Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Development

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a pivotal role in neuronal regulation within the
Brain. This study aims to explore potential interactions between synthesized GABA derivatives and
GATI through molecular docking simulations. Initially, GABA's historical significance and
Therapeutic applications are outlined. The mechanism of action of GABAergic drugs and the role of
GATI are elucidated. Subsequently, using ADME procedures and molecular docking protocols, the
Physicochemical properties of synthesized compounds and their binding affinities to GATI are
Investigated. Results reveal high gastrointestinal absorption and varying blood-brain barrier
Permeability among the compounds. Docking studies show promising interactions, with compound
G8 exhibiting notable affinity attributed possibly to hydrogen bond formations. This research offers
Insights into potential drug development targeting GATI for modulating GABAergic signaling.

The protective reaction of an organism to potentially harmful stimuli is known as
inflammation, and it can result from a variety of sources, including physical,
chemical, or viral injuries. A large number of people in our society suffer from
long-term inflammatory diseases, which makes it necessary to constantly develop
new anti-inflammatory drugs. The development of powerful anti-inflammatory
medications has advanced significantly in recent years. As a result, heterocyclic
compounds made up a sizeable fraction of organic chemistry due to their
pharmacological activity and distinct physical traits that distinguished them from
other cyclic compounds. One of the most common N-based heterocyclic molecules
is imidazolidine. Numerous scientists have become interested in it because of the
variety of industrial and pharmacological uses. In the present study, the work
dedicated to designed new imidazolidine derivatives. Molecular Docking Software
(Schrodinger) was used to check the binding interaction between new derivatives
(4N, 4M, 4D, 4In, 4Ib) and the cyclooxygenase active site of COX-2 in
comparison with naproxen, mefenamic acid, diclofenac, indomethacin and
ibuprofen as references drugs respectively. The results demonstrated that good
binding affinity achieved by all new compounds with the exception of 4D
derivative in comparison with diclofenac. Finally, the findings of the ADME study
demonstrated that all new derivatives met the Lipinski rule of five and expected to
be highly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract.

Moringa is a natural and cultivated variety of the genus Moringa of the family
Moringaceae. The cultivation of Moringa is widespread due to multiple medicinal and
healing properties. It is one of the richest plant sources of Vitamins A, B , C, D, E, K , in
addition to proteins and minerals .The recent study aimed to phytochemically analyze
Moringa oleifera grown in Iraqi environment and detection of some active compounds of
the plant. Research reported that Moringa can support a healthy cardiovascular system,
promote normal blood-glucose levels, neutralize free radicals, provide excellent support
of the body's anti-inflammatory mechanisms, enrich anemic blood and support immune
system. Moringa oleifera contains various phytoconstituents which contribute to its
therapeutic uses such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, phenolic acids, glycosides,
flavonoids, and terpenoids. This study was able to identify the different phytochemical
compounds present in Moringa cultivated in Iraq using preliminary chemical tests and to
identify the presence of Quercetin using high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The chromatographic techniques proved
the presence of Quercetin by showing identical retention time and retention factor almost
identical to that produced by quercetin standard.

The recent study aimed to examine the Methanolic extract of Eucalyptus sp. leaves
against some opportunistic fungi. The leaves of Eucalyptus sp. were collected,
dried and then grinded. Powder of leaves was extracted using methanol and then
filtered using filter papers. The filtrate was then centrifuged and then the filtrate
was concentrated using a rotary evaporator. A stock solution was used to determine
the inhibitory activity of the extract against opportunistic fungi. The results of
detecting the active substances in the crude

Medication adherence is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as
\"the degree to which the person‟s behavior corresponds with the agreed
recommendations from a health care provider, Adherence to therapies is a primary
determinant of treatment success. The aim of the current study to compute the level
of medication adherence in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients in order to
compare between them and demonstrate the effect of non-adherence on
hospitalization rate. Sixty patients were participating in the current study (30
hospitalized, 30 non hospitalized) with age ≥ 18 years old, using morisky
questionnaire and general questionnaire to collect information that relate to the
patient lifestyle, diet, age, sex etc. It was found that 60% of hospitalized patients
involved in the study had low adherents, 26.6% medium and only 13.3% were high
adherents compared to non-hospitalized with 33.3% being high adherents, 33.3%
low and medium adherents, and the direct relationship between decreased
adherence and increased hospitalization rates, also noticed the effects of age,
complexity of treatment, patient- provider interactions and unwanted side effects of
medications on the rates of adherence. The study found that low adherence was
higher in hospitalized patients; the rate of high adherence was increased in non
hospitalized patients. Adherence to prescriptions is linked to age, patients\' beliefs,
education about their health, their trust in health care workers.

