Risalat al-huquq Journal

Religion is a fundamental human need that people cannot live without. The impact of religion on the lives of the societies is well known. Respecting different religions contributes to achieving global peace and social justice. Therefore, the United Nations has designated the first week of February as the World Interfaith Harmony Week and August 22 was the International Day to Commemorate the Victims of Violence Based on Religion or Belief. The concept of religious freedom encompasses the exercise of personal conscience in various aspects traditionally linked to religious practices , such as rituals, dietary laws, clothing, and the use of language, and religious expression , this freedom is recognized as a fundamental human right , as out lined in numerous international agreements and conventions , these agreements generally prohibited restrictions on this right ,except for these necessary to maintain public order, decency, and right and freedoms of others . However ,it is evident that such restrictions vary from one country to another ,depending on the nature of different societies , countries have implemented these restrictions in ways that sometimes lead to religious persecution and limitations on individuals' ability to express and practice their beliefs . this issue is particularly noticeable in European societies , where interpretations of these regulations have been broadened.

In this study, the researcher dealt with a very important topic, which is explaining the nature of international responsibility resulting from targeting hospitals of a civilian nature, and we sought to shed light on the issue of protection of all kinds, whether general protection or private protection, as international humanitarian law stipulates that warring parties must protect Hospitals are important for the continuation of life for the injured, injured and sick. Despite this protection provided by the Four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the Protocols attached to them of 1977, the Israeli forces made hospitals permissible military targets and attacked them directly and with prohibited weapons However, the Israeli forces made hospitals permissible military targets and attacked them directly and with internationally prohibited weapons, in addition to blockading them by preventing the arrival of the fuel needed to continue their work and refusing to deliver medical supplies and supplies necessary for the lives of people in need of health care. Given the importance of hospitals, the International Criminal Court considered targeting and attacking them tantamount to war crimes. Subject to the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, the research concluded with a conclusion that included a set of findings and recommendations

In this article, we discussed how to file a lawsuit to compensate detainees and convicts upon release and acquittal. It was found that the detainee or convict himself can file the lawsuit, and their heirs can file the lawsuit based on the material and moral damages that have befallen them. However, the problem of article is on what basis they are compensated. We showed that in addition to the act of harm, the theory of deprivation of freedom can be relied upon, and also who is the party obligated to compensate according to the rules contained in general laws and special laws. Then we showed the most important things that can be relied upon in estimating compensation. There is internal data and there is external data. Then we concluded this article with the most important results and recommendations that we hope the Iraqi legislator will take into account when legislating the law to compensate detainees and convicts upon acquittal or release.

This study deals with an important rule of banking transactions that legislations derived from international principles and customs, which is the rule of the bank not dealing with goods, as banks have been keen to avoid dealing with goods as much as possible. This is due to the fact that the nature of the bank's work is closer to dealing with money and documents than dealing with goods and services, as the bank often does not have the technical knowledge that qualifies it to deal with goods. The unified international principles and customs have enshrined this rule and then codified it directly in some domestic legislations.
This study attempts to shed light on the concept of this rule as well as the legal provisions that result from it. This study concluded that this rule applies to all banking operations that have a direct or indirect relationship with goods, as well as that the bank may be held responsible towards the customer if it violates this rule.