Mustansiriyah Journal of Arts

The importance of Turkey has increased in light of the growing importance of its political, economic, and security role regionally and internationally, given its distinguished geographical location as abridge between East and West, its great human and economic potential, and its political stability, especially after the Justice and Development Party took power in 2002, which made it enjoy great regional and international respect. Therefore, Turkey began. It is of great importance to European energy security due to its role as an energy distributor and an important center linking oil and gas suppliers in the Caspian Sea region, Central Asia, and the Middle East to European markets.

The philosopher Henri Bergson (1859-1941) is considered a unique case in the
history of philosophy, as he was able to construct his own philosophy independently of
the influences of any particular philosophical tradition. For him, philosophy takes the
form of an intuitive meditation of the act of life and its creative evolution, and it is based
on an ontological vision that sees in all aspects of life nothing but manifestations of the
eternal struggle between two main streams that control the process of existence : the
stream of feeling and the stream of matter. The source of life finds its origin in a vital
impulse that is as creative as it is mysterious, and whose true nature cannot be
monitored or determined except through direct emotional intuition.
This philosophical vision had important repercussions on the issue of interpreting
religious experience and clarifying the origin of religious feeling in terms of its
relationship to the nature of life and the self’s intuition. From this perspective, in his
book (The Two Sources of Morality and Religion), took his own path in exploring the
essence of religious experience, after he resumed work on restoring the spiritual
dimension at the heart of the philosophical work, and rejecting all positivist, scientific,
a

The study aimed to identify the intellectual and aesthetic impact of presenting cosmetic
medicine content to women through social media platforms. The approach was the
descriptive and scanned approach, and the research tool was the questionnaire. The
sample reached (300) Iraqi women, and the study reached several results, the most
important of which is the content related to medicine. Cosmetic makeup on social media
platforms affects women’s perception of themselves. It may contribute to enhancing selfconfidence and focusing on positive aspects. At the same time, it can cause
psychological stress and lower satisfaction in women with their personal appearance.
Content related to cosmetic medicine on social media platforms increases pressure on
women to undergo cosmetic surgery. They are exposed to ideal appearances and
comparison between themselves and others, and the study recommended that what
should be followed on social media platforms should be documented and from known
sources and not by any person or entity claiming that it is cosmetic.

The study of the history of cities is one of the most important historical studies,
and perhaps the most important centers that reveal the antiquity of those cities and
their heritage are the places of worship and the places of knowledge, as researchers
for these antiquities return to them in all parts of the world. Temples of all kinds are
the evidence of originality in scientific research, especially in survey studies that It
depends on the field study of those places. In my study, I relied on the places of
worship and knowledge in Basra during the Ottoman era, since the Ottomans entered
Basra in the year 1540 to the year 1678, which were considered the most important
religious and scientific institutions in the center of the city of Basra during that era,
represented by mosques and religious schools.
The study relied on the Ottoman documents found in the state archives in
Istanbul, which are the beginning of recording details about Basra after the Ottomans
entered it, namely the editorial books in the year 1552 until the year 1678 AD, in which
mosques and religious schools were registered in the financial affairs book. During
those years, many details were recorded regarding the places of worship and
knowledge in the city of Basra, and most of these places are still visible in Basra to
this day.

The research aims to reveal the role of organizational culture in maintaining social
relations between the staff working in the health institution by testing the indicators of
organizational culture: human relations, innovation and renewal, teamwork in Al-Zahra
Teaching Hospital in Al-Kout, and to achieve this goal to adopt a sample of health staff
estimated at (57) respondents, and a scale was designed consisting of two parts, the
first related to personal data and the second included phrases about organizational
culture indicators, and in order to analyze the results, the analysis of variance was
relied on. Anova and one of the most important results of the research: that the
members of the research sample in the health institution have a high knowledge of the
importance of organizational culture and its role in strengthening social relations
between staff, as shown by the analysis of indicators: human relations, teamwork,
renewal and innovation that the members of the study population agree to a large
degree on the need to pay attention to them, in addition to recording statistically
significant differences in the perceptions of respondents about the teamwork index
attributed to the variable of gender and academic qualification

