AL-AMEED JOURNAL

This study aims to clarify the leadership styles of Imam Ali (peace
be upon him) by means of his educa????onal and guiding speech
through linguis????c methods that contribute and granted the power
of influence and persuasion and strengthen the mental contents and
leadership images that the Imam (peace be upon him) embraces to
convey to the addressees. To reach Islamic humanitarian goals and
to move towards a just system that achieves growth and benefit for
humanity at all levels and aspects of life, whether it is poli????cal, social,
administra????ve, military or religious, give importance to such a
stylis????c study. There are certain leadership rhetorical methods and
among these methods is the stylis????c vocaliza????on employed by the
Imam (peace be upon him) to influence the addressee, arouse his
a????en????on and s????mulate his awareness of Islamic and humanitarian
purposes and goals.
It is believed that this study is one of the first literary studies that
tackle the phenomenon of leadership; if not the first. Therefore، this
phenomenon is defined and its concepts are clarified in the preface,
which includes a statement of the concept of leadership, visions on
style and stylis????cs, stylis????cs of the vocal level and an introduc????on to
the stylis????cs of rhythmicity. Then there are four axes; terminal assonance,
parallel assonance, studded assonance, balanced assonance,
then these axes are followed with a conclusion.

This paper addresses the ques????on of Quranic poli????cal empathy
from the viewpoint of Imam Ali (pbuh). The poli????cal empathy reflected
in some verses of the Glorious Quran designates the empathy between
the hearts of the believers and embraces the Prophet or the infallible
Imam or their representa????ves. The purpose of the study lies in tackling
the major poli????cal objec????ves. In this paper, the researcher a????empts
to address the ques????on from the perspec????ve of Nahjulbalagha, Road
of Eloquence that contains the sermons and aphorism of the imam Ali
(Peace be upon him and his progeny). Moreover, the ar????cle tries to
reveal the poli????cal dimensions of poli????cal empathy in an introduc????on,
three main chapters and a conclusion. The first main one provides a
precise defini????on of poli????cal empathy with reference to two verses
that have been revealed on the very purpose. In the second, the three
dimensions of poli????cal empathy are shown: the faith dimension, the
Islamic dimension and the human dimension with reference to Imam
Ali’s words that are consistent with each of the above-men????oned dimensions.
In the third, there is a focus on the founda????ons of Quranic
poli????cal empathy. Furthermore, the researcher explains the founda-
????ons of poli????cal empathy based on Imam Ali’s words in Nahjulbalagha.
In the conclusion, it proves that the Quranic poli????cal empathy is one of
the most important factors through which the Islamic sublime objec-
????ves can be met as stated in the introduc????on that the Islamic poli????cal
system is founded on faith-based brotherhood which paves the way
for the establishment of a just global Islamic government.

The search includes the Zanj Rebellion the imam Ali , peace be
upon him, envisaged before three centuries . The Zanj Rebellion is
one of the problems and crises that influences the Islamic society ,
calls for the principles of Islam and supports the oppressed against
the Abbasid State . But it deviates more from its path and principles
to kill, burn and cast famine and poverty on people than to s????ck to
the confirmed principles of Islamic religion. As the leader Ali bin
Mohammed claims that he belongs to Imam Ali , peace be upon
him, in pedigree , then it was false to belong to him and he emulates
the style of Al- Khawarj. The first chapter tackles the Zanj Rebellion
and its events ,the second chapter does the narra????ve of predic????on ,
envisaging, text .The third does the defects of the narra????ve of predic
????on Imam Ali does for the Zanj Rebellion .

The historical narra????ves of conquest and founda????on of Al-Basra
are the most important sources for recording historical incidents.
Taking into considera????on the most important historical sources men-
????oned by these narra????ves as the history of Caliph bin Khayyat (240 AH
/ 854AD), and Fatuh Albaldan of Al-Balathari (346 AH / 956 AD), the
History of Messengers and Kings of Al-Tabari (310 AH / 922 AD), Maruj
Althahib and Ma`adan Aljawhar of Al-Masudi (346 AH / 956 AD).
The research study includes: first, the nature of Basra and its
geographical loca????on, second, the historical narra????ves of the conquest
and founda????on of Al-Basra, because of its great importance in
the issue of historical recording, third, the most important narrators
who contributed to the recording of the historical narra????ves of the
conquest and founda????on of Al-Basra. Fourth, the approaches of the
historians to the historical narra????ves of the conquest and founda-
????on of Al-Basra, highly credited in the past and present. As for the
most important results reached, they are as follows: the strategic
and vital loca????on of Basra has a major impact on the course of historical
events in terms of loca????on and events, and the narra????ves of
the conquest and founda????on of Al-Basra the narra????ves are characterized
with authen????city and details.

