Journal of Physical Education

Research objective: To determine the extent of the impact of vehicle exercises on playing positions in developing some talents for football players aged (16-18) years. The research assumed: that there were statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests in physical abilities according to playing positions for football players aged (16-18) years, in favor of the experimental group. The researchers used the experimental method (by designing two experimental groups and a control group with pre- and post-tests for its suitability and the nature of the problem, to achieve the research objectives). The community of origin (216) was deliberately identified, represented by Kirkuk Governorate football club players aged (16-18 years) who represent (10) clubs. The number of members of the research community was (26) players. The research sample was randomly divided into two groups, one experimental and the other a control, with (10) players for each group. A number of players were chosen from the research sample to conduct the exploratory experiment, numbering (6) players. The research sample numbered (20) players, with a percentage of (12.03%) of the total research community. The research sample was chosen intentionally, represented by North Gas Sports Club players aged (16-18) years, and the exploratory experiment was conducted on Tuesday, September 19/9/ 2023, at (five-thirty in the afternoon) at the North Gas Sports Club stadium. Football on a group of players in the basic research sample, which numbered (6) players. The researchers concluded: that complex exercises according to playing positions have an impact in developing the physical abilities of football players aged (16-18) years, the most important recommendations. The necessity of using complex exercises according to playing positions in developing the physical capabilities of football players aged (16-18) years by coaches working in clubs and national teams.

The research aims to build a scale (multiplicity of sports media) from the point of view of those in charge of managing the security of Iraqi football stadiums and to identify the role of the multiplicity of sports media in security education for sports stadiums, using the descriptive research methodology in the survey method, on the research sample represented by those in charge of managing the security of sports stadiums in football working in (the Iraqi Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Youth and Sports and the Iraqi National Olympic Committee), which amounted to (592) divided into three exploratory samples (10), structural (300), and the main Applied (282), the researcher used the system (SPSS) to process the research data statistically, to find out the validity of the construction of the scale, and after the results obtained by the researcher reached that the scale (multiplicity of sports media) contributes to the contribution rate (58.6%) to security education in sports stadiums, although the scale is suitable for what was built for it according to the conditions of measurement and construction in the science of sports management, and the researcher recommended the need for coordination between those in charge of managing the security of sports stadiums with multiple sports media to support and spread security education In stadiums, with the establishment of seminars, conferences and workshops with the participation of researchers and academics and the presence of federations, clubs and heads of fan associations with the aim of security education in football sports stadiums

The research aims to: build a scale for investment and sports marketing for Iraqi sports clubs, and to identify the role of investment and sports marketing for Iraqi sports clubs from the point of view of members of the administrative bodies. The researchers used the descriptive approach with the survey method to suit the nature of the problem. The research community was represented by members of the administrative bodies of the clubs of Baghdad Governorate, while the research sample was represented by (25) clubs with a number of members (200) members of the administrative body. The sample was divided into several samples: the exploratory experiment sample (10) members, the construction sample (100) members, and the application sample (90) members. A number of phrases were formulated, numbering (25) phrases, and they were presented to a group of experts. After applying the scientific foundations, the scale became composed of (25) phrases, as no phrase was deleted. Then the final image of the scale was applied to the research sample. The researchers concluded that they had reached the construction of a scale for entrepreneurial creativity at the Iraqi National Olympic Committee. The scale proved its validity for measuring creativity, investment and marketing for Iraqi sports clubs, and the possibility of applying the scale for investment and sports marketing to other samples. The research sample acknowledges that investment and sports marketing has a major role in raising the efficiency of Iraqi sports clubs.

