Diyala Journal of Human Research

Western feminists have exerted the power they have owned from their position in passive discourses to cast third world women as silent victims who need the aid of their western sisters. Framing third world women in a category of analysis as oppressed, subjugated, helpless, pawn, dependent, and savage have evoked many non-western writers to enhance the real image of women relying upon their diverse experiences and resistance to the gendered oppression of female and creating empowered examples of women in their literary works. Mohja Kahf, the Syrian-American writer, sets a different portrayal of third world women, emphasizing their hardships, contributions, ordeals, and struggle to survive and prove their potentials. This study aims to show how Kahf challenges the western thoughts and stereotypical images, drawing on transnational feminist theory as a radical theoretical framework to expose and delineate the west hegemonic practices, transcending the nation-state limits, and address the inequalities worldwide. The research plan was based on an introduction, a preamble, three demands and a conclusion; The title of the introduction was: A brief summary of the term grammatical breadth. The first demand: the deletion of the verb is obligatory. The second demand: the deletion of the verb is permissible. And the third demand: the deletion of the verb to indicate a grammatical style. Finally, the conclusion, which included the most important results of the research.

The research demonstrates the impact of proficiency on how English loanwords are pronounced in Iraqi Arabic. The descriptions of the phrases "degree of education" and "loanwords" are also provided. The research's forty participants provided the data for it (20 educated and 20 un-educated). Information gathered through the use of an individual interview technique, which involved speaking with the participants and asking them to complete a demographic questionnaire. To elicit the targeted pronunciation of the words in which phonological processes were anticipated to take place, a picture naming task was used. They comprised vowel and consonant changes, deletion, and r-insertion. The findings demonstrated that, educated group used vowel change the least and uneducated group used deletion the least, while /r/ insertion the most.

The current Covid-19 crisis has caused a lot of effects in our everyday life including language which is one of the first that reflects the events taking place throughout the world.
Due to the fact that the majority of Covid-19 linguistic effects are achieved through language used in media discourse. The current study is devoted to recognize the morphological levels of stylistic analysis of Covid-19 terminology in the English mass media content. The study is based on the hypotheses that Covid-19 pandemic is a fertile environment for linguistic innovation. In order to achieve this task, this study has employed the descriptive method of research and has used the stylistic analysis as a research instrument. Findings of this study reveals that there are several new English words created during Covid-19 crisis through different word-formation processes.

This study examines the feminist perspective that Nadine Gordi-mer took in depicting the character of Julie Summers in her novel The Pickup. In the following research, a textual analysis of the aforementioned novel is presented in an effort to bring attention to the conflict that exists between society and the feminine indi-vidual. Gordimer places Julie in a position in The Pickup where she is forced to make a choice between doing what she wants and living up to the expectations of society for women. Because she is a female protagonist living in a patriarchal culture, Julie is re-quired to plot out the path of her life in order to be successful in overcoming a number of challenges. In a nutshell, Gordimer's feminist approach will be evaluated in terms of her capacity to interweave the social and cultural circumstances prevailing in the two distinct communities in which the protagonist resides with the protagonist's capacity to overcome all obstacles in order to alter the stereotypical image of women in both communities. This evaluation will
take place in terms of Gordimer's ability to interweave the social and cultural circumstances prevailing in the two distinct commu-nities in which the protagonist resides. Julie's resistance to being governed by the traditional codes that govern her South African community is another topic that is investigated in this study. An-other topic that is investigated is Julie's desire to adapt to the culture and religion of her lover's community, which is located in a distant nation. When the main female character, represented here by Julie, makes the decision to live a life that is noncon-formist to the prevalent societal and cultural norms regarding marriage and motherhood, the purpose of this study is also to investigate the various forces that may conspire against the par-ticular female character in question. In addition to this, the pur-pose of the study is to determine Gordimer's viewpoint on the predicament faced by the contemporary African woman as a direct result of her defiance of the conventional cultural and social norms. In this instance, Julie is a model for subverting the tradi-tional image of a woman who is capable of beginning significant societal change. Julie is a model for subverting the traditional

The current study aimed to investigate the problems of teach-ing English in Iraqi public schools for the intermediate stage in Baghdad city from the perspective of English language teachers. In other words, this study attempted to determine the reasons behind the failure of teaching of English language and to identify the most important treatments and suggestions for these problems. A selective sample of 50 teachers was pur-posefully chosen by the researcher to complete the question-naire in order to achieve the objectives of the study in Al-Ajyal Intermediate School in Baghdad during the second se-mester of the academic year 2021/2022. Those teachers repre-sent a variety of age groups, genders, educational back-grounds, and teaching experiences. Open interviews and questionnaire were used as data collection methods. The re-sults indicated that there are many problems in teaching Eng-lish in the public schools of Baghdad. These problems can be divided into two groups: First, problems related to the teach-ers themselves in terms of knowledge, experience, and atti-tudes, such as the need for training teachers repeatedly and the misuse of the mother language (Arabic) as a medium of instruction. Second, the problems related to the teaching and learning environment (the unsafe environment resulting from the unsafe situation in Iraq) and resources (libraries, teaching aids, supporting materials, and audio-visual teaching equipment) that are not available in public schools. Respond-ents suggested some ways and solutions to deal with these problems, for example, offering pre-service and in-service training programs for English language teachers. The study suggested some fruitful suggestions. Recommendations are provided at the end of the study.