The current research, Sugges????ve Indica????ons of the Quranic Verses
in the Fedak Sermon, is an important topic in Islamic history and
doctrine . Adhering to the religion of the Messenger , Peace be upon
him and his progeny , designates not mere words ; it is a ma????er of
deeds to approach their course , take them as an example and to
expose the unjust act they incur , in par????cular Al-Zahra , peace be
upon her, who was oppressed and whose right was usurped a????er
the death of her father . So the unjust acts find existence in her sermon
delivered to the people, all the commons and dignitaries the
Messenger recommended to take care of her before his death, but
she went oppressed , usurped and rib-broken .
There is an introduc????on to the general viewpoints of the research
. The ????tle , Indica????ve Significance and the Fadek Sermon,
comes to throw light on the defini????on of the indica????on in language
and conven????on, sugges????on in language and conven????on, the defini-
????on of the Zahra sermon and its most important founda????ons and
the general indica????ons of the sermon.
The first chapter is en????tled as The Direct Sugges????ve Significance
of Quranic Verses in the Vedic Sermon, the second as Indirect
indica????ve indica????ons of Quranic verses in the sermon. The
conclusion manifests the sermon, its content , the verses and the
indirect sugges????ons in the sermon .Moreover the ar????cle highlights
the most important results that the researcher reaches, and the
most important sources and references that the researcher employs
to complete the research, and perhaps the most important
thing that gives importance to the research is that it arouses sorrows
in the soul and calls for a careful reading on the chronicle of the infallibles , peace be upon them, to fathom the significance of
their words to perceive the Quran , as they are the interpreters of
it and emulate it in all the walks of their life. Last to pray is to thank
Him , the Almighty.

Anatomy is a branch of biology and concerns itself with the study
of the shape and structure of organisms as well as their parts. It is
inherently related to embryology, compara????ve anatomy, and evolu
????onary biology, and because the processes it studies anatomy
arises in an immediate and long-term ????me frame. The subject matter
of the present research includes the provisions of the autopsy
and other related ma????ers, as well as certain language and jokes, to
be organized in a preface and three chapters. The most important
thing that the study focuses is the statement of the primary and
secondary judgment of the anatomy in the first chapter, then explaining
how the anatomy provision changes in different purposes
in the second one, while focusing on the most important issues is
associated with the autopsy process in the third one.

The aim of the research is to monitor the rela????onship between
the literary text and society. The literary text is described as a smaller
structure generated by a larger structure called the social structure.
Because this phenomenon is widespread, the researcher choses the
le????ers of Al-Saheb bin Abbad, specifically the le????ers that call for the
conquests. It is believed that the literary text of Al-Saheb is not a special
text between the writer, the minister, and the governors, but it
is found that there are structures indica????ng the intent of the author
that targets a large audience of people wai????ng for the merits of such
le????ers. This audience is accustomed to receiving a literary text compa
????ble with the nature of the second Abbasid era characterized with
rhetorical wri????ngs. Such is traceable in Al Saheb bin Abbad, whose
literature responds to the nature of his era: it is a mirror reflec????ng
his society with all its repercussions, in par????cular the poli????cal ones.

The study of the long-term recurrence of the drought phenomenon
is necessary to adapt and mi????gate the risks of drought, as the
study aims to assess the temporal and spa????al varia????on of the trend
and frequency of droughts in the Middle Euphrates for the period
(1950-2019), for twelve grid points for rain and temperature data
derived from the center. Climate Research (CRU TS v4. 04), using
the Standardized Precipita????on-Evapotranspira????on Index (SPEI) for
four-????me scales (1, 3, 6 and 12) months, using the (Rho) test, the
results show an increase in the general trend of (-0. 17) for each
decade in all ????me scales of sta????s????cal significance, and it becomes
clear that the driest years during the studied period of ????me are the
years (1998, 2000, 2008, 2017). A drought rate has reached 51% in
the past 70 years, and the last decade has been the most severe.
Drought by 73%, as the last two decades, witnessed a steady increase
in the categories of severe drought, extreme and very extreme,
in contrast to a decrease in moderate condi????ons at a rate of
(-7. 1) per decade with a severe decrease in the last decade, as the
percentage of moderate condi????ons reached 27% Interes????ngly. The
homogeneity of spa????al changes in the study is concerned with providing
a long-term local assessment of the fluctua????ons of drought
that can contribute to a be????er understanding of climate change and
its poten????al impacts on agriculture, food security, water, vegeta????on
degrada????on, soil, and water resource management.