The aim of the research is to prepare rehabilitation with the diversity of resistors and moving balance tools for football players with rupture of the second type of muscles of the thigh, identifying the effect of qualifying exercises with the diversity of resistors and moving balance tools in developing the angle of dimensions out and the strength of the connective muscles of the interior and the level of pain for football players with a rupture of the second type of muscles of the thigh, Experimental design, the experimental and control groups, and the boundaries of the research community with football players who are injured by the Physiotherapy Division of the Baghdad Education Hospital in the Department of Medicine City, whose total number (17) were injured, and they are in nature from various popular clubs in Baghdad and they are ages between (17-19) years, of whom he was chosen for the research sample (16) injured (94.118 %) of their society. Then they divided into two equal number groups, and one of them was chosen as a livestock to be the experimental group, and the other is controlled, and the tests of the identical to recover from this injury were identified, and the preparation of (18) treatment sessions were applied by (3) sessions per week, and for a period of (6) weeks on the injured of the experimental group, and treatment of tribal and remote tests after the experiment ends with a system (SPSS) for the conclusions that the qualifying exercises with the diversity of resistors and moving balance tools are suitable for therapeutic sessions of the injured football players., And it has a positive effect in developing a force that includes the interior of the connective muscles of the thigh, and it has a positive impact on developing the dimensions of the dimensions outside of the connective muscles of the thigh, and it has a positive effect in reducing the level of pain degree V The connective of the thigh is for football players with a rupture of the second type, The recommendations were that it was necessary not to exaggerate the diversification between resistors and moving balance tools in therapeutic sessions of the luxury muscles of the thigh of the soccer players with rupture of the second type, and the level of pain degree V.A.S) must be adopted) and with caveats when the difficulties of the qualifying exercises for the rehabilitation of the connective muscles of the thigh for the soccer players with the rupture of the second type to preserve Muscle fiber from increased rupture in this affected muscle

The aim of the research was to identify On the effect of the learning-by-play strategy on learning some handball skills among second-stage female students,Comparing the results of students' performance before and after implementing the learning by playing strategy,Providing development proposals for teaching handball skills in light of the research results.,I dependresearcherCurriculumexperimentalIn research procedures as an appropriate approach to achieving research objectives,For two groups, one experimental and the other control,Community of female studentsSecondFor the academic year 2024-2025, consisting of (4Female people (numbering)151) StudentChosen.Research sample30 female students from Section (B) were selected and (4) female students were excluded for the exploratory experiment. The researcher divided the sample, which numbered (26) female students, into two groups randomly: an experimental group in which the (learning by playing method) was used, and a control group (in which the extended curriculum was used). Conclusions Interactive activities and games accompanying the educational units contributed to developing and enhancing understanding and practical application of the skill. Educational units prepared and designed according to the play method proved to be effective in achieving the cognitive and skill objectives of the subject. The play-based learning method enhanced students' motivation towards good learning, and raised the level of participation and interaction within the educational unit. Recommendations: - Involve students in evaluating educational activities. Adopt the play-based learning method in teaching basic skills for all sports. Encourage teachers to design educational units that integrate play-based learning in the early stages of education. Conduct more research on other handball skills and other activities. Conduct more modern strategies for learning sports skills and compare them with traditional ones.

Bodybuilding is a sport that relies on exercises with varying intensity and training loads in order to gain strength and large muscle masses. The external appearance has a special evaluation that we seek to reach through physical training that achieves high physical coordination because it is the key to rising to the first ranks in competitions. From this, the concept of modern training has led to the discovery of many new training methods, techniques and exercises, which have been applied to most sports and have obtained results that should be paid attention to. Among these exercises are modern cardio exercises, which work to develop the circulatory functional systems (cardiac and respiratory systems) and raise endurance physical fitness. It also significantly helps to get rid of excess weight by reducing the amount of body fat for bodybuilding athletes in particular and for other sports in general. “This type of exercise can be adopted continuously to be an incentive to raise the athletic level. (Faisal, Bahaa Dhiab, 2019) The most difficult period faced by a bodybuilding athlete is the special preparation period because the athlete is under the influence of relatively high-repetition exercises with submaximal intensity and is subject to a strict, precise, and specific diet. This is what is applicable in the traditional methods of bodybuilding, and in contrast to these followed methods, other, updated methods have emerged. It is one of the cardio exercises that helps bodybuilders face the difficulty of the special preparation period, as it may have an impact on the level of achieving prominence and muscle definition of the player in a healthy and sound manner while saving time. The research aims to prepare exercises for the special preparation stage of bodybuilding in the cardio style for the players of the Classic Physique category and to identify the effect of the exercises of the special preparation stage for body building in the cardio style on some forms of strength of the arm muscles for the bodybuilding players of the Classic Physique category. The hypothesis of the research was that there is a positive effect. For exercises in the special preparation phase for body building in the cardio style between pre- and post-tests, and for the benefit of post-tests in some forms of strength for the arm muscles for body-building players in the Classic Physique category. The researchers used the experimental method by designing an equal experimental group with two pre- and post-tests. The researchers chose a random sample consisting of (14) bodybuilding players in the Classic Physique category from the participants in the recent Iraqi championship. Their heights ranged between (171 cm - 175 cm) and their weights (77-83) and who They represent (35%) of the research population of (40) players in Baghdad. The homogeneity of the research sample was calculated in terms of age, weight, height, and training age, as shown in Table (3), and the value of the skewness factor (+1) was extracted to indicate the homogeneity of the research sample. The results of the research were positive through the results of post-tests of cardio exercises, and the researchers recommended using cardio exercises for bodybuilding athletes in the Classic Physique category during the special preparation period instead of traditional exercises.