The goal of the current research is to identify the nature of the relationship between
the Ministry of Electricity’s television advertisements, which are displayed through Iraqi
satellite television channels, and the Iraqi public’s rationalization of the use of electrical
energy as a result of its exposure to and influence by the contents of those
advertisements. The researcher conducted his study on a sample of (577) individuals
from the public. Baghdad Governorate on the Karkh and Rusafa sides, using a nonrandom sample of the intentional or intentional type of those exposed to the Ministry of
Electricity’s advertisements on satellite channels. The researcher used the survey
method by using a questionnaire tool for the purpose of collecting data and information
related to the objectives of the study. The research concluded with a set of results. We
can list the most important of them in the following points, The respondents pointed out
the importance of focusing the Ministry of Electricity’s television advertisements on the
religious aspect, the economic aspect, and the national aspect in using persuasive
means for the purpose of coaxing the public exposed to those advertisements into the
behavior required in their contents. They also pointed out the importance of using the
repetition method for television advertisements regarding the rationalization of electrical
energy for the purpose of achieving the desired goal. Among them, their level ofevaluation of advertisements for rationalizing electrical energy consumption was weak
and did not amount to useful advertisements that achieve the desired goals.

This research aims to reveal academic ambition, as the two researchers adopted
the (Ghulam, 2018) scale to measure academic ambition, as the scale consisted of
(39) items. After extracting the validity and reliability of the variable (academic
ambition), the researchers applied the scale to the basic research sample consisting of
(300) male and female students from the University of Kirkuk, from the scientific
specialization by (157) and from the human specialization by (143), and (145) males,
and (155) females, and after collecting the questionnaires The data were treated
statistically using the t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the two
researchers reached the following results:
1- The individuals (the research sample) have a high level of academic ambition.
2- There are no statistically significant differences in the academic ambition between
the mean scores of the research sample individuals according to the gender
variable.
3- There are no statistically significant differences in the academic ambition between
the mean scores of the respondents according to the variable of specialization

This research aims to: identify (self-protection/passion) among university students,
and reveal the relationship between them. To achieve this goal, the researcher adopted
a scale (Khudair, 2023) for self-protection behavior, and a scale (Abbas, 2022) for
passion, and after procedures for the psychometric properties of the two scales, which
are: With honesty and consistency, they were applied to a simple random sample of
university students, which amounted to (400) male and female students. After analyzing
the data statistically using the SPSS program for the social sciences, the results showed
that the students enjoyed self-protection behavior and passion, and the relationship
between the two variables was a direct positive relationship. The results indicated that
there was no There are statistically significant differences between the two variables
and according to the gender variable (males - females) It also indicated that there are
statistically significant differences in favor of scientific specialization in this relationship,
and in light of the research results, the researcher recommended a number of important
recommendations and proposals.

The current research dealt with thriving at work among emplyees, and according
(Spreitzer et al.,2005), thriving at work is a psychological state in which individuals feel
a sense of vitality and a desire to learn at work. Accordingly, the current research
sought to achieve the following objectives:
1- Identifing employees thriving at work.
2- Identifying employees thriving at work according to the gender variable (males,
females).
For the purpose of achieving the research objectives, the researcher adopted the
Work prosperity Scale prepared Na-Nan et al., (2020), consisting of (13) items divided
into two dimensions (vitality-and learning). He presented the scales to a rank of
trightener in older to educator Appearance truth (all clause) were confirmed for the
thriving at work scales, and for the intent of extracting data the psychometric test
properity, it was applied for to a example of (400) individual employees, which were
selected using a sampling method. After that, the items for the scale were analyzed
using the two extreme groups method and the item relationship. In the total score, all
(13) items were accepted. As for the reliability indicators, the reliability index using the
reliability coefficient for the retest method reached (0.783). After applying the
conducting statistical analysis according to the objectives, the researcher reached the
following results
The employees are thriving at work.
2- There is no difference in thriving at work between males and females.

