AL-AMEED JOURNAL

To study "resolution" is considered as one of the important
topics in legal rules of the faqah fundamentals
science, less researched at the level of fundamentalist
studies at the present time. Although it is one of the subjects
on which the legal rules are based, as the resolution
of the fundamentalists comes in line with the meaning
of deciding something. For the resolution there are two
types, one of them is methodological: it is to expose the
reality in the view of the resolution doer, and the other
is objective: it is a part of the decision. The difference
between them is that the resolved issue that is decided
methodologically is attached to all its mental, legal and
customary effects t, while the objective resolution could
be considered a subject or a condition in a case

The philosophy of history is a science concerned with the
developments and changes that transform a society from one
stage to another and with the laws that govern these changes.
Professor Mortadha Motahhari focuses on the society as
an introduction to fully study the philosophy of history. Both
the society and the individual are fundamental in the Qur’anic
perspective. Society also has its own laws and regulations. This
does not imply that individuals are forced to abide by these
laws. Since human beings are one kind, human societies are
also one kind as a result of the innate nature, al-fitrah. The
movement of history falls under the laws of ‘cause and effect’
and moves towards evolution and development. In addition,
it does not contradict human freedom. In contrast to the existing
theories of the philosophy of history, Professor Motahhari
believes that the divine innate nature, al-fitrah, of human is
combined with the substantial motion, al-harakah al-jawhariyyah,
that is the fundamental basis of the personality of the
individual whose evolution depends on various factors in the
environment the individual resides. The key drivers of this evolution
is the set of individual characteristics including the ability
to express knowledge in writing and rhetoric, the preservation
of experiences, cognitive and creative ability, subjective
tendency and the innate nature of creativity and innovation.
Unlike much of the views, the future of mankind and history
as suggested by Mutahhari promote optimism, spirituality and
Islamic governance that count on the innate nature, al-fitrah.

As a scholar and a religious leader seid. Ali Naqi Al-Haydari
is one of the pioneers of Baghdad scholars and among the first
generation of Shiite thinkers and pillars in the field of public
reform. He worked very hard and did his utmost in the path of
serving Islam by preaching, guiding and instructing people. In
this field he has a long history, but his efforts, jihad in writing,
as an author were manifested in his products: Al-Wasi, guardian,
is of research and investigation of the imamate in the light
of both reason and transmission.
With its descriptive and analytical approach, this study
aims to shed light on the life of these great scholastic and scientific
efforts, in particular in Al-Wasi. Seid. Ali Naqi Al-Haydari
inferred the necessity of appointing a successor, vicegerent,
for every prophet with rational proofs. Hence, he proved with
few glimpses that every time has a successor following the
noble Messenger who is the seal of the prophets.
After that, he narrated to the reader, through the transmission,
some of the reports from the prophet, narrated by
Muslim scholars from the various four schools of thought; the
scholars of the Sunnah, famous authors and their trustworthy
ones, so that this would be more informative in establishing
and illuminating the argument, and supporting the facts with
documents.

It is a crystal clear difference between the books in the
East and the West due to the political and religious conditions
and the place and time distance from the original
religious centers in the East. As there are several factors
: first , there is a political freedom the westerners enjoyed
much more than the easterners do and live in the
neighborhood or near the house of the caliphate. However,
most of them made serious mistakes, benefit nothing
from the political freedom, openness and translation, but
were closer to fanaticism. Secondly , the westerners were
receivers of the easterners , complemented their knowledge
and make use of the heritage of the easterners : taking
ideas, fragmenting and analyzing them, so their books
were larger and broader than the easterners , the originators
, which is the result of the accumulation of knowledge
of the easterners and its transmission to the westerners.
Thirdly, the regional perspective they maintain as there
are closeness and cultural exchange with Greek philosophy
and heritage. Such sets them to observe new ideas
alien to them and not to scrutinize the wheat from the
chaff in the obit of the Islamic knowledge.
Although the westerners and Andalusians in particular

It is clear that Sayyid Ali al-Husseini al-Sistani, My Allah prolong
his life, had a scientific upbringing; being He comes from
a family interested in science and scholars. He received his primary
education in his holy hometown of Mashhad, and then
migrated to the holy city of Qom to continue lessons and educational
progress then went to the holy city of Najaf. This is
due to the presence of great thinkers in the Hawza thought,
such as: Sayyid Al-Khoei and Sheikh Hussein Al-Hilli. He learnt
from their sciences until he awarded the degree of absolute Ijtihad,
the permission of Ijtihad, at the blessed age of thirty-one.
He ascended the lesson pulpit in the scientific hawza for a long
time to endure the cruelest kinds of injustice and oppression
in particular when the Iran-Iraq war was waged and the acts
of deportation included scholars and scientific hawza students
. He was about to deported for several times. After Sha`aban
insurrection was oppressed by the authority, he was arrested.
After the death of Sayyid Al-Khoei, he became the supreme
religious authority of the Shiite sect, so he organized
the affairs of the seminaries and cared for students during his
period of religious authority which was very complicated by
the presence of the most powerful regime controlling Iraq with
iron and fire. By his sapience and strategies he kept such a
scientific edifice safe even after the fall of the abhorrent Saddamist
regime. Then another phase began to target Iraqi society
with all its fabrics national, religious, sectarian and ethnic
under the American occupation, when the will of evil exploded
Husseini mourning processions, mosques, holy shrines and
popular markets, aiming to ignite an unabated civil war , so the
occupier could stay longer in this bleeding country . Here his
Eminence seid. Sistani confronted all these ominous plans with
wisdom as a merciful father and as a veteran politician . A number
of statements led to quell the sedition , achieve fraternity
between the various components of this people and abort the
American goals in establishing a constitution for the country
and in forming governments in line with its aspirations.