Physical measurements are one of the basic factors that affect the performance of the goalkeeper, especially when confronting fixed kicks that require special skills such as the reaction and accuracy in concentration, and with technological development artificial intelligence has become an effective tool for analyzing mathematical data that is difficult to discover in traditional methods The study aims to employ techniques Artificial intelligence to study the relationship between physical measurements and the accuracy of confronting the fixed kicks of goalkeepers in football. This study will contribute to providing a deeper understanding of physical factors that affect the performance of goalkeepers, in addition to designing dedicated training models and programs that depend on scientific data and the research sample was for specialized school players. For football (12) players. As for the research curriculum, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach, studying correlation relationships, to comprehend them, and the nature of the problem. As for the procedures used, it was through the use of the GPT application and using libraries such as Python and a questionnaire. The search results were the mass 0.004 and the total length 0.001 The length of the arm is 0.001, the width of the shoulders 0.062, and the length of the man 0.061 is moral with the degree of freedom 11 at an error ratio 0.05
As for the conclusions, there is a relationship between physical measurements and the accuracy of confronting high -minded and opposition kicks. The research problem was to study the physical measurements of emerging players and identify their relationship accurately to confront fixed kicks because of its great importance in achieving good results during the match.

The aim of the research is to study the reality of psychological skills among fencing players aged 17 and above for the central and southern regions for the 2022-2023 season. The researchers used the descriptive method (survey method) to suit the nature of the research problem, and the community is represented by the players of Iraq clubs to duel for the central and southern regions for the 2022-2023 season, which number (111) players The researchers used the questionnaire to collect the necessary data to achieve the research goal by building and applying a psychological skills scale aimed at identifying the reality of psychological skills among fencing players, and the most important findings of the researchers were that the reality of psychological skills among fencing players came statistically significant in general, which indicates that fencing players possess some psychological skills (self-confidence, motivation for achievement, concentration of attention) while some skills were not at the required level and did not achieve statistical significance (mental perception, relaxation, coping with anxiety, managing psychological stress) It turns out that fencing players have a weakness in these skills. The researchers recommend preparing special training programs for training in psychological skills by specialists in psychological counseling and guidance or subjecting trainers to courses to train psychological skills.

The research aimed to build a scale of transformational leadership for administrative bodies from the point of view of coaches of Iraqi sports clubs in football, which affects the performance of human resources, and to identify the reality of transformational leadership among the administrative bodies in Iraqi sports clubs, as the problem revolves around identifying the reality of the study variables and for transformational leadership and proposing solutions that would raise the level of performance in Iraqi sports clubs in football. The references and studies related to transformational leadership were reviewed, and the review contained topics related to the research, and the researcher used the descriptive approach in the survey method, and the research community included the coaches of the Iraqi Stars League and Elite clubs for the advanced and youth categories for the sports season (2023-2024), which numbered (325) coaches, including (210) coaches for the advanced category, who constituted a percentage of (65%) of the community, including (115) coaches for the youth category, who constituted a percentage of 35%, and 30 coaches were selected in a simple random manner to be an exploratory sample by 9% of The research community and the selection of 100 trainers in a simple random method to be the sample of building the scale and formed a percentage (31%) and (150) trainers were selected as the sample of the head and constituted (46%).
The most important conclusions were the existence of a moral link between the transformational leadership and the reality of the members of the administrative bodies from the point of view of the coaches of the clubs participating in the Iraqi Stars League and the Iraqi football elite, and the researchers reached the most important recommendations, which is to focus on the development of mental and psychological capabilities and skills and develop them among members of the administrative bodies as the most important pillars of achieving sports achievements.

