Bio Med Vision Journal

Background: Tamoxifen is an estrogen antagonist used as neo-adjuvant drug for breast cancer treatment in women.
Objective: To evaluate tamoxifen monotherapy on breast cancer for elderly women with estrogen positive, progesterone
positive, and Her2/neu negative.
Materials and methods: Seventeen breast cancer women were examined. The age range of the patients was between
73 and 87 years (mean SD: 79.2 3.8 years). The patients were examined and diagnosed by a surgeon, and
histopathologic examination. The patients included in the study were estrogen positive, progesterone positive, and
Her2/neu negative. The patients were treated with tamoxifen monotherapy 20 mg/day orally during the two-year
study. The size of the tumor were measured by ultrasonic examination for each patient. Five milliliters (mL) of blood
samples were taken from the patients and analyzed for CA15-3. The clinical and ultrasonic examination as well as blood
investigations were carried out every 3 months for two years, while only clinical examinations were continued every six
months up to 5 years.
Results: Treatment of breast cancer women by tamoxifen 20 mg/day gradually decreased serum CA15-3 signicantly
(p 0.01) every 3 months. After two years of treatment with tamoxifen, serum CA15-3 was within normal range. The
size of the tumor was decreased signicantly and gradually every 3 months. After two years the tumor was completely
disappeared. Each parameter was compared with that parameter measured before 3 months. Lymph node positive
patients were 11 out of 17 patients; however, after 21 months of tamoxifen treatment, all patients were lymph node
negative.
Conclusion: Tamoxifen monotherapy can be used for the treatment of women with breast cancer with estrogen +,
progesterone + and Her2/neu–. The program can be applied for elderly breast cancer women or incompliance patients.

Entrapment of the median nerve; carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), is a common neuropathy that result from compression,
ischemia or repetitive movement of the wrist. Ulnar nerve entrapment (UNE) frequency come after the median nerve
syndrome, it occurs at the wrist and at the elbow. The neurological nding of median and ulnar nerves compression are
presented as a sensory or motor or both.
Aim of the study: To investigate the frequency of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and ulnar nerve entrapment (UNE).
Material and method: Fifty patients were included in this study su
ering from CTS. The patients with the CTS
diagnosis through; history taking, physical, clinical, and electrophysiological examination; the electrophysiological
parameter (EPP) done for median and ulnar nerves for motor and sensory nerves; to study the distal motor and sensory
latency (DML; DSL), motor and sensory nerve action potential (CMAP; SNAP), and the nerve conduction velocities
(NCV); the EPP were done in Ibn-Sina Teaching Hospital (EMG Department); by using Neuropack EMG measuring
system Nihoncodene (MEB-9400K); and Galileo NT Line (Nemus2).
Result: The EPP demonstrates that; there is nearly no relation between CTS and UNE in this study;(not signicant)
this may be due to anatomical di
erence in the course of the median and ulnar nerves. It reveals a positive association
between the duration of the disease and severity of CTS. It also shows there is no relation between, severity of the CTS
and the body mass index (BMI); the electrophysiological study considered a strong corner stone in CTS diagnosis along
with the clinical assessment.

Background: Childhood cancer incidence and deaths reects the low health status, which can be prevented by setting
up strategies with help of di
erent sectors in community.
Aim: To describe the childhood cancer in Nineveh governorate during 2018–2022.
Methods: A Biometry study used to review 646 a cancer registration form for ve years 2018–2022, using Can-Rej 5
inquiry forms adopted by Ministry of Health measuring [sex ratio, sex and cause specic death rate, the incidence rate,
the case fatality rate, the proportion mortality rate and trend of (occurrences and death)].
Results: The total number of participants was 646, the commonest childhood cancer was among (2–5) and (6–9) years
it was 35.7% and 30.7% respectively, four fth 81.7%, 59.4% and 25.5% of children were treated by chemotherapy,
surgery and radio therapy respectively.
Bone marrow cancer was the top of causes it was 33.4% with trend to decrease toward 2022, then lymph node as
21.1% with unchangeable trend and while brain tumour had had uctuating trend during study period with increasing
trend in general toward 2022. The study showed that no changes in trend of childhood cancer regarding age and sex.
Trend of surgical management were increase by 22%, chemo therapy 12% and radio therapy by 4% toward 2023. Trend
of death was increasing toward 2022 with case fatality rate and proportional mortality were 48.1, 0.66 respectively.
Conclusion: Occurrence and death mainly among age group (2–9) years. Top ten causes and death were leukemia,
lymphoma and bone with decreasing trend of certain cancer and slightly increasing of other. Although minimal changes
were seen in incidence rate trend but there is increasing mortality toward 2023.