Psychological Narrative style one of the most prominent wethods that led to the emergence of novel art. and it's relation ship to Psychology and benefit from it and to show the Crisis of the novel character and show what is going on inside of the desires and deliver them to the reader in a narrative style that has agreaat impact on gaining attention and in fluencing it. which makes him carry Pity, pain and fear towards the character. bahar's novel carries between its sides a lot of mental andemotional pain. in it's events, you will find all kinds of heinous Torture that that contradicts human in stinct and human dignity with which God has honored him. there fore. I tried hard to stand on the psychological pain in this novel and to single it out for the study. I present it to the reader in away that puts him in front of these feelings between fear pain and torture.

The studies related to variables in political psychology have increased in recent years, as researchers began to be interested in studying individuals’ attitudes about political action and everything related to it. Specialists believe that individuals in any society must be characterized by political responsibility and its importance in determining the strength of the feeling of citizenship. The researcher defined political responsibility as “a belief based on a moral motive that includes political interest, social responsibility, and awareness of the threats to which society may be exposed.” The current research aimed to identify:
1. Political responsibility among university students
2. Political responsibility among university students according to statistical differences between males and females.
3. Political responsibility among university students according to statistical differences in socioeconomic level (good/average/simple).
The research included a sample of university students in Baghdad, amounting to 421 male and female students. The political responsibility scale prepared by the researcher, consisting of 30 items, was applied and its psychometric properties were calculated. The results of the research confirmed that the sample members enjoy political responsibility in general, with significant statistical differences showing Males had higher political responsibility than females, without any statistically significant differences in political responsibility between students who belong to the good, middle, or simple class on the economic and social level.

The research dealt with the topic of the self in daily life, because this topic is of great importance, especially at the present time with the spread of development and technology and the use of social media, which have become an integral part of our daily lives, including social roles and interactions. The research also dealt with the theory of sociologist Erving Goffman (theory Dramatic theatre) with all its aspects in line with the subject of the study and how life is likened to theater and individuals to actors, in addition to the concept of impression management and the multiplicity of identities that each individual possesses. The topic of social interaction, its basic principles and its various types, including direct, indirect, focused and non-focused interaction, was also discussed, in addition to Criticism of Goffman's theory for not being compatible with major social phenomena from the point of view of some scholars.

The Sino-American relationship was during the 1970s and during the Cold War strategic partnership aimed primarily at containing the Soviet Union, The rival power of the United States of America during the Cold War, and at the time the United States of America was its main opponent, the Soviet Union. It was able to formally establish diplomatic relations with China on December 15, 1978, followed by Chinese Deputy Prime Minister Deng Xiaoping's historic visit to the United States in early January 1979, which led to increased trade and cultural trade and intelligence exchange between the two countries. The U.S. administration also approved the sale of U.S. military sales to China. The research was divided into three axes. The first dealt with the new US administration's orientations towards China in 1977, while the second dealt with the normalization of US-Chinese relations during 1978, and the third with the course of US-Chinese relations after normalization 1979-1980