The current research aims to identify the role of kindergartens
in promoting the culture of peaceful coexistence
among kindergarten children from the point of
view of kindergarten teachers. The research adopted the
descriptive methodology, and the research community
consists of (273) teachers in government kindergartens
in the Directorate General of Education Baghdad Karkh
II for the academic year (2019-2020), while the research
was appointed by (160) teachers, To achieve the goal of
the research, the researcher built a questionnaire comprising
(47) paragraphs spread over three areas (interactive
experience unit curriculum, educational activities,
and teacher) and five alternatives to the answer are
(very large, large, medium, low, very low) and weights (1,
2,3,4,5) respectively, the research found that kindergartens
play a major role in promoting the culture of peaceful
coexistence of kindergarten children from the point of
view of kindergarten teachers, related to the areas of the
role of the teacher, the role of educational activities and
the role of the interactive experience unit curriculum, If
each of the areas (the role of the teacher and educational
activities) was highly appreciated with a weakness in the
vocabulary of the interactive experience unit curriculum
made its role (average):-Emphasizing the importance of
giving children a culture of peaceful coexistence when
building educational curricula for kindergarten.

Discussing reflexivity in ethnography is not a new approach.
It has been essential in the social sciences since
the publication of Professor Malinowski's memoirs which
led to the reflexive shift in anthropology when the ethnographer,
the author, first became responsible for the
crisis of objectivity regarding the fate of interpretive-explicative
anthropology. This approach radically altered
the anthropologist's relationship, the representations of
actors (actors) in texts, and the reflexive understanding of
the academic power of representation and the analysis of
the process of movement, writing culture, became a necessary
part of understanding the situation of the ethnographer
in the case of fieldwork. Anthropology is no longer
an objective, one-sided, and self-centered science. It is interpreted
today because of its nature and its many faces
that create a mosaic reflection in the ethnographic text
shared by the ethnographer, respondents, and readers.
When ethnographic research is combined with reflexivity
in the various stages of research, from beginning to end,
the ability to see a different reality is more likely. In this
paper, we look at what reflexivity means in ethnographic
work, its requirements, challenges and models for ethnographic
texts with a reflexive nature.

The semantics is often theoretical, often controversial,
and the application of different opinions, especially
the semantic researches on which religious knowledge
and doctrinal origins are based. Discussions and debates
among scholars have intensified the understanding of the
religious text and the infallibility of beliefs and from this
travail the semantic criticism in verbal works emerges.
The current study concentrates on the concept of semantic
criticism and its manifestations at the imamate
faqah seid. Ameedaldeen Abd al-Muttalib (754 A.H), and
his book of theology (Rise of Theology) which he singled
out by criticizing the book of his uncle and his master
Al-Alama Al-hili (726 A.H),"Lights of Kingdom in Explaining
Sapphire".
The research concluded with a number of results, the
most important is that the concept of semantic criticism
by seid. Ameedaldeen Abd al-Muttalib is a broad concept
divided into several reasons. The most striking one is the
objection and evaluation, in which he showed indicative
and linguistic ability that match the recent findings of the
western semantic experts.

The current research aims to identify Effectiveness
of Teaching by Rally Robin strategy in Developing Dimensions
of Deep Understanding for Students of Fifth Biological
Scientific Grade in Physics. The researcher used the
experimental model with partial control of the two equal
groups; the experimental group and the control group.
According to this model, the research sample was intentionally
chosen in Al-Qasim Secondary for Boys. There
are (30) students in two groups in consideration of variables:
chronological age in months and intelligence. The
research was applied in the second semester of the academic
year (2018-2019), and the researcher prepared
a research tool (testing the dimensions of deep understanding)
which consists in its final form of (36) test items,
and the data has been processed statistically, and the researcher
reached the results, which is the superiority of
the students of the experimental group over the students
of the control group in testing the dimensions of deep
understanding.

التفكير النقدي، استراتيجيات
تعلم اللغة، متعلمي اللغة
الإنجليزية لغة أجنبية في
العراق.

This research aims to investigate how consubstantiality is
used in political discourse to arrive at a collective mind that
convinces the audience that the speaker and the public are
on the same boat, via adhering to a customized selective
perception. To reach this aim, it analyzes Trump’s Acceptance
Speech to find out how he uses selective perception
denotations through discourse strategies for this purpose.
It is hypothesized that Trump plays with his language in the
said speech in order to obtain the fullest benefit from these
strategies by creating a selective perception that results in
rapport with his audience. To conduct the analysis, the research
draws on van Dijk’s Ideological Discourse Analysis
(1995), making use of the discursive strategies found therein.
In conclusion, the research proves this to be the case in
the selected speech and that Trump focuses on the denotations
of Anger, Fear, Blame, Demagogue, Hope, and Change.
Moreover, the results show that the use of lexical items with
these denotations is not haphazard, but is polarized in a way
that positively presents the self and negatively presents the
others.