Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The Conflict in Syria has opened a wide extent of Struggle interaction for International and Regional Powers, which have shift Syria to International and Regional war field as it was in near future Iraq and Lebanon. Also; this International and Regional interaction will employed his outcomes for re-formation of the region, So it become Controlled to destroy the fragment stability there, This caused a catestrofian outcome for Syria and the Region nowadays as well as in the Future.

The Seljuk appearance on the scene may point a new era in the history of the Arab-Islamic state, as he took on the rule of the State of Great Seljuk six of the sultans of the powerful, who have had impact on the expansion of the Seljuk states, was their era of well-known luxury and extravagance Ages in their palaces inside Baghdad, it is of bright Ages, which began from (429-552h / 1037-1157m) since Tughril to the Sultan Sanjar, which is the last sultan of the Seljuks powerful, which was squeezed from the longest times in this country, with longer duration of his reign nearly sixty years, and speeches to him on the platforms in the Iraqis and the Levant, Diyarbakir and hit the rail in his name and dubbed many titles as dubbed his predecessors, and they boast the titles, palaces, clothes and ornaments of rare and precious jewels, as well as furniture and decorations in their homes are very overpriced

The Value of this Research comes from the importance of the Historical and political information of the parties and associations that embodied the struggle of Kurdish People in South Kurdistan (Iraq), In the Two phases Mandate and Independence.
This Research has been divided into two sections , The First section included the most important Kurdish Associations that have appeared in the city of Sulaymaniyah in the first stage of mandate which were founded by number of educated young people from the Aristocracy Kurdish and joined them some of students and public servant, Such as Ta'ali Kurdistan association, Kurdistan association and The National Defence association All in Sulaymaniyah between 1921-1924 and had noble Position whether claiming the Rights of Kurdish people Or claiming Mousl to join Iraq and stand against Turkish Demands in Mousl as well as claiming to liberate Iraq from the British control.
The Kurd spolitical activity dad not stop but continued between 1924-1939, when it was declared the establish ment of number of associations that made Knowledge and literature interface for political activities.
Including AL-Irtqa Club in 1930and the Society of Lawan (young members), Darkh (woodcutter), and the Association of Barayati (brothe rhood ) . These association spreaded the Kurdish literature and culture and sustain the spirit of Arab brotherhood The Clain of Kurdish national rights for Kurdish people for deciding Theire destiny.
While the second section shed light the most important stage of the partisan and political history of Kurdish people during World war II, This section also included the most important three Kurdish parties that had a huge role in the Kurdish movement of national liberation, Such as Hiwa party (Hope), Shoresh Party ( Revolution), But this party didn't last.
Shoresh and Hiwa Parties joined together under one party called Rizgari ( Salvation), Finally these three parties settled down by joining Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran, To open a branch in Iraqi Kurdistan in 1946 by Selecting Mulla Mustafa Barazani as its President.
As he wrote personal notes who lived through the events of this phase of the research and other important ones diary Sheikh Atta Talabani, and the papers full Jadraji and others. As the Iraqi sources, which addressed the issue of the Kurdish parties, including the book associations and Kurdish parties to Abdul Sattar Taher Sharif, as well as the history of political parties in Iraq Iraqi Morg Abdul Razzaq al-Hassani as well as dozens of Arab and Arabized sources that enriched the research valuable information.
And conclude research conclusion included the most important findings of her study.

The Moroccan diplomacy gave Palestine a significant importance, and they paid more attention to it since Islam entered Morocco by Otba Bin Nafeh in 670 A.C.. The importance of Palestine to the Moroccan diplomacy flows from the position of Jerusalem in Islam. The Moroccan diplomacy along with The other countries of the Arab world played a crucial role in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict because the Palestinian issue was a priority on the top of the agenda of the world diplomacy. In this study , the researcher discusses the support the Moroccans gave to the Palestinian issue before and after independence. The Palestinian issue was only considered as an Arab issue, it was also considered as a national Moroccan issue adopted by both the people and the politicians. The Moroccan support reached its peak when the Moroccan diplomacy admitted P.L.O as the legitimate and the only representative of the Palestinians in 1974.

