Bilad Alrafidain Journal of Humanities and Social Science

The research includes the status of raw materials, their availability and their role in the stages of economic development It also includes the role of leadership and organization in providing investments in the country. It also includes financial resources and their availability in the country to finance projects that contribute to economic development.
It includes the effects of planning on economic development, what planning the state should do, how the planning process is carried out, justice in the distribution of income and investment, how we plan, economic unity and cooperation between countries. Then the researcher discussed how planning is carried out in developing countries and concluded the research with a number of conclusions and recommendations

This brief research deals with one of the important aspects in the life of a person who believes in God Almighty. It discusses about the highest qualities that God made a beacon for the high status of the believer in this world and the hereafter, including: Humility is one of the most important qualities, and patience is also a praiseworthy quality that few people have. Also, performing the night prayer is a characteristic of those whose actions are free of hypocrisy, because no one sees them except the Most Merciful. And other good qualities that God Almighty made a system for the good of the individual and society. It represents a system that aims to improve the human soul, so that it does not become arrogant or look down on anyone.

This research aims to study the effect of specialized exercises on correcting the weight trajectory and learning the jerk movement in weightlifting among physical education and sports science students. The study focused on improving students' performance through corrective exercises designed to enhance balance and motor control during jerk execution. The results showed a significant improvement in motor performance after applying these specialized exercises, with an increased success rate in jerk execution and a reduced failure rate. Additionally, the working angles of major joints (ankle, knee, and hip) improved, helping to minimize movement deviations. Furthermore, the analysis confirmed that the modified training device used in the study contributed to increasing students' confidence and enhancing their technical abilities based on these findings.

This study, entitled "Trends in Jewish Poetry in the Pre-Islamic and Islamic Eras (A Study of Minor Poets) (An Objective Study)", aims to examine the poetic trends and themes that emerged in Jewish poetry through the few poetic texts that emerged as a result of the loss of their poetic heritage, prompting an investigation into the reasons behind this loss. Additionally, the research seeks to explore the influence of ancient Arabic poetry on Jewish poetry and vice versa, as well as to assess the authenticity of the preserved Jewish poetry. The study is divided into two main sections: The first section includes (A study of Jewish poetry). The second section: Analyzing the poetic themes addressed by Jewish poets, titled "An Objective Study of Jewish Poetry." This section examines selected poetic texts to highlight the aesthetic aspects of their poetic texts.

Natural Resources are one of the main components which depended on by civilized societies and needs from all sectors of society, as well as the urgent need for them in the various fields of daily life. Oil is of great importance as a natural resource to Iraq, in providing necessary funds to support economic and social development plans and improve economic growth especially as it has the greatest impact on the economic activities, and fiscal as well as monetary policies of many rich oil countries, especially Iraq. Fresh water is another important natural resource that is indispensable, although Iraq is historically called Mesopotamia to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, with increasing demand because of the increase in population and the need to satisfy all human needs, the pressure increased on the resource of fresh water and which made the things worse Iraq affected by climate change that increased both high temperatures and drought in Iraq, therefore it needs a wise leadership and daring decisions to manage the natural resources successfully in Iraq.

Commercial banks are considered one of the important institutions on which most countries' economies are based, given that banks are effective units that contribute to development processes and developing and reviving the economy by seeking to achieve specific goals using advanced methods and smooth banking procedures by using financial and human resources. This enables the bank to continue for the longest possible period and with the most successful means and methods, by innovating systems and methods that help in the continuity of the bank’s work and thus it can confront and avoid risks. Among these systems is the internal control system, which is one of the most important tools that contribute to improving the work of commercial banks and through which weaknesses can be discovered. And risks, and thus identify their causes and try to address them so that they do not obstruct and impede the activity of banks, by following correct and appropriate procedures.

Fakhri Al-Tabqajli is considered one of the prominent figures during the royal era in Iraq. He had a prominent role in the fields of judiciary and administration, as he became governor in several provinces. His role in administration also became prominent through assuming the governorship of the provinces of Basra, Diyala, and Al-Amarah. He entered the ministry, where he held the position of Minister of Justice. Acting Minister of the Interior. Al-Tabqajli was known for his patriotic sense, as he was one of the most prominent opponents of the Iraqi-British treaty of 1922.

The research aims to identify the extent of the impact of internal customer happiness in enhancing its high performance in the researched institution, as the research community is represented by the employees at Balad Technical Institute, numbering (50) employees, as the research sample included (30) individuals; the questionnaire tool was used to survey the employees’ opinions using the random sampling method, and the research based on a package of statistical tools in the analysis represented by (frequencies, percentages, arithmetic means, standard deviations, simple linear correlation (Pearson) and simple linear regression) that suit the nature of the data that was collected. The research concluded that there is a strong positive and significant impact relationship between internal customer happiness and high performance at the overall level, which indicates that increasing the happiness of the internal customer at Balad Technical Institute through its combined dimensions will enhance the performance of its assigned task, and it reached a set of proposals, the most important of which is giving utmost importance to the concept of internal customer happiness at Balad Technical Institute due to its significant role in raising the level of employees performance.

The study aims to identify the effect of the gap-filling strategy on the achievement and interactive thinking of second-grade intermediate students in biology. In light of the study objective, the following two null hypotheses were derived:
1- There was no statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level between the achievement test scores of the first group of students, who studied biology using the gap-filling strategy, and those of the second group, who were taught the same subject using the traditional method.
2- No statistically significant difference was found at the 0.05 level between the scores of students in the first group, who studied biology using the gap-filling strategy, and those of the second group, who were taught the same subject using the traditional method, in the interactive thinking test. The experiment was conducted on a purposive sample of second-grade intermediate students from Iraq Intermediate School in Baqubah during the 2023–2024 academic year. The sample included 48 students, with 24 students in each group. After conducting the equivalence test, two research tools were prepared:
a) The achievement test, which consisted of (40) objective questions, was constructed. Its psychometric properties were verified, as well as its reliability value, which reached (0.81).
b) The interactive thinking test, which included (30) items, was constructed. Its psychometric properties were verified, making it ready for application.
The results were as follows:
- There was a statistically significant difference between the first and second groups in achievement in biology, which was in favor of the first group.
- There was a statistically significant difference between the first and second groups in the interactive thinking test, which was in favor of the first group.
In light of these results, the researchers formulated a number of recommendations and proposals.

