Osol Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Serum KIM1 is the most effective diagnostic method for type 2 diabetes with microalbuminuria (increasing the level of albumin in urine). About 50% of diabetics develop diabetic nephropathy, which is another typical consequence of hyperglycemia.


Objective: This study evaluates the impact of serum renal damage in the initial stages of diabetic nephropathy.


Study design: The current study was conducted at the Department of Medical Laboratories at Osol AL- Elm University and Baghdad Hospital in the Medical City between December 2023 and June 2024. There were 90 participants in the trial, 60 of whom had type 2 diabetes and 30 of whom were controls. The participants, who vary in age from 51 to 53, were split into three groups: 30 individuals with microalbuminuria from type 2 diabetes, 30 individuals with macroalbuminuria from type 2 diabetes, and 30 healthy controls.


Results: There was no difference significant in body mass index (BMI) and age between the study groups (p > 0.05), correlation analysis of the study analysis in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria, the serum KIM 1 shows a significant positive correlation with 0.708 of HbA1c% (r), P value ≤ 0.001) and urinary albumin (r = 0.893, P value ≤ 0.05). Serum KIM-1 shows a significant positive correlation with serum creatinine (r = 0.792, p-value ≤ 0.001) but a significant negative correlation with the GFR amount (r = - 0.338, p-value ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion: Serum KIM-1 increases significantly as eGFR decreases. Serum KIM-1 is a kidney damage marker related to the decline of kidney function in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: The posterior maxilla often presents challenges for dental implants due to reduced bone density and volume, exacerbated by alveolar resorption and sinus pneumatization. Maxillary sinus lifting has emerged as a surgical solution to enhance bone volume and implant stability.


Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the outcomes of dental implantations with and without maxillary sinus lifting, focusing on implant survival rates, bone density changes, and implant stability. It also sought to document associated complications to determine the relative benefits and risks of sinus lift procedures.


Methods: A prospective observational study involving 50 participants divided into two groups: one undergoing sinus lift before implantation and the other receiving direct implantation without sinus lift. Outcomes such as implant stability (measured via ISQ), bone density, and complications were tracked over 12 months using radiographic imaging and clinical evaluations.


Results: Both groups achieved high implant survival rates (96% without sinus lift vs. 92% with sinus lift; p=0.532). Bone density increases were significantly greater in the sinus lift group (2.78 mm vs. 1.44 mm; p<0.001). Implant stability was consistently higher in the sinus lift group across all time points. Complication rates, including sinus perforation and infection, were slightly higher in the sinus lift group, but without long-term impact on outcomes.


Conclusion: Maxillary sinus lifting significantly enhances bone volume and implant stability, though its necessity should be weighed against potential complications. The decision to perform a sinus lift should consider patient-specific anatomical and clinical factors

Background: Technology has brought about a lot of changes in dentistry, especially in dental materials and procedures. Tools for digital planning, as Digital Smile Design (DSD), should be applied.


Aim: The objective of this study is to analyze the application of DSD in various dental specialties.


Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 24 studies from clinical as well as animal studies that were selected according to an inclusion criterion that emphasized the use of DSD in restorative dentistry, periodontology, dental implant and various other fields in addition to an exclusion criterion in which patient-based studies with a specific disease or insufficient data were excluded. Analysis was conducted via a one-sample T-test.


Results: DSD was mostly applied in prosthetic and restorative dentistry (47.6%), followed by periodontal treatment. The latest common applications were in guided bone regeneration and maxillofacial surgery (4.8%), the statistical analysis showed significant differences between all these percentages


Conclusions: The major use of DSD is in prosthetic and restorative treatment and then in periodontology.


