AL-AMEED JOURNAL

The greatness of the Quran have surpassed the greatness
of all other heavenly books and one of the secrets of this book
is the truthfulness and realism of the rulings it came with, and
Quran enemies never take rest to show opposition to the Qu٢
ran from its descent until now.
So Al١Waleed bin Al١Mughirah and his followers searched
for faults in Quran at that time for the purpose of degrading
its value, then a group of Western researchers, who are called
orientalists, followed them through their intellectual, political
and economic mechanisms.
In this research, there is a brief definition of orientalists
and the characteristics of their writings, and the suspicion
they raised towards some family Quranic rulings the issue of
women inheritance. The research study tried to remove this
suspicion through the multiple evidence; one of the most im٢
portant results produced by this research is that the weaken١
ing system is due to the constitutive reasoning of the nature
of the woman with whom she was created, there are some
situations in which a woman inherits more than a man, and
in other situations it is equal in addition to the foregoing, if
the woman is not charged with what the man is charged with:
dowry, alimony, and payment of blood money to the wise.

The semiotics of narration in the Glorious Quran is one of
the important communicative topics in general linguistics, and
this research is an attempt to study some models of Quranic
texts that are distinguished by this topic greatly. The research
came up with issues that stand on a semiotic analysis of some
Quranic texts and the levels of storytelling style in them, and
to identify the most important levels of this narration, such as
the link between utterances. The significance in these texts
represented semiotic signs intended to reach the true mean٢
ing, so there were many levels and axes in this narration of the
Quranic text.
In the story of the cave, it is found that the narration of
the semi٢narrative is a complex story dominated by a deeply
narrative character, as it narrates four stories:
A ٢ The story of the Companions of the Cave: It is a semiotic
reference to the name of the surah, as Surat Al١Kahf includes
a communicative narrative story between the name of the
surah and its content
B ١ The story of the owner of the two gardens
C١ The story of Musa and Al١Khidr )peace be upon them(
D١The story of Dhul١Qarnayn
Since the reasons for revelation have a clear importance in
the storytelling of its manifold relationships with different his٢
torical eras and their interaction with the events and course
of life, the research showed the reason for the revelation of
Surat Al١Kahf.

The modernist trend in reading the Qur’anic text is one of
the contemporary trends achieving a presence in the Arab and
Islamic arena, those who are concerned in the circle of this
trend: like Muhammad Arkoun, Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid, Fadl Rah١
man Malik, Abd al٢Majid al٢Sharafi, and Sadiq Belaid and others
call to start reconsidering the study of the Quranic text with a
new vision and approach in their general contents. So they at١
tempt to transcend the traditional readings with the text and
relying on a “scientific“ reading that takes its origins and refer٢
ences from the gains and methods of modern Western sciences.
The research study seeks to reveal the cognitive and ideo٢
logical implications theses of this trend carry in the circle of
its concern with the Quranic text and that is one of its ways
to stop at two main paths. The first begins with analyzing
the theoretical foundations on which the trend of modernist
reading of the Quranic text is based. The second is to choose
a “model“ reflected in reading Quranic text. This model was
represented by the approaches presented by Abdul Majeed
Al٢Sharafi whether in terms of his reading of Islamic religious
discourse and thought in general, or his reading of the dimen١
sions and contents of the Quranic text in particular

Colonialism never leaves a place without being ex١
pelled by force, or lays an intractable problem that
provokes strife and disputes between the independent
states. Starting with the British colonialism, which left
Kashmir a disputed area between India and Pakistan,
the dispute is renewed every time. The Spanish colo٢
nialism left the desert region as a region of conflict be٢
tween the countries around it. The importance of this
region increased after the discovery of its wealth as well
as the close of the Atlantic Ocean, and it turned from a
desert area into a strategic area that all the surrounding
countries aspire to acquire. Such was the seed of many
conflicts and disputes in the region, as well as the frag٢
mentation of the region due to these conflicts so it was
a reason for the political estrangement between Mo٢
rocco and Algeria, and a reason for foreign interference
in the region.