One Arabic novel that captured Egypt's political scene is the Exit Door by Izal-Din Fikrey Fasher. A political family-affiliated Egyptian translator plays a significant role in the story. His father serves as the Egyptian embassy's military attaché in China, and because of his strong connections with influential people, he is able to act as a private interpreter. From the perspective of the president's translator, the novel depicts the present political system for the President of the Republic. He then moves on to working with a series of administrations that are established after the president abdicates power.
A variety of authorities are revealed throughout the novel, the first two being the authority of chaos and dictatorship. A cast of characters that materialise out of nothing and vanish just as fast as consecutive transitory governments from different political parties and entities are used by the author. The novel also exposes the power of religion, which is embraced by certain political parties and bodies that push their extreme religious beliefs on the political and social order.
The writer constructed the protagonist of the novel as a member of a political family, which is consistent with the nature of the events and the international interventions that drove the events to reach dangerous political turning points. A number of actual political events were used for this, including the Gulf War and the American bases stationed in the region, Israel's occupation of Sinai Island, and the conflict between Iran, Israel, and Hezbollah. However, the core of the novel's narrative is represented in the external dimensions that the novel depicts as drivers of the events that occur within it.
The work gave readers a behind-the-scenes look at many political regimes and portrayed their personalities and changes in a way that captured the magnitude of failure, the struggle for dominance, international aspirations, and how these factors affected social, political, and economic realities.

I dealt with a brief about the life of Sheikh Muhammad Jawad Mughniyeh (may Allah have mercy on him) as Sheikh Mughniyeh is unique from the rest of the commentators of the unfamiliar paradoxes, especially in terms of language, as the meanings of the Qur'an are not realized, and will not realize them for what they are, and know their greatness except those who feel them from the depths, and harmonize with them with his heart and mind and mix his faith with his blood and flesh, and here lies the secret in the saying of Imam Commander of the Faithful (pbuh): That silent Quran, and I the speaking Quran. And that the explanation in question is not limited to the direction of And one interest and mentioned that in the statement of the methodology of Sheikh Mughniyeh in the interpretation of the detector is noticeable in the interpretation of the detector interest in the language as if it is inherent and the necessity of opening each surah where each verse is mostly allocated a paragraph entitled (language) to interpret some of the unfamiliar vocabulary known, and another entitled (syntax) to clarify the grammatical provisions of the word problem. And showed the impact of the Quranic context of the verses, including the disclosure of the statement of the meaning of one verse through the context of the Qur'anic and the statement of successive verses as well.

Ahmed Al-Qarmanli (1686-1745) succeeded in reaching power in Tripoli of the west in 1711, establishing an independent hereditary system, while maintaining nominal subordination to the Ottoman state, but he faced countless problems, both internally and externally, in a vast country where local leaders enjoyed With broad powers, but he succeeded in putting down internal revaluations ,Then pay attention to the economic aspect especially which the location his country received, because of its long coast overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, which made it a station for ships and an entrance to the heart of the African continent.

The research aims to identify the most important international standards that must be available in the automated systems used in university libraries, and to identify the automated systems used in the Middle Technical University Library and measure the extent of their dependence on international standards. The research used the descriptive approach as a case study, where the research focused on the library’s use of automated systems, their benefits and the extent Their conformity with international standards, studying the strengths and weaknesses of the services provided, and trying to find appropriate solutions to develop them. Among the results of the research were the following:
1-it turned out that the integrated automated systems in the library of the Central Technical University are applied and fully compliant with 10 Standards out of 31 standards .
2-management information systems are not fully applied in the library .
3-it turned out that the integrated automated systems in the library of the Central Technical University are applied and partially compatible with 5 standards out of 31 standards .
The research came out with a number of proposals, the most important of which are:
1- The necessity of applying standards for controlling periodicals and supply in the systems and having them approved by the library administration.
2- The necessity of having a work team to maintain automated systems.
3- The necessity of having training and development courses for a larger number of library workers. Central Technical University.

The Umayyad Caliphate was a major event in the history of the Arab Islamic state since its inception in the era of the Prophet (PBUH) and through the era of the Rashidun Caliphate. The Umayyad state was built on strong foundations laid by its first founder, Caliph Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan (41-661 AD), And who was ambitious and who was able to seize the caliphate from Hasan ibn Ali (RA), who abdicated in 41 AH for saving the Muslim’s blood in the Kufa mosque in accordance with the following conditions:
‏ • That the caliphate would return to the Ahl al-Bayt after the death of Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan.
‏ • That Muawiyah would act in accordance with the Book of God and the Sunnah of His Messenger.
‏ • That Muawiyah would protect the lives and property of Muslims.
‏However, after Muawiyah assumed the caliphate after his pledge of allegiance in the year of the community (am Al-Jamaah), he withdrew from one of the most important conditions of the agreement between him and Hasan (RA), which was the return of the caliphate to the Ahl al-Bayt, by appointing his son Yazid as his successor. This is how things went with the rest of the Umayyads, whether in the Sufyanid or Marwanid branches.