2) DSD can enhance communication with patients, treatment planning and results prediction

Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHFs) is a diverse group of systemic diseases mediated by RNA viruses with significant morbidity and mortality rates and represents a major public health concern caused by four families of viruses- Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, and Flaviviridae. It can harm the walls of small blood vessels, making them leak, and it can prevent blood from clotting. VHFs are a disease that is classified into a variety of deadly viral diseases characterized by severe internal or external hemorrhage or bleeding into the skin. Fever, malaise, muscle soreness, vomiting, and shock are common clinical signs of viral hemorrhagic fever, though they might vary depending on the type. Internal bleeding that results is typically not fatal, but the illness itself may be. Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) represent a group of severe, systemic feverish diseases. This review aims to shed light on viral hemorrhagic fevers in terms of their causes, symptoms, transmission methods, prevention, and available treatment, to raise awareness about their danger and enhance preventive efforts to combat their spread. Hemorrhagic fever is a serious disease that affects humans and causes a high mortality rate due to its pathogenicity. These viruses infect insects or rodents, so the focus is on staying away from rodents or insects that carry the virus. Therefore, it is necessary to adhere to the procedures of Islam and prepare. These procedures allow for preparation for the future. disease outbreaks and preparation reduce the impact of diseases on humans. Scientific research is still ongoing to develop more effective vaccines and treatments that may contribute to reducing the negative effects of these viruses.

Background: Oral leukoplakia is a precancerous condition that causes white and grey patches inside the mouth. The patches are hyperplastic lesions of oral squamous epithelium, with some cases tending to malignancy. The WHO Collaboration Centre for oral cancer identified 11 oral disorders as potentially malignant disorders, and oral leukoplakia was the most frequent finding in clinical practice. There are several risk factors for the development of oral leukoplakia. These factors will be evaluated and assessed in this study in Iraqi patients.


Aim: To determine the risk factors for oral leukoplakia in Iraqi patients.


Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Osol Al-elm University College’s clinics from the 3rd of March 2021 to 17th August 2024. The study included 331 patients divided into two groups: a case group included 131 patients with oral leukoplakia (n=131) and a control group included 200 patients (n=200) who attended the outpatient clinics. Any patient with oral leukoplakia visiting dental clinics in Osol Al-elm University College is included in the study and regarded as a case group. In contrast, the control group is selected haphazardly from patients visiting dental clinics for one reason or another. Criteria for selecting the control group include: age of more than 20 years for both sexes (males and females).


Results: In this study, the age of the patient was evaluated as a risk factor for oral leukoplakia. The mean age for the case group was 55.46 with SD±8.5, while for the control group, 44.9 with SD±13.5. Regarding the age, patients aged more than 50 years are associated with increased risk for oral leukoplakia (P value = 0.01), especially the age group 50-59 years old as shown in fig. 1.


Regarding the gender: sex difference was not significantly associated with leukoplakia (P value= 0.4), as 73 patients out of 131 with oral leukoplakia are males while 58 out of 131 are females comparing with control group as male patients are 112 out of 200, while females are 88 out of 200, showing no significant difference between the two groups. Considering smoking as a risk factor, heavy smoking patients are associated with increased risk for oral leukoplakia (P value 0.04).


Conclusion: The current study identifies 2 risk factors for the development of oral leukoplakia in Iraqi patients. These risk factors were age and cigarette smoking, while excluding gender and denture use as risk factors for the development of oral leukoplakia.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune condition that frequently presents with symptoms affecting the joints, such as inflammation, swelling due to fluid accumulation, or ongoing discomfort. A key diagnostic indicator of SLE is morning joint stiffness or pain, which typically persists for at least half an hour. Musculoskeletal complications, including arthritis and chronic joint pain, rank among the most common clinical manifestations of SLE, with studies indicating these symptoms are observed in nearly 90% of cases throughout the progression of the disease. The study aims to assess the relationship between the serum level of Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and the severity of SLE disease. Over four months, from November 2022 to March 2023, 131 women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 50 healthy women participated in the case-control observational study. According to the Roma Helper program, a consultant physician conducted clinical examinations and divided the severity of the condition into patient groups (Intense, Mild, Moderate, and Dormant). Dormant SLE patients had greater OPG levels, although mild and moderate patients had higher OPG levels than the Dormant group. The Intense group had the highest OPG level of all the groups. Additionally, the group of healthy people had the lowest values. The levels of OPG were significantly increased in SLE patients, the OPG levels were of increased with disease activity.