The problem of the research is that the level of performance of wrestling players is not at the required level, and from the researcher's point of view, he believes that one of the reasons for this is due to the weakness of the player's response speed, since wrestling requires a quick reaction, through which the wrestler's level of skill performance can improve. The research aimed to prepare special exercises and know their effect on the speed of motor response and performance of the snatch skill for wrestling players aged under (16) years old. It was assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the post-tests in both the speed of motor response and the level of performance of the snatch skill. The researcher used the experimental method by designing two equivalent experimental and control groups with a pre-test and post-test, on a sample of wrestling players under (16) years old, numbering (14) players. The variable of response speed and snatch skill in wrestling was tested for the research sample after the completion of the main experiment. After processing the data statistically, the researcher concluded that the exercises prepared by the researcher proved effective in improving the speed of motor response and the snatch skill of the players.

The objective of the research was to develop the response speed of futsal goalkeepers through the use of a random optical device due to the importance of the goalkeepers' response speed in blocking the ball. The lack of response speed in blocking the ball is a problem, in addition to the lack of training of goalkeepers with advanced devices. The experimental method was used by designing the control and experimental groups in a manner that suited the nature of the study problem. The study sample was deliberately selected from some teams of the colleges of the University of Baghdad, numbering 16 futsal goalkeepers, 8 in the experimental group, and 8 in the control group. After conducting the exercises, analyzing, and discussing the results, the researcher concluded that statistically significant differences were found in the post-tests in favor of the experimental group. Through this, the researcher reached some conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which is that the use of the random optical device develops the response speed of futsal goalkeepers. Additionally, the effect of repeated exercises had a positive impact on the performance results.

The importance of the study stands out in identifying the impact of the learning style for mastery in the educational process in general and skill learning in particular, through which learners can reach mastery in performing skills equally by giving the appropriate opportunity to all learners and providing sufficient time to learn the required skills, as well as Learners can be given additional time to enable them to acquire the required skills if the specified time is not sufficient The problem of the research lies in the dependence of some teachers in the process of learning the skills of the game of volleyball, including the skill of crushing hitting, educational methods and methods that do not achieve great benefit from the learning process, which made the educational process a process that moves away in most of its aspects from excitement and suspense. The study aimed to find out the impact of the learning style for the empowerment of those with motor performance difficulties for the students of the second academic year, and to know the effect of the learning style for the empowerment of those with motor performance difficulties in learning the skill of hitting the volleyball for the students of the second school year, and to know the effect preference of the learning style for mastery In learning the skill of crushing hitting the volleyball and the method used between the pre and post tests.The research assumed: that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre and posttests in learning the skill of crushing hitting the volleyball for people with motor performance difficulties for the experimental and control groups, there are statistically significant differences between the results of the tests of the experimental and control groups in learning the skill of crushing hitting the volleyball for students with difficulties Dimensional motor performance. The researcher used the experimental method with the design of equal groups, random selection with pre and posttest, and the study was conducted on second year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Diyala for the academic year 2021/2022, whose number is (40) students, who were divided into two groups, control and experimental. With (20) students per group, the experimental group implemented the method of learning in order to empower those with motor performance difficulties, and the control group implemented the method used in the college, as the experiment included educational units implemented for the period from 3/20/2022 to 4/25/2022 by (8) educational units for the skill of overwhelming multiplication, and the time of one educational unit was (90) minutes.One of the most important conclusions reached by the researcher is that the use of a scale for people with motor performance difficulties for the skill of crushing hitting with volleyball has achieved a positive effect in identifying students who have difficulties in motor performance in the research task.The research recommends the need to introduce the curriculum prepared with the learning method for mastery, which is based on giving additional time invested in providing corrective feedback and explanatory information for basic skills in volleyball to benefit from it in the educational process.

The aim of the research is to influence, using an educational platform, the artistic achievement of some team games, and it adopted experimental users appropriate to the types of research. The research community was determined from the students of the fifth year of middle school at Baghdad Al-Karkh/Second College Secondary School, who numbered (66) students, and two students chose creativity in research from the community itself. Randomization was chosen by drawing a lottery, and (10) students who practiced games and (22) students sensing previous experiences were excluded, and the sample became composed of (34) students. The scale phrases were formulated in its initial form, which numbered (59) phrases, and they were presented to the scientific committee to approve the title of the research, as well as a group of experts, so its phrases were reduced to 40 phrases in its final form, after which the researchers designed the educational platform, then introduced the content for some team games skills, and it became accessible to every student who could The content of the lesson is reviewed through it, and then the scale was applied to the research sample.

