AL-AMEED JOURNAL

This article aims to display the image of Prophet Mohammad (pbuh) in the poetry of his contemporaries، particularly Hassan Bin Sabet، Kaeb Bin Zuhair، and Kaeb Bin Malek Al-Ansari and take into account their different understandings of the Prophet (pbuh) which set their perspectives apart respectively regarding him as both a Prophet and a messenger. Moreover، their recital of poetry during both ages is considered، and it is psychologically natural for them not to lose all the values stuck to their minds during the Ignorance Age. Through their poetry، we will deduce how they employed their inherited ethical norms، which were morally regarded as high in the Age of Ignorance، to speak well of the Prophet، lamented him، and ridiculed his enemies as they take into consideration his niche in the Quranic text and the idea that those who follow poets are lost، excluding those who believe and support the his message.
What are the traditional qualities used by the three poets to describe the Prophet (pbuh)? What were the newer qualities derived from the message? How did each one of them express these qualities when they embraced Islam? How much of his teachings were they able to understand? Here we note the difference between the newly converted Kaeb Bin Zuhair’s praise and the Ansar’s ، and then the difference between Hassan’s poetry
- already being an elder by the time he converted to Islam - and the poetry of Kaeb who was still young when he was honoured with Islam. It is to conclude that the disparity between these poets’ visions of the Prophet is but a minimized picture of the heightened disparity between the levels in which his contemporaries understood him.

All the experts of language and literature and the people of eloquence and arts reach consensus on one fact that the greatest messenger is the most eloquent of the Arabs as he said that he is the most eloquent one in uttering the "dh" on the basis that he receives all the kinds of science . No vanity about saying that whatsoever he says is wreathed with the pinnacle of eloquence and the other necessary artistic values . The speeches the prophet delivers consist of the scientific expression، the art of the rhetoric and the content to yoke altogether the scientific language and that of arts . The secret of such a procedure lies in the target the prophet or the infallible chooses to convey the divine message ، the Islamic law ، to all people at all means . Sometimes he does it by a scientific language
، sometimes by the artistic expression and sometimes by an amalgam of them . That is why the current article finds existence in manifesting the prophetic literary texts to fathom the artistic values and the secrets of their beauty. Explicating the art of rhetoric in these texts and exposing their pragmatic scope are the core mission of the research study. No succour but from Him ، the last we do is to thank Him، the Evolver of the worlds

For the utterances to take hold of connotations and content they should revert into certain systems and rules to achieve such a semantic goal. Density is one of the linguistic authenticated rules the Arabic alone is celebrated with . Languages live as much as they are used systematically so that the utterances come closer to their content throughout age : they tend to be closer and concomitant and far from intermission or objection

The current article sheds light on Karbala Society: Its Structures and Social life Aspects in the Reign of Memaleek 1749 - 1831 and depends upon certain sources ; domestic endowment documents in Karbala، docu- mentary books ، History of Baghdad of Salomon Faaq ، Ottomans and the People of Saaud of Zakria Qorshun and the People of Saaud in the Othman Archive . Moreover the study tackles the social structure of the Karbala people ، civilized and tribal whether in the countryside or bedouin living in the desert، the civilized people consists of scientists and their students
، city rulers and the laypeople who practise the folklore jibs and there is a little minority of Iranians and Jewish people .
Yet the tribal community consists of the tribes living in the countryside along the Al-Husseinya river or the Hinddiya river and the nomadic tribes travelling in the west desert of Karbala . There are certain focus points on the social life of Karbala ، its people ، Al-Hussein Mourning Meetings
، clothes، festivals and the life of woman as there is a similarity between the bedouins ، the countryside and the city since there is a transition from the nomadic phase through agriculture to the city on the basis of the civ- ilized development Phases .