Most of what is known about psychiatric problems among pregnant woman comes from findings among clinical samples, often without non pregnant control groups. Furthermore, most research in this area has focused on anxiety and depressive symptoms rather than anxiety and mood disorders, and thus has not addressed the relationship between mental disorder diagnoses and perinatal out come.
Aims: This study aims to find psychiatric morbidity among pregnant women and the effect of parity, gestational age, obstetric history, educational level and age of pregnant women on psychiatric morbidity.
Method: The study sample was 120 pregnant women randomly collected from primary health care centre in Alsadr city and) Ur (primary health care centre in Alshab neighborhood in Baghdad from 15th of March to 15th of December.
The control sample was 120 non pregnant, non puerperal married women matched for age and randomly collected from the same care centers.
GHQ-30 and semi structured interview based on DSM-VI TR were used to identify the cases.
Results: Psychiatric morbidity was 40.8 % in pregnant women versus 31.7% in control group and depression and anxiety were the highest.
Conclusion: the psychiatric morbidity was high among pregnant women, and the most frequent disorder were depression and anxiety.

The study aims to identify the reality of procedures for preserving land and real estate titles in the Property Department, diagnose the problems and obstacles facing the work of the department’s employees when preserving and retrieving bonds, and identify the importance of open source systems in preserving documents and what systems meet the department’s needs in archiving its documents, especially Land and real estate titles are of utmost importance and proposing a system that suits the need in order to solve the problems that have been identified.
he study used the experimental curriculum to prepare a proposed model for designing and building an electronic archiving system for the Department of Property in the Ministry of Youth and Sports, and then presented the system to evaluate it by employees to show the extent of the use of the construction of an electronic archiving system for the department, and the study sought to achieve its goals through the use of a number of data collection tools as an interview With the general manager, the director of property smile and the officials of the people in the department, the questionnaire and the observation.
The study reached a set of results, the most prominent of which is that most of the employees of the property department possess the skills of dealing with the computer and its applications, which provides an appropriate environment for investing information technology and specifically the system of archiving documents, the need to enhance the investment of communication technology and provide more than one internet line, as it does not It meets in the future to meet the needs of the department in the event of adopting a system that needs the Internet, and requires providing an internal network linking the department’s people, as it is necessary to facilitate the circulation of information and documents.
The study also came with several recommendations, the most important of which is the need to pay attention to setting plans to ensure access to the appropriate strategic goals of the current government trends that support the transition to electronic transactions, and to seek to enable the job owners and raise their efficiency in dealing with electronic applications, as well as enhancing the investment of open source systems available on Free internet that can be used in multiple areas, including document and information management

The Ottoman archive documents contain a variety of information, including Persian vocabulary, as it is an important scientific subject to study historically, specifically within the framework of modern history. This vocabulary has an impact on the composition of the Ottoman documents, which means it is an element of reading the Ottoman archive documents in a historical manner. Comprehensive, especially since these words were used in the introductions, texts, and conclusions of Ottoman documents at a high rate, and no Ottoman document is devoid of more than one Persian word. It is through these pillars that this research was chosen in the hope that it will be a new addition to Ottoman documentary
Studies
The research included three sections, as the first section showed: the Persian language in its general context, as the section explained the history of the Persian language, its development, the peoples who speak it, as well as the way it is written, its letters, its poets, and its writers. Reference was also made to Persian vocabulary and structures that have a connection with the Ottoman language, which is related to the origin of The research, as for the second section, was titled: An overview of the Ottoman archive, as this archive was established in the year 1846 AD under the name (Treasury of Papers), and it was the first organized archive in the Islamic world, and it was located in the (Kagdhaneh) area in Istanbul. The research focused on the importance and quantity of Archive documents and administrative and technical methods in establishing it, The third topic dealt with: Persian vocabulary in the documents of the Ottoman archive, showing a variety of these vocabulary through their meanings and structures, which are models in the documents of the Ottoman archive, as this archive is full of these vocabulary that are related to Ottoman history, and the research was built on a variety of sources, the first of which is Ottoman archive documents, as well as Ottoman, Turkish, Persian and Arabic books, sources, research and studies.