The Iraq remained until the end of the second War World 1945 suffered from the bad political economy of British , and its impact on Iraqi economy, this reflects on the public status for Iraqi categories, furthermore on economic activities didn’t achieve any progress and remained Iraqi in cycle of undeveloped , and as try to absorb this curse , the Iraq government with guide of British permitted and allowed the Iraqi’s parties to exist, this matter make them tried to be against these phenomena through using press and consider it as political demands of Iraqi’s people and construct their economy.
The research divided into two sections , the first section deals with economic conditions in Iraq since the British invasion until the end of Second War World. The second section involves the attitude of public press of opposition political parties toward these conditions for period 1946-1954.

Spatial analysis of traffic accidents on the road to Baghdad - Cote d'
Represent traffic accidents and the resulting human and material losses with significant implications for the national economy through the resulting from the steadily growing in accidents. The purpose of the preparation of this message, highlighting the importance of the road to Baghdad - Cote in between Baghdad and Khafezh Wasit and cons of accidents and the problems caused by the extent of their capacity to satisfy the need of users in the study area private towing General because this road is a product of the development in the study area , reaching Total length of road ( 172 / km) a reflection of the level of development and economic activity, which reached the region as well as the fact that this road is the basis for the implementation of many projects of economic and development across the two provinces and Iraq also aimed message to determine the extent of the impact of geographic factors positively and negatively on the network, in order to finding the relationship between the road as a phenomenon of geography and the surroundings of the elements of natural and human in its schedule, and the aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and features and follow the development dimensions of the road , and explore patterns in the light of the changes spatial in the
territory of the study and evaluation of geography as a reflection of the extent of its development economically and socially in the study area,In order to achieve these goals varied ways curriculum known followed by the researcher , in keeping with the nature of the topics in the course of the search, The study of traffic accidents on the road to Baghdad - Cote d' distribution and causes and effects that appear as a result of such incidents so contained study carries four chapters and ensure each chapter , including a number of detective first chapter three detectives , first , for example , use historical approach when pursuing the origins and evolution of roads and the second part the use of the curriculum fundamentalist , which dealt with geographical factors that have affected the road network , which turned out to be an impact and role in causing the accident and then in Section III of the research study of human factors and their impact on the way the study area and traffic accidents.

Agriculture is of great importance because its products are a major source of food and industrial materials. Agriculture is a main craft, employing large numbers of the people of Mesopotamia, the source of their livelihood, and the source of the wealth of the owners. The taxes imposed by the government in the past and recently on agriculture are a major source of prosperity and development of the country, and the availability of means to flourish the agricultural sector and its duties from the government, and the Office of the abscess is the old task of collecting taxes on agriculture from the peasants of the most important government offices and the most complex .

This study aimed to know the effect of using the strategy (SWOM) in the collection of the first grade average students and deductive thinking in mathematics .arrive to goal put the following two hypotheses:
1. No statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students who will study in accordance with the strategy (SWOM) and degrees of control group students who will study according to the usual way in achievement test.
2. No statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students who will study in accordance with the strategy (SWOM) and degrees of control group students who will study on according to the usual method of testing deductive reasoning.
The research sample of first grade average students were selected in a medium Maaz bin Jabal Boys of the General Directorate for Educational Karkh second in Baghdad for the first semester 2015-2016.otkont of the Year (57 students), and the appointment of random selected Division (d) to represent the experimental group rate (31 students) and Division (a) to represent the rate of the control group (26 students). and the results showed the following: -
1.There is a difference is statistically significant at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students who have studied according to the strategy (SWOM) and degrees of control group students who have studied according to the usual way in the achievement test . And in favor of the experimental group students.
2.no difference statistically significant at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students who have studied according to the strategy (SWOM) and degrees of control group students who have studied according to the usual method of testing deductive reasoning. And in favor of the experimental group students.