The objective of this research is to point out the mental process made by the brain to attain the syntactic concepts to find out a group of basic concepts. These basic concepts are linked to each other via revealing their relations for formulating a group of definitions and rules that are all uni- fied in syntax. In doing so، the researcher aims at identifying the mental processes that produce the syntactic concept through studying the old syntactic texts، which entail references to these processes . To achieve these objectives، the researcher examines and analyzes the texts in fo- cus to trace the mental processes by which the syntactic concepts are attained.
Moreover ، there are attempts to elicit the relation between the syn- tactic concepts and the external existence through allocating the ranks of the syntactic concept existence. It is concluded that the syntactic concept is an abstract one made by the brain through comparing two or more ut- terances in the sentence or the structure for the sake of intelligibility and learning.

Qājār kingship is the first Shiite-Iranian kingship in the modern peri- od. The more we study its pillars، the more we will get familiar with the recent change، specially the Constitutional Revolutions’ changes. One of its pillars is the political thought of Iranism. The roots of this thought be- long to the pre-Islamic period. At this period، Qājār kings regenerated this thought in order to stabilize their kingship.
In this article، according to a poem by Nasiri Amini، the Arabic poet، in praise of Nāsir-al-Din Shāh، we will study the political thoughts of Qājār period، in particular، the utopian Shiite-Iranian Shāh. Therefore، the new historicism critical method is used in this article، and its most important approach is to study the pillars of the Shiite-Iranian kingship of the Qājār، based on the Iranism political thought، which was common in Ancient Per- sia. While the Qājār Kings tried to add some Imamian-Shiite thoughts for their own monarchy requirements according to that period. In this con- text، we can mention the utopian king with the Iranism thoughts at this period، the one who had the characteristics of Iranian kings of Ancient Persia، while being a member of Ahalalbayt adherents. That is why we find a great increase in devotion ceremonies at Nāsir-al-Din Shāh period، for instance devotions for the sake of Imam Hussain (Peace be upon him). In addition، there are religious celebrations like the half of Sha’ban، held for the first time of that period. Another important result of this article is to prove that nobles and courts in general، and specially the Qājār Shāh، knew the Arabic language very well. Arabic Language was one of the basic lessons، which the crown prince had to learn at his childhood and teen- ager.

Tackling references to make an image at public about events and actors of the society is the focus of several research studies. This was the starting point the research inaugurates into. Therefore، the main objectives of the research are to identify the extent of the public's reliance on satellite channels for the formation of the image about ISIS; method and way used to convince the public.
The researcher adopts both the survey and questionnaire methodology as an instrument to detect the objectives and chooses a class sample consisting of (200) according to error equation in Bagh- dad city from 1/2/2018 – 1/4/2018، after liberating the land from ISIS. There is a theoretical hypothesis as an attempt to find relationship between gender، professions and categories of the respondents and satellite channels or other references to form an image on the scale of statistic methods; as a correlation factor، square and T-test.
The most important results ، obtained by the researcher، are that the male employees and students follow the ISIS news more than the female employees and female students. Satellite channels are the first source among employees and unemployed. Whereas (58) from the people of Baghdad trust approximately satellite channels news and sources of ISIS. The public tends to be convinced by the forms and methods used by satellite channels displaying details about ISIS.

The present study is an attempt to check whether or not the people of Kerbala are affected by the Persian language. After tape – recording, the data has been fed into a computer in the shape of machine readable forms. The number of informants subjected to the experiment is (288= 153 male + 135 female), and the same number consists of (157) from the city centre and (131) from the rural. The concordance of the data of each informant has been conducted by the use of SPSS. T-test and ANNOVA tests are used . This research-paper comprises five sections and a conclusion. The introduction is an introductory section , the section two is a review of literature on sociolinguistics and some previous studies as well as the influence of Arabic on other languages. Section four explains language variation (= social and linguistic variable). Section three talks about the methodology of the paper. Section five discusses the results of the study, and finally the conclusion of the research- paper the researcher arrives at. As for the results, the researcher concluded that the educated informants of both sexes show more tendency to acquire the local norms where the uneducated infor- mants are more affected with Persian language, the females tend to employ the Persian lexical words in the urban as much as possible more than the male ones; the urban tend to be more affected by the Persian lexical words than the rural, and it has been proved in this research that these informants who live near shrines are more affected than those who are in the rural.