The current research aims to identify the role of awareness media campaigns in spreading health awareness and sports culture among students of the College of Sports Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. The researchers used the analytical approach with its steps and procedures through the analysis of previous studies and reference research related to the field of research in order to achieve the objectives of the research. The electronic questionnaire was used. The researchers randomly selected the research sample, which consisted of (503) female students. One of the most important results was that the awareness media campaigns emphasized the nation’s interest in women’s health in general and university students in particular. The media has an effective impact on increasing the health awareness of female students at the College of Sports Sciences and Physical Activity at King Saud University. Media campaigns have a significant impact on improving healthy habits, increasing health awareness, and promoting the concept of prevention. One of the most important recommendations was the need to form a committee to evaluate the awareness messages presented by media campaigns, as well as to use innovative methods in this field. Visual and audio media should commit to the continuity, development and sustainability of awareness media campaigns to spread health awareness and sports culture among the public, and to pay attention to presenting more details. The necessity of paying attention to sports media to familiarize female students with the various sports systems, laws and instructions, focusing on hosting analysts and experts in various health and sports specialties, and distinguished champions and players in various activities and all fields.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Gyro tonic exercises on developing specific strength (speed-strength and strength endurance) and performance achievement in young rowers over a 2000-meter distance. An experimental approach was adopted, applying an 8-week training program to a sample of 8 rowers from the training center in Al-Karkh. The program included Gyro tonic exercises and core stability training to enhance the players' physical and skill performance. The results revealed statistically significant differences between pre- and post-tests in all studied variables, indicating that Gyro tonic training significantly improved muscular strength and performance achievement. The researcher attributes this improvement to the controlled application of training in terms of intensity, volume, and rest periods, which enhanced physical and skill performance. The findings align with previous studies indicating that Gyro tonic exercises improve flexibility, strength, and muscular coordination while enhancing mental and physiological aspects. The results emphasize the importance of incorporating such exercises into rowers' training programs to optimize athletic performance. The researcher recommends using Gyro tonic training to improve rowers' physical and technical performance and conducting further studies on Gyro tonic exercises with different programs and equipment to generalize benefits across other sports.

Researchers and specialists in the fields of educational sciences strive to enhance the academic level of their students. Among the most prominent of these sciences is sports science, which encompasses various specializations, curricula, and theories. This has driven professionals in this field to constantly seek the most effective, shortest, and simplest ways to achieve high-quality outcomes through experimentation and practical application. The aim of this research was to develop specialized exercises based on mechanical principles for diagonal attacks from positions (2) and (4) among third-year volleyball students. The study also aimed to determine whether these exercises are more effective than conventional training in influencing the targeted research variables. The researchers employed an experimental approach involving both a control and an experimental group, using pre- and post-tests. Two specific tests were administered, focusing on diagonal attacking skills from positions (2) and (4). The research sample consisted of 12 third-year students from the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Al-Farahidi University (academic year 2024–2025), who were deliberately selected as top-performing students and divided into two groups (experimental and control), each comprising six students. The SPSS statistical software package was used to analyze the results. After presenting and discussing the results, the study concluded that there was a statistically significant improvement in both groups between the pre- and post-tests. Additionally, a significant difference was found in favor of the experimental group in the post-tests. The researchers recommend the adoption of these exercises due to their significant effectiveness.

The current research aims to develop a scale for psychological shyness and motivation to learn effectively through the long jump, and apply it to first-year female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at al-muthana University. The aim is to identify the correlation between psychological shyness and motivation to learn effectively through the long jump.To achieve this goal, the researcher employed a descriptive approach, along with survey and correlational studies, as they are appropriate for the nature of the research problem.The research population comprised (52) first-year female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at al-muthana University for the academic year (2024-2025).The researcher then developed a scale for psychological shyness based on a scale prepared by Salwa Abdul Mahdi Manhil, consisting of (24) items with three alternatives: (fully applicable, sometimes applicable, and not applicable at all). The total score on the scale ranged from (24-72). The researcher also developed a learning motivation scale based on the scale prepared by Muhammad Jabbar Muhammad Al-Shammari. The scale consists of (27) items with five alternatives: (agree to a great extent, agree to a great extent, agree to a medium extent, agree to a small extent, agree to a very small extent). The total score for the scale ranges from (27-135). The researcher then conducted a pilot study and extracted the scientific foundations for the questionnaires. The two questionnaires were then ready for application. The researcher began implementing the main experiment on Sunday, January 11, 2025. After administering the questionnaires, the researcher was able to obtain the results. She then used the statistical program (SPSS) to analyze the data and obtain the results. Based on this, she concluded that psychological shyness plays an important and effective role in learning motivation towards the long jump, as the results revealed significant correlations.

