TIKRIT UNIVERSITY JOURNAL FOR RIGHTS

Abstract: Digital currencies (encrypted virtual currencies) are one of the modern technological phenomena that appeared nearly two decades ago and are widely used among multiple segments of society, among amateurs and professionals, ordinary individuals and merchants, private institutions and some entities, and the purpose of their use is usually to reduce fees, or avoid paying tax obligations for financial transactions conducted through them, or avoid criminal responsibility for money laundering or terrorist financing. Despite the many advantages that these digital currencies enjoy. In Iraq, they are described as illegal because they were not issued by an approved official body and were not regulated by specific legal rules. Digital currencies (encrypted virtual currencies) are used illegally for the purposes mentioned above. Given the risks resulting from illegal dealing in it, it requires a serious stance from the legislator to protect the economy, national security, and public money.

This article examines the nature of the plastic surgeon\'s civil liability in the light of Jordanian law. The purpose of the study is to understand the legal responsibilities of the plastic surgeon and to define its limits as well as the standards to which surgeons must adhere in the performance of their services.The document includes a review of the lawLaws and regulations relating to the practice of plastic surgery in Jordan, including laws, professional codes and regulations.
The relevant legal provisions are analyzed and the duties and responsibilities that surgeons must respect are clarified. In light of the legal analysis, elements of civil liability for plastic surgeons are highlighted, including negligence, malpractice, and failure to meet accepted professional standards. The study also discusses the legal mechanisms for compensating damage suffered by patients as a result of plastic surgery. The research concludes that under Jordanian law, a plastic surgeon has a civil responsibility to patients and must uphold the standards of the profession and provide their services with care and precision. The research also highlights the importance of raising awareness of the rights and duties of both surgeons and patients and the need to develop laws and regulations that protect patients\' rights and ensure their safety.

The constitution is the basic law of the state. It is one of the most important achievements of humanity in this field. In its inception, the constitutions were unwritten, but rather a customary constitution. Then a written document was resorted to. It includes all constitutional rules that regulate power and affirm freedoms and rights. The constitutional document usually consists of an introduction, content and conclusion. The jurisprudence differed on all these parts in terms of their nature. Constitutions are also affected by developments in the field of issues that they regulate, which requires constitutional amendment whenever circumstances necessitate making it not keep pace with developments in society.
The constitution includes social rules, as it is located where the political society is, and it develops according to its development. It is inevitable to say that the constitution should keep pace with the recent development in the field of technology, especially with regard to the topics it regulates. Especially since recent development has affected many of these issues and the internationalization of many specializations that were previously considered part of the internal affairs of states.

Abstract: The term legislative omission is considered one of the relatively recent terms that jurisprudence has not yet been able to address to a sufficient extent to agree on defining its meaning or content despite the constitutional judiciary’s confrontation with it. Legislative omission occurs if the legislator neglects, on the occasion of his regulation, one of the topics mentioned in the constitution, which may lead to limiting the effectiveness of the topic in question. Regulation on the one hand, and violating one or some of the constitutional texts on the other hand, and the details of that are that if the legislator intervenes, in implementation of the Constitution’s ruling, by regulating a particular subject of its subjects, then his intervention must be integrated in all aspects, activating all the constitutional guarantees for this subject, as if the legislator neglects one of its aspects that does not Regulation is complete without it, as this would reduce the constitutional guarantees for this subject and would be in violation of the Constitution.

Abstract: Taxes have occupied the forefront in the world of financial studies, due to their great importance and the effective role they play in the economies of the countries of the world, so that they have become a tool that governments can use in the way that suits them to achieve their goals. The principle of territoriality stipulates that the state exercises sovereignty over its territory and does not exceed the borders of another country. This also applies to the state’s tax legislation in its territory and is binding on all residents there. This does not exceed the borders of other countries, otherwise it is considered a violation of their sovereignty.