Digital advertising has become one of the most important mechanisms of commercial activity due to its spread, development and low cost, as it has become possible for the merchant to publish the advertisement for his products to any category of people, he wants the advertisement to reach, even if he is in a country other than the country in which the advertisement is made. Although the advertiser had the right to highlight the positives of his products or services, and not to address the negatives of either of them, this right is restricted by not creating an unreal or exaggerated image of these products or services, as this has an effect that represents causing harm to others. The question was raised about the effectiveness of the rules contained in the Consumer Protection Law to accommodate the problems arising from the breach of the integrity of digital advertising in light of the widespread prevalence of this type of advertising and the overwhelming desire of merchants to publish their products or services and focus on the profitable aspect without the slightest consideration for consumer rights? If the previous rules are not sufficient or do not accommodate this type of emerging problems related to the integrity of digital advertising (deceptive and annoying), what is the effective mechanism to address these problems, and how can they be controlled in light of the possibility of publishing digital advertising from outside the territorial jurisdiction of the relevant legislation? This is what we will discuss by addressing the forms of violating the integrity of digital advertising in the first section, then addressing protection from violating the integrity of this advertising in the second section

Human is the main subject of the Holy Quran, while the core of the Quran is to teach and give guidelines to all human beings on the right way. The Holy Quran is a monumental book, renowned for its rich vocabulary and forms, and is considered a treasure trove of language and literature. So, it is impossible to get a real understanding without understanding the real meaning of Allah's words existing in its rich text. Before more than 1400 years ago, the symbolism technique was used in the Holy Qur’an that offered live social lessons. Recently, it has become the main method in modern writings in submitting social images. The present study is based on the hypothesis that to gain a full understanding of the meaning of all verses of the Holy Quran, we should be familiar with the symbolic meaning. The Holy Quran uses many symbolic devices. We should also be familiar with the semantic meaning according to context, and which of these devices is the most frequently used. To achieve the aim of the study and verify its hypotheses, the study adopts two kinds of procedures: Theoretical and practical. The theoretical procedures consist of presenting a theoretical framework of pragmatics, including its definition, etymology, and principles. As well as presenting symbolism, its definitions, types, and the concept of religious symbolism. The practical procedures consist of analyzing five extracts from Surah at–Tur from the Holy Quran, depending on the translation of Ali, A. Yusuf. (2001) The Meaning of the Holy Qur’an. The selected Ayaat have been analyzed in the light of an elected model based on the study adopted Eco's theory of sign (1984) as a model of symbolism, and Searle's theory of speech acts (1969) as a model of pragmatic, discovering the main purpose behind each symbol for (surah At-tur) in terms of pragma social perspective. Both qualitative as well as quantitative research methods are used in this study. The qualitative method is represented by the detailed analysis of every single selected aya. On the other hand, the quantitative analysis is represented by the use of statistical tables and figures to discuss the frequency and percentages of speech acts and Grice maxima in the whole samples of the selected Ayyat. This study seeks to ask the questions below:
1
- What are the common types of speech acts used?
2
- What are the general forms of symbolism in Surah At-tur?
3
- Which of Grice's maxims are used more than the other maxims in this surah?
The results of the analysis demonstrated that both directive and declarative speech acts are used in the selected surah. But the declarative is predominant in Surah at–Tur, as well as the maxim of manner flouted by utilizing symbolism to depict and illustrate the intricate idea. Allegory is the common symbolism device utilized in this surah. Finally, quality as well as quantity maxims are both used in this surah, but the quantity maxim is the dominant one.

Arundhati Roy creates a rich picture of life's complexity in The God of Small Things, utilizing the
entwined fortunes of Ammu and her family in Kerala. Given the 1997 Booker Prize, this book deftly
examines how marginalization and memory influence our identities and paths of fate. This study
explores Roy's story using critical discourse analysis, showing how society's standards about caste and
class shape the lives of her characters, producing a moving, sad finale. Through the memories that
plague every individual, the detailed sensory descriptions of the book carry us to defining and terrible
events, exposing the ongoing echoes of past tragedies. Roy's story boldly confronts social inequalities
and weaves personal experiences with more general political issues to highlight the quiet suffering
inside India's "upside-down kingdom." Using this investigation, the book urges us to see the residual
effects of historical wounds and inspires a contemplative interaction with the sometimes terrible reality
of exclusion. This summary invites reader to contemplate how profoundly the outskirts of society and
the shadows of memory shape our lives, capturing the book's intellectual and emotional core.

This analysis explores the role of art in shaping individual identity in H.G. Wells' novel “The Island of Dr. Moreau”. It is based on the social construction of identity theory, which supposes that identity is constructed through social and cultural interactions. This study aims to understand how art influences self-perceptions and social relationships. It asks how to connect ideas about identity, art, and relationships. It draws conclusions based on our analysis. It sheds light on how art can both empower and control individuals. This analysis examines how art forms the identity of the individual and contributes to the construction of self and social relationships. It examines how ideas are connected to apply the social construction of identity theory. This study reveals the ways in which art reflects and shapes societal norms and values, influencing individual identity. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics between art, identity, and society and have implications for understanding the role of art in shaping individual and collective identity.