The study aimed to develop resistance suspension (TRX) exercises to improve certain physical variables and the accuracy of performing the offensive block skill in volleyball. The experimental method was employed on a sample of 20 players from Al-Hussein Sports Club for Volleyball, who were intentionally selected. The sample’s mean height was 171.25 cm with a standard deviation of 5.5 cm, the mean weight was 61.23 kg with a standard deviation of 4.656 kg, and the mean age was 16.88 years with a standard deviation of 0.52 years. Pre-tests were conducted on the sample before implementing the training program, which lasted for eight weeks at a frequency of three training sessions per week. After the program, post-tests were conducted, and data from physical and skill performance tests were collected and analyzed using the SPSS statistical program. The results showed statistically significant differences in all studied variables (arm strength endurance, leg strength endurance, physical-skill performance endurance, and blocking accuracy), with (Sig) values of (0.000, 0.005, 0.000, and 0.000) respectively. The researchers concluded that TRX suspension resistance exercises had a positive impact on the development of physical variables for volleyball players. These exercises also improved the accuracy of performing the offensive block skill, which was attributed to the physical development of the sample, leading to improved performance and better match outcomes. The researchers recommended conducting similar studies on other samples and incorporating TRX exercises in training units due to their effectiveness in developing physical qualities and enhancing the accuracy of the offensive block skill

This research aims to analyze the chaotic behaviour of Iraqi Premier League football players according to the lines of play (defense, midfield, and attack). Chaotic behaviour refers to player actions that may deviate from the expected tactics on the field, affecting team performance. In light of the increasing competition in the Iraqi Premier League, understanding the impact of this behaviour on collective performance is essential to improving the effectiveness of team tactical plans. The research problem lies in the emergence of disorganized behaviour among Iraqi Premier League players, which directly impact team performance. These behaviours vary in their impact depending on the player's position and line of play. The research focuses on determining whether chaotic behaviour supports creativity and changes the flow of play for the better, or whether it leads to team chaos and declining performance. The research sample was selected from Iraqi Premier League players, including players from various lines of play: defence, midfield, and attack. Players were divided according to their positions on the field to analyse their behaviour in matches. The study relied on an analysis of league matches using questionnaires to measure psychological and physical factors associated with disruptive behaviour. The disruptive behaviour were categorized and their impact on the team's tactical plans was determined. The results revealed that chaotic behaviour varied from one line to another. Its negative impact was most evident in defence, where it led to errors and an increase in goals conceded. In midfield, the effect was twofold, as it sometimes facilitated creativity and positive interaction with the game. In attack, chaotic behaviour was beneficial in creating unexpected new scoring opportunities. The study recommends developing training programs that target reducing chaotic behaviour in defence and promoting it in attack in positive ways. It also recommends using continuous analysis of player performance to identify and address unhelpful chaotic patterns, while enhancing the ability to innovate on the field within a controlled tactical framework.

If the first segment includes the introduction and the significance of the research, then there were four sections in all. Given that football relies on physical prowess, talent, and functionality to translate attacks, the researcher briefly discussed the significance of sports training science to the game\'s realism. The significance of the stud in the impact of aerobic workouts focusing on a few skill and physical factors in developing the accuracy of scoring, but the problem of the research lies in the omission of the use of ccording to a precise level, aerobic workouts for certain both physically and technically capabilities in the daily training units impacted their offensive performance deficiency, which is the primary pillar on which the findings are based of the matches are based. The purpose of the study is to determine the effects of anaerobic workouts on certain physical and skill characteristics and to prepare anaerobic exercises on these variables in order to improve the accuracy of scoring young football players. in folding the accuracy of scoring fo During the football game, the researcher used the skill and physical tests. Ten players were assigned to the experimental group, while ten players were assigned to the control group. The investigator employed the statistical r football players in their youth. The human field of study comprised (10/1/202025) until (25/3/202025) The arena of the. student sports club served as the spatial field. The investigation used the experimental approach and the research sample consisted of (20) players from the Student Sports Club for the youth category. bag (spss ) to obtain the outcomes. The study came to the conclusion that aerobic exercises effects on a few skill and physical factors and the influence on the accuracy of scoring provided by the investigator for the youth football players since it has a favorable effect. Therefore, the researcher recommends the interest of the trainers to use aerobic workouts that focus on certain physical and skill variables in their daily instruction curricula that affect the accuracy of scoring the youth football players