The current research study focuses on the use of a Mun١
sell’s atlas to determine the soil colors in Karbala Governorate
the. The atlas is one of the good means in detecting soil colors
and classifying them according to the color of the soil. Mun١
sell’s atlas is a color space that defines a color scale based on
three types. The rise of this system began in 1898 AD and then
it was published in its final form in the year 1905 AD. The color
consists of three factors:
1١The colors of the solar spectrum working in the forma١
tion of the color is used by mixing or independence, and this
phenomenon is known as Hue.
2١The intensity of the colors of the elements of the solar
spectrum is called the Value, and the reference here is to the
degree of darkness.
3٢The amount of impurities expressed in the percentage of
purity is called Chroma.
The researcher distributed the samples to Munsell’s atlas to
get acquainted with their numerical values and their types. The
results of the researcher show that the soils of the study area
are located within the page )10 YR(. The page )7.5 YR( also in١
cluded some of the soil samples in addition to the page )5 YR).

The research was conducted in Iraq / University of
Babylon and aimed to identify the effect of programming
interactive awareness strategy on literary interaction
among students of the Arabic language department in
the College of Basic Education. The researcher followed
the experimental method and relied on an experimental
design with partial control: the design of the experimen٢
tal and control groups with a post١test. The researcher
randomly chose a sample of )110( male and female stu١
dents from the first٢grade students divided into two di٢
visions at the College of Basic Education / University of
Babylon the researcher balanced between the students
of the two research groups in some variables. The re١
searcher prepared the research tool, a test that measures
the students’ ability in literary interaction. It included, 20
multiple٢choice items, and four essay questions.
In light of the results of the research, the researcher
concluded and recommended a number of recommen١
dations and suggestions.

Sayyid al١Hakim, may Allah have mercy on him, consid١
ered his benevolent cultural project objective as one of
the elements to be available for a comparative research٢
er. So he is to abide by the results of the comparison,
whether they are in agreement with his intellectual pre١
dispositions or if they are contrary to them. The author
was interested in laying the correct foundations for com٢
parative jurisprudence, and was interested in knowing
the reasons for the differences of scholars in the branch٢
es of jurisprudence in addition to being an author, he
gave enough space to identify the general mechanisms
of deduction on which the work of the fundamentalist is
based, may Allah have mercy on him, the core attention
is nothing but the control and development of scientific
and practical fields in the principles of comparative juris٢
prudence with his scientific experience, he was able to
make in it a comprehensiveness of the various schools,
investing the scientific goals in removing the emotional
curricula in contributing to the treatments of the most
important issues of thought, especially those related to
the most complex tasks. His concern was to activate the
fields of intellectual cross٢fertilization with all his ener٢
gies, using the elements of brotherhood and intellectual
rooting of the Prophet's house.

The pragmatic term is the cornerstone in the forma٢
tion of knowledge and human culture because of his
prominent role in the process of communication be٢
tween the people of the same country in terms of the
language of speech used by them on the one hand and
the other countries on the second hand where most peo١
ple depend in the communicative process on the prag٢
matic basis of language, which sometimes makes them
deviate from the literal meaning of the word and we see
this especially in our daily rhetorical dealings. It relies on
pragmatic meanings that represent an intellectual and
moral foundation and foundation in human societies.
Clarifying this by focusing on some of the basic concepts
of the deliberative implications playing an important role
in revealing the meaning of the speaker and clarifying
his speech and because it has a close relationship in cre٢
ating the communicative process between the speaker
and the receiver and seeking to clarify these concepts
through an applied approach to the authentic Arabic text
represented by the words of Imam Al١Hassan )peace be
upon him). It also seeks to find the roots of the pragmat٢
ic contents in the Arab heritage through some formulas
that perform the same function, or include them.