Moral construction is to build a whole society through the education system if it is in the family, school and all the official beginning of the individual as he is responsible for himself and his family, including that of morality on the whole is the gain of the father or mother or family or community, or from everyone. If ( all the same, including earned hostage) that ensures for individuals to know what is the moral they construct, so this acquisition is of sound architecture basic principle here that the morality of the individual's behavior in itself and society, and the two could not have detract from the importance of each of them, it is a modern confused civil attributes and mergers and non-discrimination between humans Kid is in line with the reality of moral sense, until the evolution must be taking into account the educational system. If someone know a culture and level of moral community and the awareness that he wanted the community can ask for their reality educational regulars and family, and how this reality instilling in his people the values and principles morality ?, sound morality is a reality as a result of that community who knew how to develop and elevating its members? and how it promotes good ethical practices? How is following his community in such practices as normal?, every manifestation of life sound constantly happening and choose the natural behavior that proved its validity experience in the community, it came to pass then choose to upgrade and develop the basic measure under the cultural evolution of the human being in a very serious matter in a very simple moral ground.

• The present study aims at identifying the political Education of Mohammad ( prayers be on him) and its educational applications , So as to be a living example to follow in the different levels of political work , as well as to create a generation of youth capable of Facing the cultural invasion which may takes away their rights in their country unconsciously.
• The limits of the present study has been the prophet sunnah during prophet Mohammad's life from his birth till his death .
Several results have been reached at such as :
1. Prophet Mohammad has been capable within twenty years to overcame on all the obstacles that have faced him , including the unbelievers who have fought , hurt , and dismissed him out of meccah in addition to the hypo crates who have conspired against him .
2. The Prophet has been capable to make revolution that has never been like during history which has happened in a whole people be life that has transformed them from being unbelievers in to believers in one God.
3. The Prophet has achieved what others efforts during centuries have not been able to achieve, within twenty years , those efforts of Jews and Christians wich have not been achieved in spite of their powers and all efforts .
4. This success has non a like in the whole history , which has been achieved with God Al-mighty blessings firstly , and prophet Mohammad's wise policy that he has followed with his friends and enemies as well .
Several conclusions have been put forward such as :
1. The Prophet has established the secret group and the public group , which call to change the society systems and beliefs , and use all the available media means such as single communication, Rhetoric , the media war against Thought and all this is political work.
2. The basis that the Prophets' political education has been based on is the belie fine One God ( Al- Tawheed ) and Islam with all the legislated beliefs , worships and treatments .
3. The Prophets' enemies have employed their Al- Jahiliah policy , while the prophet has fought them by a divine Islamic policy .

The problem with research in the lack of research on the subject of professional pressures in educational institutions management, and try to identify the nature of the work management pressures, which came from the sense of the researchers during their work in middle and junior high schools affiliated to the Directorate General of Education Baghdad Karkh first affiliated to the Ministry of Education the field of research born need to know the reasons for the professional pressures, diagnosis, treatment and ways of facing professional pressures because of their effect on the performance of the educational institution and the effectiveness and success of individuals.
1. The first goal: to identify the nature of occupational stress among middle and junior high school principals from their point of view management. As the results came in favor of the sample any and having a professional pressures and degree is very high, and attributed the researchers to display middle and junior high school principals to considerable pressure from several multiple sources, whether from supervision, or parents, or from an organizational point of frequent burdens resulting from daily work
2. The second objective: Are there significant differences in the nature of professional pressures prevailing in middle and junior high schools, the Department of differences to the General Directorate for Educational Baghdad Kerch first variable depending on sex, years of service, and the results showed that the differences are not statistically significant. The similarity of the circumstances of the regulatory environment and internal and external laws and regulations, instructions and various years of service and agent of equality.

The study aimed to identify Daily Hassles and its relationship to professional competence among Educational Counselors, the researcher used descriptive approach and reached the study sample (400) Educational Counselors. The researcher instruments used are: Daily Hassles scale and second professional competence scale has been checked and validtiy (face, and construction) and consistency of the instruments using the re-test, and internal consistency Cronbach's alpha The study came to the following findings: - The degree of Daily Hassles among Educational Counselors was (145.1725) this refers to a higher level, compared with the The theoretical average of (138) and that professional competence level have (135.182), a high level indicates that the enjoyment of the sample with professional competence, compared with the The theoretical average of (102) and the study showed that there were statistically significant differences between Educational Counselors in Daily Hassles due to the variable sex, the results showed no significant statistical differences between Educational Counselors in the level of professional competence due to the variable sex and the results indicated the presence of a positive correlation between Daily Hassles function and professional competence relationship.