This research is considered one of the academic research that specializes in a specific of historical writings, namely they narratives and methods of historians, the choice fell on the book Rawat Al-Waizin Wa Basirat Al-Mu’tazin Byal-Fattal Al-Naysaburi (d. 313 AH /1119 AD). The research shed light on the most important historical narratives that we found among the folds of the book. Which were diverse and were inventoried and to the author’s scientific life, his biography his methodology and his resources in writing this book.

The study aims to identify the newspapers that were published during the British Mandate (1920-1932), especially since many of them were not addressed by researchers specializing in the field of journalism history. The historical descriptive approach was used in the study in order to identify the number of newspapers, their types, and their specialization.
The study included (229) newspapers and magazines. The number of newspapers during that stage reached (153) newspapers, while the number of magazines reached (76) magazines. The available intentional sample was adopted because these newspapers and magazines are available in many libraries, including the National Library and Archives. And the Central Library of the University of Baghdad, the Scientific Academy, and other available places in order to inventory their numbers. The study reached results, including that the percentage of newspapers published during that stage reached a percentage of (66,812%) of the total publications, while the percentage of magazines reached (33,188%) of the total publications.

he research aims to identify the level of emotional dryness among students at Mustansiriya University. It also aims to identify the significance of the differences in emotional dryness according to the variables of gender and specialization among second-year students at the university. The researcher herself prepared a scale of emotional dryness, where she tested its validity and reliability.
The scale in its final form consisted of (48) items, and it was administered to the research sample of (100) males and females. To achieve the research objectives, the students’ response to the scale was analyzed using a single-sample t-test. It was found out that the level of emotional dryness was high among the students. As for the second objective, the researcher conducted a two-way analysis of variance, and it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the gender variable, as it appeared that female students were more emotionally dry than male students. were As for the specialization variable and the interaction between the two variables, there was no difference in light of the results, the researcher put forward some suggestions and recommendations.

The research aims to identify the level of emotional dryness among students at Mustansiriya University. It also aims to identify the significance of the differences in emotional dryness according to the variables of gender and specialization among second-year students at the university. The researcher herself prepared a scale of emotional dryness, where she tested its validity and reliability.
The scale in its final form consisted of (48) items, and it was administered to the research sample of (100) males and females. To achieve the research objectives, the students’ response to the scale was analyzed using a single-sample t-test. It was found out that the level of emotional dryness was high among the students. As for the second objective, the researcher conducted a two-way analysis of variance, and it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the gender variable, as it appeared that female students were more emotionally dry than male students. were As for the specialization variable and the interaction between the two variables, there was no difference in light of the results, the researcher put forward some suggestions and recommendations.

news bulletins in Arab satellite channels, an analytical study in Sky News and Al Jazeera?
The objectives of the study can be summarized as follows:
1- Knowing the methods of displaying news bulletins in Arab satellite channels.
2- Disclosure of the most important forms used in the presentation of news bulletins.
This research is one of the descriptive research, and the researcher used the survey method in both analytical parts, as it is the most appropriate approach to research