In this paper, it is to clarify the linguistic criticism of
the Samurai through some linguistic texts mentioned
in his From the Arabic Capacity. Before beginning with
the core of the topic, it is to define the criticism of the
Arabs as a language and terminology, and after that we
touched on the life of Dr. Ibrahim Al١Samarrai, which is
full of many Arabic linguistic sciences. His criticism of
the Arab scholars is the same as Kibawayh and Al١Anbari
from the old and Dr. Mustafa Jawad from the modern١
ists, perhaps the reader wonders why we chose to study
those who were criticized by the Samurai, since it seems
to me that the criticism of Samarrai is a criticism of topics
in which he had a special opinion, which led him to fol١
low it with these and other ancient and moderns.
His criticism of some Arabic texts was different be٢
tween intensity and inactivity. Dr. Al٢Samarrai relied on
the descriptive method in analyzing the text, because he
wanted to show his personality through his many and
varied books. So he did not resort to retiring the old rules
after the language as a living being that evolves with the
development of human thought, indicating that the old
rules are difficult to understand by contemporaries; So
he resorted to simplifying the grammar

To argue effectively and influence the opponent in any
argumentative discourse, the speaker needs to introduce
commonplace statements that made the opponent accept
them with no disinclination and hesitation. Such statements
are recognized as Topos or topics, as the modern translator
use. Topos mostly accompanies repetition and some oth٢
er figures of speech that are prominent tools in any chal٢
lenging speech; the religious one. The present paper is an
attempt to explore the impact topos has on the discourse
of the Glorious Quran It aims to detect some sorts of topos
displayed together with figures of speech, show how their
survival has a vital role in creating a persuasive and success٢
ful argument, and finally trace the influence they have on
the interpretation of such discourse. Based on Aristotles’
categories of topos, Rygiel )1994) model of repetition, and
Tafsir Al٢Mizan for Al٢ Tabtabai, the concept of topos is illu٢
minated with reference to some verses from the Glorious
Quran. The researcher concludes that Aristotle’s categories
of topos are applicable to the Glorious Quran and most٢
ly accompany repetition, in addition to some other figures
of speech such as metaphor, personification, and rhetori٢
cal question. Such a blend of the two topos and figures of
speech help the speaker to defend, clarify, justify, and sup٢
port his/ her argument to the extent that it leads the op١
ponents to be extremely confident and persuaded with the
argument even if they entirely believe in an opposing view

Critical discourse analysis is a modern transdisci٢
plinary approach which integrates both linguistic analysis
)micro level( and social analysis )macro level(. Its main
concern is to provide answers to questions about the re٢
lation between language and society.
The current paper is a critical discourse analysis of
Prophet's Muhammad )Peace be upon him) ideology in
his Sermon to Al١Imam Ali )Peace be upon him(. It aims
to investigate the lexical, structural, and ideological strat٢
egies employed in the sermon by adapting Fairclough's
(1989) model.

It is well known to many critics that Nathaniel Haw٢
thorne’s writings are often inspired by his life and the
events and concepts he went through, and The House of
the Seven Gables is of course not exempt from this rule.
The idea of the novel is built on events and news that the
writer heard about his upper class ancestors and their
racist view towards the lower classes.
The character of the dictator and the oppressor in the
novel is well embodied in the personality of Colonel Pyn١
cheon.. infact the Colonel reflects the thoughts and beliefs
of Hawthorne’s ancestors, who were known for their arro١
gance, injustice and tyranny with poor and simple people.
It is clear that Hawthorne’s comments in the novel are
mostly about the idea of the class inequality that ruled
society at the time, and his rejection to that backward
aristocratic mentality.
The research discusses the idea of class distinction
embodied by the characters of the novel with the idea
that this differentiation can be ended and become a thing
of the past if the new generations feel love and respect
towards each other as this is embodied in characters of
Holgrave and Phoebe.