A field study aimed to evaluate the performance of secondary schools in the examinations from the perspective of teachers, administration managers, adopted in this study, descriptive and analytical approach. Was identified research community which consisted of (3981), a school teacher, research sample stratified random way chosen by (6.882%) of the research community, as the number of respondents reached (274) of secondary teachers. Was built questionnaire included 60 items distributed among the fields of study. And make sure the two researchers of the validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using the search software (SPSS), and the researchers apply the resolution in the first semester of the academic year 2015-2016. And reached the following findings: that the performance of school principals in exams administration level was up about a year and reflects the skill and ability.

The objective of this research the impact of planning organizations in the collection of material chemistry and thinking Sounding for fourth grade students through the scientific validation of null hypothesis following:
1. There is no difference statistically significant at the level of significance (0.05) in the post test between the mean scores of students in the experimental group that studied according to planning organizations, and the mean scores of the control group students who studied in the traditional way in the collection of material chemistry.
2. There is no difference statistically significant at the level of significance (0.05) in the post test between the mean scores of students in the experimental group that studied according to planning organizations, and the mean scores of students of the control group which studied the traditional way of thinking Sounding.
The researcher building tools are: test grades for chemistry, and the measure of Probe Thinking.
It was selected junior high Balqes Intentionally among the schools community research and to cooperate school administration with the researcher, and the school has (3) people to forth grade science, was selected group (a) and (c) at random, and reached their number (67) Student, by (33) student Group (a) a Experiment, and (34) student Group (b) was Control.
The study found the following results:
1. there is a difference is statistically significant at the level of significance (0.05) in the post test between the mean scores of students in the experimental group that studied in accordance with the strategy planning organizations, and the mean scores of the control group students who studied in the traditional way in the collection of chemistry for the experimental group.
2. there is a difference is statistically significant at the level of significance (0.05) in the post test between the mean scores of students in the experimental group that studied in accordance with the strategy planning organizations, and the mean scores of students of the control group which studied the traditional way of Probe Thinking, for the experimental group.
The researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals.

The current research will aim to build the measure of the existential presence and cultural alienation of secondary school teachers according to the gender variables and the relation between the two variables. One of the research procedures was the selection of a sample of (200) teachers in the Directorate of Education Rusafa / first (115) teaching (85) teaching. The researcher highlighted the measures on some local, Arab and foreign standards in this subject. The number of paragraphs is the measure of the existential presence in its final form (50). The measure of cultural expatriation in its final form is 28 paragraphs. The results showed that the teachers had an existential presence. The males were less in the existential presence of females than in the statistical significance at the level of significance (0.05). The results showed that the teachers suffer from cultural alienation. The males are more attractive than the female and statistically significant at (0.05) Results There is a relationship between existential presence and cultural alienation among high school teachers.

Address our marked with (Environmental product between need, Customs and application) to examine the concept of need and the custom of the product of environmental as well as the possibility of employment of the product of environmental products in a contemporary, has emerged as the importance of research needs and the basic needs of secondary school and its relation to custom and tradition. Find out the set of results, including
1. Basic needs and secondary schools are the foundation to create a product ecosystem
2. Affect religious practice largely on the nature of the constituent motifs and colors used in the product and then comes the environmental heritage and historical social custom then, according to the sequence
3. Possible to employ the product's environmental products developed using modern raw material after treatment with the same permanence to enable some to gain employment or visual appearance of materials in the products of materials in the products of modern environmental.

The current study aimed at recognizing the effect of using similarities strategy on developing the skills of mathematical connections for the elementary stage pupils. The researcher used semi-experimental approach, so he designed a module based on similarities strategy. He selected its content about “summation” from mathematics book for the fourth grade in elementary stage in Iraq. This module was taught to a7 population of 40 pupils in the fourth grade of elementary stage. The researcher applied pre-test, immediate and postponed post-tests about mathematical connections on the same population.
The study had the following results:
- There is a statistically significant difference in the pupils’ scores in the test of mathematical connections between the pre-test and immediate post-test for the sake of the immediate post-test.
- There is no statistically significant difference in the pupils’ scores in the test of mathematical connections between immediate post-test and the postponed post-test.

