Journal of Medical and Industrial Plant Sciences

The field experiment was carried out in the Al-Muhalabiya region, which is roughly 45 kilometers west of Mosul, Iraq, during the 2023–2024 growing season. It used a factorial arrangement with two factors: (1) two tillage systems, Zero Tillage (ZT) and Conventional Tillage (CT); and (2) two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Ozkan and Dinka, which were sown at a consistent seeding rate of 100 kg•ha⁻¹. The goal was to assess how important morphological and yield-related traits were affected by cultivar type and tillage system in rainfed environments. Results of agronomic characteristics, such as biological yield (BY), plant height (PL), number of grains per spike (NGS), 1000-grain weight (1000GW), and grain yield (GY), the results showed that the Ozkan cultivar performed noticeably better than Dinka. Ozkan demonstrated superior genetic potential and adaptation to conservation tillage by recording the highest biological yield (701.67 g•m⁻²) and grain yield (355.00 g•m⁻²) under ZT. In addition, ZT significantly reduced the weed plant density (WPD) to 0.5 plants•m⁻² as opposed to 3.17 plants•m⁻² under CT. Notable agronomic benefits included increased tiller number (NT), spike number (NS), and grain number per spike (NGS). The interaction between cultivar and tillage system was especially significant: while Ozkan maintained more consistent yield traits across both tillage systems, indicating higher genetic resilience, Dinka achieved total weed suppression under ZT. Furthermore, a highly significant and positive correlation (r = 0.990) was found between plant height and grain yield, suggesting a close relationship between vegetative vigor and yield performance. These results underline how crucial it is to match cultivar selection with suitable tillage techniques and encourage the use of Zero Tillage as a resource-efficient, sustainable approach, especially when combined with productive cultivars like Ozkan.

A field experiment was conducted on Zea mays during the autumn agricultural season on July 22, 2024, in Al-Hawija District, Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D). The highest results for plant height (cm) were recorded in the 93x15 planting system, reaching 249.56 cm. Regarding irrigation systems, the fixed partial irrigation system recorded the highest height (253.89 cm). The effect of the planting systems on leaf area (cm2) was evident, with the highest average for the trait reaching 5684.5 cm2 when planting with the 93x15 planting system. As for irrigation systems in this trait, the highest average was recorded in the alternating partial irrigation system, which amounted to (5668.0) cm2. The number of ear rows in the cultivation systems at a distance of (140x10) amounted to (17.00). As for irrigation systems in this trait, the fixed partial irrigation recorded the highest average with a non-significant difference of (17.22). The alternating partial irrigation system also outperformed with a non-significant difference for the number of grains per row in irrigation systems, which amounted to (35.78). As for the average of 300 grains (g) for the effect of cultivation systems, the cultivation system (93x15) cm recorded the highest average of (64.84) g, while the effect of irrigation systems was significant in the average of the trait, as the fixed irrigation system outperformed, which amounted to (70.57) g. The number of grains per ear was recorded in the agricultural systems in the area (140x10) amounting to (582.00), and the alternate partial irrigation system was superior in the irrigation systems amounting to (600.67). The biological yield kg ha -1 showed the average of the agricultural systems and the highest average was in the agricultural system (140x10) amounting to (15453.3) kg ha, while the effect of irrigation systems for this trait was significant as the fixed partial irrigation system was superior with an average of (18753.1) kg ha. While the average grain yield per individual plant g. plant -1 for the agricultural systems did not record significant differences as the distance (93x15) recorded (121.82), while the average of irrigation systems for this trait as the fixed irrigation system was significantly superior amounting to (126.72) g.

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L) is an important medicinal and ornamental flower plant. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of GA3 and β-CD on lavender growth and oil content under our regional conditions. Field experiment was conducted through 12/3 to 27/12/2024 at the Grdarasha research center field, Ministry of Agriculture and water resources, Kurdistan region-Iraq. The experiment was laid out in Randomize Completely Block Design replicated three, included effect of GA3 (0, 150 ,300. 450 mg.l-1) and β-CD (0 , 1.5 , 3.0 , 4.5 mg.l-1 ) on growth , flowers oil content of (Lavandula angustifolia L. cv. Hemus) .Regarding GA3 treatment, the results showed that the highest number of branches.plant-1(43.25%) was observed from 300mg.l-1, number of flower.plant-1 (513.11) measured 450mg.l-1 and highest oil content per 50g dry weight of flowers (0.51ml) measured from 450 mg.l-1. However, β-CD caused highest plant height and number of branches. plant-1 (45.96 and 45.43 % respectively) in 4.5 mg.l-1. Best result of oil content (0.55ml) was obtained from 450mg.l-1 GA3 and 4.5 mg. L-1 β-CD combination treatment.

This study investigated how sowing date and substitutive intercropping ratios affect the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays) in two distinct agroecological regions of Iraq: Qushtappa and Ankawa which are located around 29 km apart, with Ankawa situated to the northwest of Erbil city and Qushtappa positioned to the southeast. Two sowing dates (15 July and 1 August) and five intercropping treatments (pure corn and 1:4 to 4:1 ratio of mungbean to corn) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design. Significant effects were found for plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and nodes, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index. The highest biological yield (16.78 t ha⁻¹) and grain yield (8.62 t ha⁻¹) were obtained in Ankawa on 15 July under the 2V:3C intercropping system. Conversely, pure corn yielded the highest harvest index (51.28%) under late sowing. The 2V:3C ratio demonstrated optimal balance between vegetative and reproductive growth. These results suggest that careful adjustment of planting date and crop ratio, tailored to site conditions, can enhance maize productivity in semi-arid regions.

A study was carried out at the Scientific Research Center of Erbil Polytechnic University in Erbil city during the fall of 2024. Three parameters were included in the experiment, which used a completely randomized design (CRD): zinc concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3 g l⁻¹), seed soaking times (0, 6, 9, and 12 hours), and black seed varieties (Russian, Syrian, and Locally). In terms of germination percentage, germination speed, root length, shoot length, root and shoot dry weight, the Syrian variety treated with 2 g l⁻¹ zinc had the greatest results. Syrian seeds immersed for 12 hours produced the best outcomes, indicating a strong interaction between seed variety and soaking period. The best results were obtained after soaking with 2 g l⁻¹ zinc for 12 hours, according to the relationship between zinc concentration and soaking period. The Syrian variety produced the highest values for germination %, germination speed, root length, shoot length, and dry weights of both the root and the shoot after being soaked for 12 hours and treated with 2 g l⁻¹ zinc. However, the Russian variety treated with 2 g l⁻¹ zinc and immersed for 12 hours showed the highest fresh root and shoot weights. However, the Russian variety treated with 2 g l⁻¹ zinc and immersed for 12 hours showed the highest fresh root and shoot weights. It\\'s interesting to note that the Syrian variety had the highest seedling value at 1 g l⁻¹ zinc with soaking duration (12 hours).