The Urtica dioica is a flowering plant with long history of use in folk medicine and
as a food source. Nettles grow all over the world in mild to temperate climates. The
study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of alcoholic watery extracts of
dry leaves of Urtica dioica on some pathogenic microorganisms (E.coli,
Staphylococcus. aureus). The Plants were collected in the early time of January
from Baghdad. Deride leaves of Uritica were extracted using co-solvent (Water
and ethanol) extraction way by Soxhelt apparatus for crude extraction, and use
rotary evaporator to obtain power extract. The series dilution was prepared 50%,
25, 12.5w/v that use on Mueller-Hinton agar plates against the St.aureus, E.coli by
using well diffusion method then compared with antimicrobial activity of many
antibiotics against the same isolates using Kirby-Bauer method. The crude extract
of U. dioica showed significant antibacterial effect against some clinically
important pathogenic bacteria Staph.aureus : at the concentration 50% the
inhibition zone was 20 mm , followed by 25% (14mm) , and12.5%(10mm), and
E.coli : at the concentration 50% the inhibition zone was18mm , followed by
25%(12mm) ,and 12.5(8mm) respectively. Based on the obtained results it can be
concluded that U. dioica is useful as antibacterial agent in treating infectious
diseases.
Key words: Urtica dioica, Extraction, Staph. aureus, E. coli, bioactivity

The thyroid is an endocrine gland. It controls the body's iodine balance as well as the creation and release
of thyroid hormones from its location in the inferior, anterior neck. The thyroid produces both triiodothyronine,
which is mostly active, and thyroxine (T4), which is primarily dormant (T3). Thyroid hormone that has undergone
peripheral conversion is either activated thyroid hormone or another inactive thyroid hormone. Body composition
and thyroid hormones appear to be closely related. Thyroid hormones regulate basal metabolism, thermogenesis
and play an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism, food intake and fat oxidation. Thyroid dysfunction is
associated with changes in body weight and composition, body temperature and total and resting energy
expenditure (REE) independent of physical activity. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is more likely to
be activated in obese patients with healthy thyroid function and greater blood levels of thyroid hormones. On the
other hand, slight variations in thyroid function are linked to weight changes of up to 5 kg. An online survey was
conducted in Al_Nahrain university college of pharmacy. The aim of this survey is to find the correlation between
thyroid function and obesity in the Iraqi population who are diagnosed and treated of hypothyroidism. Current
study outcomes is to find the correlation between thyroid function and obesity in the Iraqi population who are
diagnosed and treated of hypothyroidism. The correlation between BMI and TSH showed elevattion 4.5-10
mIU/mL, 36 had severely Elevated > 10 mIU/mL while 9 are normal 0.5-4.5 mIU/mL.

Psoriasis is a chronic immuno-mediated inflammatory disease of 2.3%
prevalence in Iraqi the etiology of the disease is not identified well. A wide
variation in disease picture and response to treatment occur due to the
complexity of the disease. The study includes 75 male and female people
diagnosed with psoriasis. General data and treatment used have been
analyzed. A questionnaire is prepared. The study shows that there were
twenty-one patients aged between 15 and 24 years, thirty-three patients aged
between 25 and 34 years, eight patients aged between 35 and 44 years, and
thirteen patients were identified as being older than 44 years. The study
shows that the distribution of patients is such that fifty-five percent are male,
while forty-five percent are female. Betamethasone was most steroid used.
Most of the patients repeat the treatment courses more than two times and
most of the patients participated in the study use only one drug. In
Conclusion both topical and systemic treatment is used and mostly
steroids were the common used group.