The aim of this study is to identify the effect of Using Buxton - logic Intelligence and fourth class in physics find determined by fourth grade students the average of the province of Baghdad for the academic year 2015- 2016 , the four chapters of the first semester of physics textbook for Grade Average Total sample (62) female students in the secondgrade as(31) studentsfor the experimental group and (31) for the control group. the researcher formulated (125) behavioral objectives within the levels (remembering.understanding .application .analysis.) according to blooms classification of the cognitive field . the researcher adopted an achievement test made from (40) items the type the multiple choice. She also prepared test of motivation toward physics logic Intelligence stage made up of (35) andfor the purpose of verifying the equivalence of research groups have been ,( the previous –information , age in monthes , intellingence ,testreflective – logic Intelligence) the use of study f Using Buxton in the achievement of the scientific branch students fourth class and logic Intelligence

This study aims at finding out the University of Baghdad / College of Mass Media students’ fanaticism and finding out the Different according to sex and grade variable. The sample of the study consists of (140) students, responds to a questionnaire of (23) items. This questionnaire is verified its validity and reliability. The results of the study show that the sample of the study does not show fanaticism and there are no significant differences according to the variable of sex and there are no significant differences according to the variable of grade i.e., no significant differences between the first grade students and fourth grade students. According to the result the researcher recommends that the positive attitudes of the students towards social and educational values should be supported and modified the students’ negative concepts and values. Finally, the research suggests studying the fanaticism with other variables.

The current research aims to identify the thinking based on the wisdom of graduatestudents in the college of Education/AL Mustansiriy University,as well as the knowledge of the difference in thinking based on the wisdom of these students depending on the gender variable(Males – Females). The research adopted the thinking based on the wisdom scale of (Brown & Green, 2006) Based om Brown,s mutidimentional model of wisdom, and the translation of Ayud and his condification into the Arabyan environment. The research obtained this scale from the study of (AL Dahim, 2016). This scale is a self – report questionnaire consisting of (64) items measuring eight dimensions.The dimensions are: Self – Knowledge, Emotional Management, Altruism, Inspirational Engagement, Judgment, Life Knowledge, Life Skills, Willingness to Learn.
The respondent determines his response to the scale by using the likert method by choosing one of the following five atternatives: I agree very strongly, Iagree to alarge extent, Iagree moderately, Iagree to a small extent, Iagree very little and takes the correction grades (1,2,3,4,5). After checking the standard properties of the scale of the validity an dstability. The scale was applied to the basic research sample of(60) male and female graduate studentin the College of Education. The data obtained feom the sample were processed statistically, the following results were obtained:
1. The sample of graduate students dose not have a thinking based on wisdom (to toal grade). But they have some components of the thinking based on wisdom (Self- Knowledge, Management of Emotions, Knowledge of Life, and Willingness to Learn). While they have components (Altruism, Inspirational Engagemen, Judgment, and Life Skills).
2. There is no statistically significant difference in the thinking based on wisdom (total score) depending on the gender variable. There is statistically significant difference in the components of the thinking based on wisdom (Emotional Management, Altruism, Judgment, Life Knowledge) depending on the gender variable. The difference was statistically significant for males, while the difference significant for females in the component (Willingness to Learn). There was no statistically significant difference according to the gender variable in the components (Self – Knowledge, Inspirational Engagement, and Life Skills).

Attention to issues of community and information networks and social increased since the Internet form Vdhaih informational and success in establishing his groups, has become the Internet Btfaalath part of everyday life for many individuals, saluting exposed Iraqi family, many of the challenges of growing and dangers with Maishdh society of rapid shifts physical and intellectual changes coincide with the breadth the pace of globalization and openness to Western cultures, especially with the wide range of technological and communication revolution and the information that allowed ample room for the penetration of the effects of other cultures in the reality of Iraqi society, and in this regard this study provides an analysis of the extent of utilization of the Internet in the province of Baghdad and its impact on the social security of the Iraqi society has adopted the study on two foundations theoretical side and the side of the field to collect the necessary information and data required for the analyzes of the study has reached important results, as put forward a number of recommendations that can help to achieve positive and effective results.