Franz Kafka’s novel The Trial is a psychological exploration of the human condition. Through the protagonist, Josef K., Kafka examines the power of the truth and its ability to both liberate and imprison us. The novel follows Josef as he is arrested for an unknown crime and embarks on a journey to discover the truth behind his arrest. Along the way, he encounters a variety of characters, from lawyers to court officials, who represent different aspects of his psyche, from his innermost fears to his deepest desires. Through these characters, Kafka reveals how the internal struggles can prevent us from discovering the truth. He also shows how our attempts to uncover the truth can lead to more confusion and despair. Kafka suggests that truth is an elusive concept that can never be fully grasped or understood. By exploring this theme through Josef’s journey, Kafka offers readers a powerful psychological reading of The Trial that speaks to the struggles with understanding ourselves and our world

This study is an attempt to investigate the effect of the repetition method on the cognitive chunking to create semantic networks and the relation between them, and how can this reflect on enhancing slow learners' abilities. The cognitive chunking model depends on Miller's (1956) , while the semantic networks model for analysis the linguistic units relies on Traxler (2012) who basically depends on the work of (Collins & Loftus, 1975; Collins & Quillian, 1972; Rips, Shoben & Smith, 1973; Smith, Shoben, & Rips, 1974) who deal with linguistic texts from an artificial intelligence point of view. The previous models have been used because they are closely related to the processes of storage, production and mental retrieval of conceptual data that comes from the inputs. This will help us to understand how repetition can participate in creating language units that can be activated to create other linguistic units. To achieve the aim of the study, two types of procedures have been followed: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part consists of presenting a brief theoretical framework of cognitive chunking according to Miller (1956), and the semantic network model relies on Traxler (2012) who basically depends on the work of (Collins & Loftus, 1975; Collins & Quillian, 1972; Rips, Shoben & Smith, 1973; Smith, Shoben, & Rips, 1974). On other hand, the paper will also give a theoretical framework for the cognitive slow learning syndrome. The practical part consists of analysing linguistic units from English for Iraq 2nd Primary Book, unit three, lesson 3(Here's my house) pages 26-27 depending on the semantic network model.
The study shows that repeatation method plays essential role in cognitive chunking and semantic networks which can clearly contribute to raising the level of learning for those who suffer from cognitive slow learning and thus increase the input sum over time. Over time this can contribute to the development of other conceptual mechanisms that depend on stored input data and, thus help to reach the threshold of knowledge and creativity explosion.

Distance education is becoming more and more popular in higher stages of education in Iraq and it is increasingly preferred by the students from all age groups. In order to provide quality education, ministry of education and higher education institutions should be aware of students’ needs and expectations and, on this basis, to search for effective strategies and solutions

Communication is natural to the species of human beings. Language is used for expressing and sharing ideas, beliefs and thoughts. A lot of interaction goes on in natural conversational situations. Hence, language has to be used very carefully. In order to maintain smooth communication flow and good relationships, it is necessary to be polite while conversing. However, the concept and strategies of politeness are dif-ferent in different cultures and also vary from individual to another. Learners from one lan-guage community fail to understand the idea of politeness while learning a second or foreign language. In this study, the researchers have analysed natural conversational extracts of fourteen Iraqi college students majoring in English, which they study as a foreign language and tried to conclude the reasons why they are confused while using the politeness principle in English. The study concluded with some suggestions to teachers of English at Iraqi colleges departments majoring in English and syllabus designers at the Iraqi ministry of higher education.

The study aimed to assess EFL learners’ ability to use grammatical cohesive devices, to identify the types of grammatical cohesive devices which are frequently used in EFL learners’ descriptive essays, to find out the problematic areas related to grammatical cohesion in Iraqi EFL learners' essays, and to sug-gest appropriate strategies for enhancing learning abilities to use cohesive devices. The study followed the descriptive analytical method. Two tools were used as a means of data collection; a questionnaire and a test were distributed and administrated among (50) students from Iraqia university. The collected data were analyzed statistically by using the Statisti-cal Packages for Social Sciences Programmer (SPSS). The study comes up with many results, the important of which are: the majority of Iraqi EFL learners are not able to use English Grammatical cohesive devices in their English essay, students have no ability to use cohesive devices such as conse-quently, to sum, theirs, you, yours, students lack the ability of receiving instruction on how to use or in-terpret ellipsis and substitution devices. The study recommends the followings, the important of which are: there should be more exposure to cohesive de-vices through many texts and sources, students can improve their writing by practicing more exercises at home, students should be aware of the functions of grammatical devices, and learners should have a time table for learning grammatical cohesive devices .