The place received great attention and care in many literary and cultural circles, which viewed the place as an essential pillar of building literary works of all kinds.
So they defined the place and identified its nature, and while we find that some scholars defined the place as merely a specific space governed by geometric dimensions, others studied the place from a literary point of view colored by a philosophical tendency, examining the essence of the place and addressing its hidden meanings. By diving into the poet's personal experience.
Based on the above, the research seeks to study place in the poetry of the Shalabh poets, as their poems were distinguished by containing the spatial element, which formed a clear phenomenon, which appeared through their poetic production, which is rich in places that ranged between real places and imagined ones. But as a whole, it revolved around nature, which was fertile material and a source of inspiration for many poets.
The research aims to reveal the psychological and social dimensions that this place carries, and the various connotations that accompany them, which varied according to the emotional state that the poet experienced

The resignation of US President Richard Nixon from office came as an inevitable result of the Watergate scandal and its repercussions, after investigations conducted by a specialized committee in the US House of Representatives on that issue proved that President Nixon was convicted, along with a group of his aides and advisors in the White House, of involvement in the scandal, with the aim of knowing the plans of the Democratic Party and investigating Some political gains at his expense, and despite President Nixon's attempts to cover up important facts and obstruct the investigations into the scandal by carrying out some illegal actions, including bribing some of those proven guilty of the scandal in exchange for their silence and not broadcasting the facts that would inevitably lead to proof of his involvement in it, All his attempts failed Especially with the intense anticipation with which American newspapers revealed the evidence that proved his guilt and forced him to submit his resignation, this resignation led to major impacts on the person of Richard Nixon and his supporters, and the occurrence of important changes in the positions of the men of the American administration, most notably the position of President of the United States of America, who He was appointed by his deputy, Gerald Ford. It also caused different reactions and opinions in the United States of America at the official and popular levels, as well as different positions from various countries of the world.

The research aims to identify the characteristics of the scientific journal information retrieval system available on the Iraqi scientific academic journals website, identify the research possibilities offered by the scientific journal information retrieval system, and identify the effectiveness of the scientific journal information retrieval system, The research relied on a case study approach for the Iraqi scientific academic journals website, and also adopted the analytical approach to analyze the effectiveness of the scientific journal information retrieval system, The most important results that the research reached are the effectiveness of the information retrieval system for scientific journals with regard to searching by abstracts, titles, and keywords, and that it is less effective with regard to searching by authors, and ineffective in the full-text search feature for research, The most important recommendations of the research are the necessity of adopting a unified format when entering the names of researchers into the information retrieval system at the stage of uploading research, or providing specific software that enables retrieving information about researchers, regardless of the format entered by the beneficiaries to search for the names of researchers within the system, and the necessity of providing the search feature, With the full text of research within the system.

In its theoretical aspect, the research deals with information services in terms of their concept, addressing university libraries, types of information services, and reviewing the most important of these services and methods of providing them in libraries and information institutions in general, and pointing out the accreditation standards for information services in university libraries in particular, as well as In its practical aspect, the research reviews the reality of information services in private university libraries in the city of Erbil according to accreditation standards in terms of suiting the competence of personnel to understand the nature of services, the mechanism of their use, and the types of services provided in these universities.
The research found that there is a pay attention from university libraries in the circulation service, both internal and external, as a basic service for any library, regardless of its type, as well as the university libraries’ lack of the photocopy service, despite its importance, which is almost the easiest service to provide.
Therefore, the research recommends the need to pay attention to various library services and provide them to users, and to follow the best methods and optimal investment in information and communications technology in providing services, and emphasizing attention to the announcement board to notify users of recent developments and everything new in university libraries as the simplest method of providing ongoing information.

The research presented is concerned with studying the sheen of the Moroccan poet “Sabiq al-Barbari” from the artistic and objective point of view, where artistic images will be examined, including similes, metaphors, metonymies, and other forms of rhetoric. We will also shed light on a group of objective meanings around which the verses revolve, and their meanings will be placed in their linguistic and literary stations. Noodles.