The sports culture has an influential and effective role in spreading and consolidating the principles of sports spirit among female students on the one hand, as well as spreading awareness and blocking unwanted behavior and emphasizing their psychological and social compatibility on the other hand. The research problem lies in the researcher's observation of the lack of interest of students in sports culture in addition to sports and their relationship to the performance of certain skills. The basics of rope routine in rhythmic gymnastics Objectives of the research: to prepare a sports culture scale for third-stage female students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad, and to know some basic skills of the rope routine in rhythmic gymnastics. Knowledge of the relationship between sports culture and some basic skills of the rope tool in rhythmic gymnastics for third-stage students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad. In order to determine the objectives of the research, the researcher used the descriptive method using the survey method. The research sample was selected from all the students of the third stage of the society for the research necessities and divided into the following: (10) a student for the survey sample and (80) for the construction and application sample. (26) The researcher prepared the Sports Culture Scale, using several statistical procedures as well as measuring some rope skills, then used several statistical means to obtain the results, through which she concluded the sample was distinguished by sports culture through the results of the scale. Students of the third stage at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad, have an average performance of some rope skills. Sports culture plays a positive role in the performance of some rope skills in rhythmic gymnastics. They also recommended that the scale should be adopted for third-stage students as well as other stages. Continue to encourage students to exchange knowledge among themselves, especially those that are new.

The current study aimed to know the reality of organizational laxity among school principals and its reflection on physical education teachers and the correlation between them, on a sample of physical education teachers in middle and preparatory schools affiliated with the Dhi Qar Education Directorate, numbering (200) teachers, who were randomly distributed into three samples (exploratory experiment (14), construction (123), application (63)), using the descriptive analytical approach and correlational relationships, through building and applying the organizational laxity scale consisting of three areas (laziness at work, alienation commitment, job frustration) distributed over (19) phrases, and the professional affiliation scale consisting of three areas (professional loyalty, continuity at work, job commitment) distributed over (17) phrases, and the results were processed through the statistical system (spss), and the most important conclusions were that the existence of organizational laxity among school principals shows limited practices that weaken administrative support for sports activities, which contributes to accumulations that affect the sustainability of the effective application of the sports curriculum. School principals' greater emphasis on academics than on sports indicates lax administrative control over coordination and the full implementation of educational curricula throughout the school year. The study recommended that administrative oversight be activated by the Educational Supervision Directorate to continuously monitor physical education lessons. School principals should also pay attention to the psychological and professional conditions of physical education teachers to maintain their commitment to their profession.

This research aimed to determine the role of some mechanical variables for the first and second place at the Olympic level and world champions, it can be said that there is a preference for some mechanical variables for the achievement of the high jump, and the research sample was the Arab champions in the advanced category of high jump in the Arab championship on 6/22/2021-16 in Tunisia (Rades Stadium). I used the descriptive method because it suits the nature of the research issue. He used five cameras in different directions and analyzed the attempt (2.16) meters for each vaulter and compared the best vaulters (Hussein Falah and Hamdi Ali) in the mechanical variables of the activity of the three free limbs and compared the reason for the success of the jump, he used five cameras installed on a tripod surrounding the player from all directions and all cameras are at the speed of (120) images / second to fit it with the speed of performance. He reached conclusions where the player (Hussein Falah) relies more on physical abilities than technique, if the technique had been corrected, he would have been able to take advantage of the lost height above the crossbar and break the Iraqi record. The player (Hamdi Ali) relies on technique and physical measurements that give an advantage to the player Hamdi in crossing the bar on the first attempt. We can recommend developing the technique to a height higher than 2.19, which was successfully jumped by Hussein Falah to identify and improve weaknesses, whether physical or skill, and conduct tests at intervals and provide effective specialized coaches who are professionals in the high jump.