Background: No doubt the recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic represents the most serious health and
life threats globally. Vaccination against the disease is considered the cornerstone for controlling the disease.
Aim of the study is to explore public attitudes, perception toward vaccination against COVID-19 infection.
Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by using a modied questionnaire form which was
translated into Arabic language and transformed into a Google form. The form was disseminated to the population online
using di
erent platforms in Mosul City over a period of one month during November 2021 and the participants were
volunteered for every individual above 18 years old.
Results: The number of respondents was 816. At time of data collection it was found that more than half of participants
(54.29%) had been infected by covid-19-virus. About two third (63.85%) were vaccinated against covid-19-virus. The
majority of participants (83.33%) were suspicious about the vaccine’s side e
ect. On other hand, half of them (50.25%)
thought that COVID-19 pandemic cannot be eradicated even if everyone in the society maintains the preventive measures
without vaccination. More than half (56.37%) thought that the vaccines may contain heavy metals or odd materials.
While, 25.37% of them believed that it may cause autism, 44.36% assumed that it may cause infertility and 41.30%
expected that the vaccine may make genetic changes among humans.
Conclusions: The participants of this study had fears about the safety of the vaccine although about half of
them realized that the disease cannot be eradicated with preventive measures only. Also considerable proportions of
participants believed the myths that related to the presence of heavy metals in the vaccine or it may cause autism or
infertility.
It is recommended to improve health literacy of the general public by developing a health education programs.

There is an urgent need for the design and development of new and safer drugs for the treatment of (Blood coagulation).
New derivatives of furan-2-qoinoline as anti-coagulation drug bearing furan, quinolone, were synthesized with the
aim of developing new drug inhibitors (Factor Xa enzyme) respectively. In our study, synthesis of the new organic
compounds derived from Furo-2-quinolone substituted by treated with ammonia derivatives like hydrazine, give K6,
and (1-Amino-4,6-dimethyl furo[3,2-g] quinoline-2-one) K6 then react with Formaldehyde to form K6a. And evaluated
their e
ects on coagulation in the docking (MCULE). then compared this compound, with the Rivaroxaban. compound
give the result based on docking program analysis. And chose the novel compound that showed the highest negative
AG value, indicating strong interaction and e
ective inhibition of (Factor Xa) enzymes. This enzyme plays a crucial role
in the series of chemical reactions that lead to blood clotting. The results showed that the prepared organic compound
exhibited strong binding and inhibition towards these enzymes. Therefore, this theoretical study, based on the docking
MCULE program, indicates that the new organic compound K6a is a more potent anticoagulant than and Rivaroxaban.
This is because this compound inhibits the activity of Factor Xa, preventing the formation of thrombin. Without thrombin,
brin (the protein that forms the basis of a blood clot) cannot form. As a result, blood clot formation is reduced, helping
to prevent clots in blood vessels.

Objectives: To evaluate the glycemic control and to identify the possible side e
ects of multiple insulin regimen
versus twice daily regimen among diabetic patients whom visited the endocrine unit at Al Khansa’a Teaching Hospital
in Mosul from the 1st of January 2023 to the end of December 2023.
Methods: This is a cohort descriptive study. Patients case sheets were reviewed to acquire the mandatory information.
The questionnaire was composed of two sections, rst section included demographic information while the second
covered specic diabetes Mellitus information.
Results: Sixty-nine children with type 1 diabetes were included in the study, with (52%) males and (48%) females.
About two thirds of the studied sample were on multiple daily injections of insulin and one third was on twice daily
dosing. HbA1c mean was dropped from 10.81.7 at baseline to 8.5 1.5 (p<0.001) among BID group, while it
dropped from 11.3 1.7 at baseline to 8.1 1.0 (p<0.001) among MDI group. There was no signicant di
erence in
reported hypoglycaemia between the two groups: which was 29 out of 43 (67%) among MDI group compared to 16 out
of 26 (62%) among BID group.
Conclusion and Recommendation: It has been demonstrated that multiple insulin regimen can improve teenagers’
glycemic control with less episodes of hypoglycemia. Providing Rapid-acting insulin (lispro) and long-acting insulin
(glargine) in hospital and centers dealing with diabetes is benecial as their prices are not a
ordable to all patients’
families.

Cryopreservation is a crucial part of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) that has developed to maintain gametes
and embryos viable for long periods of time. Recent technological developments, such as vitrication and innovative
cryoprotectant that have signicantly raised pregnancy success rates and enhanced embryo viability are highlighted in
this review. The integration of state-of-the-art technology like single-cell sequencing is explored, and persistent issues
with genetic stability and cryoinjury are addressed. The necessity for strong international regulations is emphasized in the
discussion of ethical issues, especially those pertaining to the long-term storage and use of embryos. These developments
are inuencing the direction of (ART) and improving its ecacy and accessibility globally.