The research deals with a phonological problem between the
ancients and the modernists, and between the ancients themselves
. Such a problem is represented by the gathering of silos in
a spoken phoneme without being separated by consonant. There
was a difference between the advanced linguists and the scholars
of Tajweed, Quranic recita????on. It is rejected by linguists because it
does not conform to the phonemic rules .As they rejected everything
that weighs the tongue or is difficult for it, while most of the
tajweed scholars do not reject that, because it is men????oned with
significant Quranic readings, and many of the readers u????er .
Among the aspects on which the research is based there is a
term ; phonemic cluster and its concept, sta????ng the ancients’ posi-
????on on the issue of the phonemic cluster and standing on the opinions
of the scholars. Also there is the phonological disagreement
between the modernists in ma????ers per????nent to the phenomenon
of the phonemic cluster.
The researcher relies heavily on the theory of phonemic syllables
in explaining the changes that occur in the structure of two words
when mee????ng in a single phonological sequence . It is not to be hidden
that there is importance for the theory of phonemic syllables in
explaining the results .

Family building is the quest of all humans that needs to be
shed lights on since human relationships are the most important
issues that could be analysed linguistically, religiously and legally.
Therefore, this study a????empts to analyse metapragmatically the act
of marriage in religious and legislative texts, namely, the Quranic
and biblical texts and legislations of both Iraq and Britain. The major
aims of this study are to examine the metapragmatic factors that
influence marriage in religious and legislative texts and compare
between the two languages in terms of marriage metapragmatically
in religious and legal laws. The researcher uses a qualitative method
of research to examine and describe the selected data in this study.
The model employed in this study is Searle’s felicity conditions
(1965) and classifications of speech acts (1975) to show the cross
cultural differences of the same speech act. The results of this study
reveal that metapragmatic factors have essential role on affecting,
performing and expressing marriage across religions and cultures.
It is also found that the same speech act is performed differently
across cultures employing different felicity conditions.

A????er a long suffering from discrimination, isolation, neglect and
mistreatment by men, women nowadays play an important role in
society as politicians, socialists and economists. However, they still
face a great number of problems, obstacles and barriers to become an
important member in the society. The fundamental idea of the study
is the conflict between diverse social relations, which constitutes
the core idea around which the power of conceptualization to
mold between men and women rotates. This study presents these
social relations from a feminist point of view. It aims to discuss Willy
Russell's Educating Rita in terms of gender roles, which aptly reveal
the systemization of power according to social distinction between
the characters in the play. In the current paper, comparativetypological,
analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and
contextual interpretation of the play are investigated to identify the
main problems and plot tendencies. This study concludes that the
characters in Russell's play stay commi????ed to competing for power
with each other, but Rita's, as a female character, manages to resolve
this ba????le. She is in favour of women advancing their place in society.
The maintenance of this conviction allows her to transcend all the
social barriers to achieve a new role and status in a masculine society.

One of the most important strategies to develop sciences and to
teach their students or researchers is to study the fields of wri????ng
that describes the methodologies of the authors in represen????ng academic
issues.
From the wri????ng methodologies the classifica????on, chapteriza
????on and arrangement come to support the wri????ng system. The
classifica????on sets the issues in parts; a word could be in noun, verb
and preposi????on or a verb is to be classified into its deriva????ons. Definitely,
chapteriza????on runs in line with the scien????fic topics, then
arrangement serves to lay importance to certain issues more than
other ones.
The current study focuses on the classifica????on, chapteriza????on
and arrangement in an objec????ve method to fathom the most appropriate
evidence for the be????erment of the results. No right orienta
????on without His guidance.