of multiple sclerosis patients has been reported frequently but no clear relationship between anticardiolipin and the clinical neuroimaging features of multiple sclerosis. To analyze the possible role of anticardiolipin antibody in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. We investigated(22) patients with multiple sclerosis of ages 25-45 years. The patients were also compared with(20) healthy individuals.We found there was a highly significant elevation in the concentration of IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibody in patient with multiple sclerosis than in control group P < 0.001.The prevalence of IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibody was 36.4% and 27.3% respectively.There was a highly significant difference between study groups. The findings of this preliminary study show that increased levels of anticardiolipin IgG and IgM associated with exacerbations of multiple sclerosis.The significance of this association in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis remains unknown

Aim of the presentinvestigationwas to assess byusing(M.T.T)assay a (colorimetric assay) to measure the cytotoxic activity ofcrude saponin extractedfromalfalfa medicago sativa L, Al-jjat,on two malignant tumor cell line (Rhabdomyosarcoma(RD) and Human epidermoid larynx carcinoma(HEP-2)cell line,and one typenormal cell line RatEmbryo Fibroblast (R EF)cell line.throughdifferent exposure time (24, 48,and72hrs)anddifferentconcentrationofalfalfacrudesaponinextract (1000,500,250,125,62.5,and 31 mg/ml).The Result showed that the crudesaponin extractedfrom alfalfa have significant effectsP value0.05on the Growth of the twomaligninant cell line(RD and HEP-2 cell line)in culture in dose and time-dependant manner.Viability of cell lines decreased with time and concentration reaching its lowest after 72 hrs of treatment with the highestconcentration used (1000 mg/ml).Inaddition,the growth of(RD)cell linewas more sensitive to the alfalfacrude saponinin comparisonwith the growth of (HEP-2) cell line.From the other side the result showed thatthere is no significant effectP value 0.05at these crude extracton the viability ofnormal cell line (MEF cell line).Only the Treatment with higherconcentration (1000μg/ml) after 72 hrs caused significant reductionP value0.05inthe(MEF)cell line growth

The standard classical discretization methods of differential equations often produce difference equations that do not share dynamics with their continuous counterparts; Recently,[4] has developed successful non-standard discretization schemes that produce dynamical consistency, which numerical analysis value highly. Many authors have adapted these methods to various biological models. We reviewed a non-standard discretized biological model of a Lotka-Volterrs Predator-Prey system in a general form and discussed the stability analysis of its periodic solutions. We also discussed a numerical example of this analysis using the non-standard discretized Predator-Prey model the name of executed program for drawing and calculation is “MATLAB 7.0”.

We define a para−Lindelöf bitopological space and semipar−Lindelöf bitopological space and we find some properties of these concepts and give the relation between these concepts

It has been observed for some time that the standard (classical) discretization methods of differential equations often produce difference equations that do not share their dynamics Mickens[21]. An illustrative example is the logistic difference equations )x1(xdtdx−β=.Where x(t) represent the density of species A at time t, βis positive number, Euler’s discretization scheme produces the logistic difference equation x(n+1) = μx (n) (1-x(n)), Which possesses a remarkably different dynamics such as period-doubling bifurcation route to chaos. A more popular discretization method is to modify the given differential equation to another with piecewise-constant arguments and then to integrate the modified equation. In some instance, this produces a different equation whose dynamics is closed to its original differential equation. However, oftentimes this is not the case. Nevertheless, many authors [1, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10] find it interesting to study the resulting difference equations. This is not a criticism of these author’s research, since the study of nonlinear difference equations is of paramount importance regardless of whether or not they have connections with differential equations. But what we are actually saying is that from the point of view of numerical analysis such study is of less importance.This paper itself with those numerical schemes that produce difference equations whose dynamics resembles that of their continuous counter-parts. The most fruitful methods are those of Mickens[14] (for asymptotically stable systems) and of Kahan[16] (for periodic systems).The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 establishes the basic stability results for Lotka-Volterra differential systems. Section 3 surveys some classical discretization methods that are widely used and show their shortcomings. Section 4 provides the reader with essential intgredients of Mickens nonstandard discretization scheme. In section 5, we discretize a periodic Lotka-Volterra differential system using Kahan’s scheme[16]. It is shown that the solutions of the resulting difference equation lie on closed curves surrounding the positive equilibrium point. In section 6, we consider a Kolmogrove continuous model of cooperative system[13]. This model was discretized in[7] using the method of piecewise-constant argument. Surprisingly, the resulting difference equation is dynamically consistent with its continuous counterpart.

In this paper we handle the problem of scheduling/rescheduling project activities when there is more than one method (alternatives) available to execute the project activities, each method has its own time duration and resource requirements and also there is a dependency between the methods of execution the activities , A suggested method is presented here to deal with activities dependency and the ant colony optimization metaheuristic approach is used to find the best set of alternatives for the project activities in order to finish the project as soon as possible and identifying the critical path of the project.

This paper presents a discriminant algorithm that seeks to separate different classes as much as possible for discriminant analysis or dimension reduction.Theoptimizationisachieved through the maximization of the Fisher ratio (which is defined as the ratio of the between-class scatter to the sum of within-class scatters).Thisalgorithm forfeatureextractionshowsimprovementovertheconventional feature selection algorithms used in remote sensing as well with other applications. The conducted experiments are accomplished using both simulated Gaussian and real airborne MSS/TM satellite data for both large and small sample size. Although the conducted experiments are performed over the case of two classes, extension to n-dimensions can be easily obtained using the binary decision tree

This research proposes a simple method for issuer's authenticity verification of the Iraqi new passport form that is publicly named as (passport-G). This authentication method is based on a digital watermarking technology that is named as (vapor-mark), and it involves two phases: the embedding phase and the authentication phase. During the embedding phase, a reference number is embedded as a watermark in a specific location entire the passport bearer's photo. This reference number and its embedding location are derived and encoded from the issuing authentication data such as: the date of issue, the date of expiration, and the passport number. During the authentication phase, the passport is digitally scanned and the embedded reference number is extracted from the bearer's photo. Then, a verification algorithm is applied to compare the extracted reference number with that number derived fromthe printed issuing authentication data. If they are identical, then the passport-G is said to be authentic. Otherwise, an unauthorized passport-G reproduction or forgery is detected