TIKRIT UNIVERSITY JOURNAL FOR RIGHTS

Abstract: The Companies Law No. (17) of 2019 which was issued amending Law No. (21) of 1997, stipulates the definition of holding companies only, while ignoring important aspects of the organization of holding companies, thereby restricting the goal of achieving the purpose of their establishment. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the concept of holding companies and their advantages, identify the most important restrictions and problems related to it in light of the comparison with the Egyptian and Lebanese corresponding laws. Using the comparative analytical method, the study reached a set of conclusions, most notably that the purpose is to contribute to the development of the national economy by encouraging domestic and foreign investment, but it faces some deficiencies by the absence of detail on important aspects related to it, such as determining the limits of responsibility between holding companies and subsidiaries and the amount of their capital and the absence of any indication that this type of companies are not being exploited to achieve the benefits expected from its establishment.

The law on the care of juveniles in force in the fifth chapter of it was allocated to investigate the juvenile by specific procedures, where the reference to the law left the criminal procedures and the general rules contained in it in the rest of the procedures (Article 108) of it, and included the rules for the arrest of the juvenile and the study of his personality and the confidentiality of the investigation in the non-confrontation of the juvenile in immoral crimes, and by determining the age of criminal responsibility.
In light of this, this issue will be discussed in two first two considerations: the powers of the juvenile investigating judge and to challenge them, and the second: the provisions of the investigation within the scope of the Juvenile Welfare Act

Abstract: The rejection of the commandment is an absolute term used by the Islamic jurisprudence to include every negative attitude issued by the testator after he established the commandment and is reflected by reference, or by the recommended by its response. The question of the refusal of the testator to withdraw from it has an important role in determining the effect of nullification on the commandment. The rejection of the response is issued by the recommended and tries to search activating the second source of the Iraqi personal status law, with regard to reference and response to the commandment, by deepening the views of Islamic jurisprudence, and in pictures rejecting the will of return and return, with the aim of making legal texts organized for reference and commandment, For all cases of rejection of the will, in Ga B practical.

: Nature reserves are the last resort for some species of living beings threatened by extinction, i.e. the ones that cannot be reiterated come again. The crime of polluting nature reserves through polluting their soil, water or air is considered the most threatening environmental crime to the living beings existing in it, as it causes alteration in the environment due to man daily activities which may lead to the emergence of some resources that do not conform to the feature of nature reserves as well as the occurrence of disorder in the biological diversion. Thus, we can preserve these creatures from extinction by demonstrating the crimes committed against nature reserves like polluting their soil, water or air and limiting them via punitive laws against their perpetrators.
Therefore, we shall discuss punitive protection against polluting these reserves and the extent to which the system of Iraqi nature reserves responds to confront the crimes of pollution, and to show the extent of efficiency of the Iraqi law of environment protection and development, no. 27 of 2009, and in finding some sort of active punitive protection of the environment and its elements since the system of reserves transferred this responsibility to it.
Accordingly, we divided this research into three chapters; in the first we tackled the nature of pollution in the nature reserves, the second chapter was dedicated to the articles of the crime of polluting nature reserves, and in the third we demonstrated the penal retributions that can befall its perpetrator, and we concluded the research with a conclusion comprised a number of findings and recommendations. Hence, it became clear that the crime of polluting nature reserves constitutes an assault against an interest protected by the law and what confirms this is that most punitive legislations of nature reserves dictate the conviction of polluting those reserves considering the gravity of this crime and thus organized a criminal code for it.