Al-Bahir Journal for Engineering and Pure Sciences

A new two-parameter estimator was developed to combat the threat of multicollinearity for the linear regression
model. Some necessary and sufficient conditions for the dominance of the proposed estimator over ordinary least
squares (OLS) estimator, ridge regression estimator, Liu estimator, KL estimator, and some two-parameter estimators are
obtained in the matrix mean square error sense. Theory and simulation results show that, under some conditions, the
proposed two-parameter estimator consistently dominates other estimators considered in this study. The real-life
application result follows suit

Background and objectives: The investigation of heavy-ion (HI) induced fusion processes in order to comprehend the
many mechanisms involved in these reactions has long been a focus of nuclear physics. The complicated structure and
behavior of projectile and target nuclei with various projectile energy allows us to define the reaction process and may
aid in the investigation of the potential of creating superheavy elements (SHE) in the laboratory.
Methods: The semiclassical and full quantum mechanical complete fusion cross section calculations sfus and the distribution
of the fusion barrier Dfus for the systems 12Cþ50Ti,15Nþ56Fe,16Oþ63Cu and 40Arþ27Al. The calculations have
been carried out by using SCF code for semiclassical and CC code for quantum mechanical calculations. To account for
the target and projectile relative motion, we modified these codes. The fusion barrier distribution to be calculated
directly from this code by subroutines written in Fortran language and added to the main code. The coupled-channel is
considered by taking two channels only due to the difficulty of solving coupled differential equations.
Results: The obtained results for sfus and the Dfus for the studied systems were compared to the related measured data
and discussed

The new ligand N-methyl-N-((((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)thio) carbonothioyl) aniline (LS2) was prepared by the reaction
of 4-nitrobenzenediazonium salts with a (sodium N-methyl- N-phenyldithiocarbamate), a new ligand containing azosulphur
linkage. A series of metal ions Sn(II), Sn(IV), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) were used to prepare metal complexes
through reaction of two moles of LS2 ligand with one mole of appropriate metal chloride. The prepared compounds were
characterized by CHNS elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H NMR-spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, UVvisible
spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, and conductivity measurements. Stoichiometry was determined using
analytical and spectroscopic information and it was found to be 1:2 (metal to a ligand) for all complexes. The spectral data
confirm the coordination of the LS2 ligand with all metal ions through sulfur atoms of dithiocarbamate moiety. Molar
conductivity of complexes was measured using DMF as a solvent and it was indicated that all prepared complexes were
ionic. According to the results obtained from the elemental analysis and spectral measurements were complexes of Sn(II),
Sn(IV) and Co(II) tetrahedral geometry, while the complexes with Ni(II) and Cu(II) had a square planar geometry. The
ligand LS2 and its complexes were examined against Staphylococcus aurous bacteria and Escherichia coli bacteria.

In the College of Education for Pure Sciences Ibn al-Haytham, irradiation of soil samples was conducted to obtain
measurements of uranium content in soil samples using CR-39 in 36 surface soil samples from selected sites (some of
which, according to the authors, were measured for the first time) in the North Governorate Basra. It was found that
uranium concentrations ranged from (1.1 ppm) in the Al Madina center to (1.6 ppm) in Talha. Results are presented and
compared with other research findings. The concentration of uranium in the governorates north of Basra has been
presented and evaluated in this article. The present results show that the uranium contents in the surface soil samples
examined were below the UNSCEAR recommended limit of 11.7 ppm

Climate change issues have sparked intense debate around the world in recent years. Malaysia faces critical issues
with global warming, which has changed the local climate, threatening critical ecosystems, including mangrove forests,
and creating challenges in their habitat. This study was conducted to investigate the morphological and physiological
attributes of the mangrove Rhizophora apiculata in response to air temperature for the selection of tree species that can
adapt to climate change. The seedlings were grown in controlled growth chambers with temperatures, of 21,28, and
38 C, under elevated CO2 at 650 ppm for three months. The plants were watered with three liters of 28-ppt saline water
every 48 h. Thus, after two weeks, the mangrove plant samples recorded positive results for all parameters of high
temperature. The differences in temperature resulted in significant differences and positive responses between elevated
CO2 and decreased temperature, which led to the samples surviving for all parameters and the growth being very slow.
However, when the temperature is raised, the result is negative, and almost all of the samples perish. These results
suggested that the low level of photosynthetic capacity might be attributed to the decreased CO2 fixative reaction system
and photosynthetic pigment contents. Additional physical and climatic factors have an impact on what determines the
increase or decrease in R. apiculata growth

The scarcity and pollution of water resources led to environmental deterioration in Iraq, where the water needs for
agricultural purposes are estimated at about 51 billion m3 annually to irrigate 11.3 million dunums and about 10 billion
m3 annually for social health needs and 5 billion m3 annually for industrial, oil needs and electricity production. This
paper addresses another factor exacerbating the crisis and posing another challenge to competition, which is pollution
from seawater intrusion. Take the Shatt aleArab as a case study. Shatt aleArab is the main water source for the city of
Basra in southern Iraq, where the Tigris River contributes (35%), the Euphrates River (24%), in addition to the sub-basins
of the Karkheh River by (8%) and the Karun River by (33%) in its composition. The water supply in Shatt AleArab has
significantly decreased and losing over 50% of its water supply Due to the water control by the riparian countries is
conducted either through rivers diversions (Iran model) or by building massive dams (Turkey model). This has caused
severe deterioration in the water quality and quantity of Shatt aleArab River, and has also allowed seawater to intrusion,
which is known to harm the ecosystem and threaten the city and the region with an environmental disaster. Field
data related to the salt's concentration at the population centers on Shatt aleArab's path were collected as a measure of
the salinity impact of the Gulf waters on it, and then solutions were proposed to get mitigate of this effect. This present
paper will provide an environmental assessment based on real data analysis and propose practical solutions to mitigate
the risk of water pollution