Complementary Biological System Journal

This study aims to investigate, through in vitro methods, the molecular, immunofluorescent, and immunohistochemical effects of resveratrol and IL-6 on CXCL1 gene/protein expression in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). MCF-7 and MCF-10A cell lines were cultured and divided into four groups: control, IL-6-treated, resveratrol-treated, and a combination-treated group. CXCL1 gene expression was assessed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR), while CXCL1 protein levels were analyzed using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Cell viability was quantified by MTS assay using ELISA. CXCL1 gene/protein was overexpressed in MCF-7 cells, especially in the IL-6-treated group, but reduced in both resveratrol and combination-treated groups. MTS assay showed increased cell viability in all IL-6 concentrations compared to control, with the highest value at 300 μM. Immunofluorescence revealed a significant increase in CXCL1 protein in the IL-6-treated group and a decrease in the resveratrol and combination groups. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that CXCL1 protein levels significantly declined in MCF-7 cells treated with resveratrol alone or in combination with IL-6, compared to untreated control cells. These findings indicate that IL-6 upregulates, while resveratrol downregulates, CXCL1 expression in breast cancer cells. Further research is recommended to assess the long-term safety and effects of IL-6 and resveratrol in mammals, as comprehensive safety data for prolonged use remain incomplete

Oily sludge (OS) is considered one of the most complex by-products produced in the petroleum industry as an unwanted. This work aims to provide a comprehensive review focused on the dangers of stockpiled OS, its sources and contents, as well as its complex composition. This study also analyzes the global annual generation and stockpiling quantities of OS. Therefore, the thermochemical conversion, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) char produced via HTC called hydrochar, pyrolysis (PY) char produced via PY named pyro-char, and microwave (MW) processes, while the char produced MW labeled micro-char. In conclusion, this study will facilitate researchers and provide a clear understanding of OS making it easy to recovered oil, convert, or exploit as fuel, absorbent materials, or fertilizer for soil. Therefore, this research will contribute to preserving the environment and preserving the planet

University students often face significant academic, social, and environmental pressures, making them particularly vulnerable to psychological distress. Despite this, there is limited evidence regarding the prevalence and associated factors of mental health problems among university students in Iraq. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress in this population and to examine their associations with sociodemographic characteristics, insomnia, internet use, and physical activity. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Iraqi university students using a structured questionnaire, including the DASS-21, Insomnia Severity Index, and Internet Addiction Test. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data and identify associations between mental health outcomes and participant sociodemographic characteristics. A total of 690 university students were recruited in this study. The majority of participants were female, aged 21–23 years, single, and enrolled in medical-related fields. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 69.9%, 74.1%, and 62.2%, respectively. Female students, those from private universities, and participants without health insurance reported significantly higher psychological distress. Insomnia was a strong predictor of all depression, anxiety, and stress. High-intensity physical activity and regular exercise (2–3 days per week for 30–60 minutes) were significantly associated with lower depression, anxiety, and stress levels. High internet use was significantly associated with increased stress. The findings indicate a high burden of psychological distress among Iraqi university students. Early screening and university-based mental health interventions—particularly those targeting sleep hygiene, physical activity, and stress management—are urgently needed to support student well-being.

Laser technology has significantly transformed healthcare and biological sciences by Laser devices are offered precision, efficiency, and Multiple simple solutions in various medical fields and research domains. In ophthalmology, lasers play a pivotal role in vision correction, retinal imaging, and therapeutic applications, such as femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK and two-photon fluorescence scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Dermatology has also benefited from CO2, Nd:YAG, excimer, and Q-switched lasers, which are widely used for pigmentation disorders, tattoo removal, and skin rejuvenation. Moreover, Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) enhances wound healing and tissue regeneration, while intense pulsed light (IPL) and diode lasers improve hair removal and acne treatments. Furthermore, laser applications are rapidly advancing across fields such as surgical oncology, neurology, and regenerative medicine, with promising roles in gene therapy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Despite these advancements, challenges such as safety concerns, laser-induced complications, and the need for further clinical validation in diverse patient populations. This paper explores cutting-edge laser applications in ophthalmology, dermatology, and beyond, highlighting their transformative impact on modern medicine and future potential for innovation.

Polysomnography (PSG) remains the gold standard for evaluating sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and related conditions, yet its clinical potential is often limited by overreliance on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and similar summary metrics. This narrative review offers a structured, physiology-informed approach to PSG interpretation that integrates sleep architecture, arousal burden, respiratory event morphology, oxygenation patterns, and CO2 trends. Recognizing phenotypic patterns-such as REM-related and positional OSA-through sleep stage and positional stratification is essential for directing targeted therapy. We outline common interpretive pitfalls, including automated scoring errors, overlooked signal artifacts, and the first night effect, emphasizing the need for careful manual review and clinical correlation. In pediatric and syndromic populations, age-adjusted interpretation is critical for detecting subtle respiratory disturbances that can impact neurodevelopment or behavior. A practical stepwise framework is provided to guide interpretation, streamline clinical workflows, and reduce diagnostic error. PSG findings are also contextualized within broader systemic outcomes, such as their links to hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and cognitive decline. Ultimately, PSG should be viewed not as a static diagnostic report, but as a cornerstone of personalized sleep medicine-informing mechanism-based, outcome-oriented interventions tailored to individual patients.

Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) has recently been identified as a candidate for cancer therapy due to its roles in tumor development and growth. Conventional approaches for the discovery of MAO-A inhibitors are both costly and time-consuming. The objective of this work was to apply in silico methods to predict natural isoquinoline alkaloids capable of acting as potent MAO-A inhibitors, and to establish this class of compounds as potential sources of a cost-effective anticancer therapy. Twenty-one natural isoquinoline alkaloids were subjected to a multistep computer-aided drug discovery protocol. The compounds were initially screened for pharmacokinetic (ADME), toxicity, and drug-likeliness properties by computational screening tools. chemoinformatic analyses were made to predict molecular targets and subsequently, molecular docking studies was performed to evaluate binding interaction with MAO-A enzyme, focusing on docking scores and root mean square deviation (RMSD) values. The majority of the tested compounds showed good ADME characteristics and were predicted to be non-toxic, except compound 6, which showed a potentially toxic profile. Target prediction results indicated high selectivity for MAO-A of all 21 compounds. Analysis of molecular docking results showed high binding affinity of the studied compounds with root mean square deviation (RMSD) values of 0.4454–2.3 Å and binding free energy (S-score) of −4.5877 to −6.3278 kcal/mol. These findings reveal several isoquinoline alkaloids with strong MAO-A binding and favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles, especially compound 2. This supports their potential as anticancer leads and highlights the value of further in vitro and in vivo studies to confirm therapeutic applicability.

This work investigates the efficacy of fenugreek seed powder (FSP), an agricultural product, as an economical and sustainable biosorbent for the extraction of crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous environments. The biosorbent was analyzed using XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX, validating its amorphous structure, surface functional groups, and porous shape. Batch biosorption tests were adjusted utilizing a Box–Behnken design (BBD), incorporating three independent variables: FSP dose (0.02–0.1 g/100 mL), pH (4–10), and time (5–60 min). The model exhibited exceptional prediction accuracy (R² = 0.99, CV = 2.12%) and recognized all three variables as statistically significant (p < 0.05). The maximum CV removal attained was 91.8% efficiency at an FSP dose of 0.1 g/100 mL, pH 7, and a time of 60 minutes. FTIR examination indicated changes in the –OH, C=O, and C–O functional groups, signifying their participation in dye interaction, whilst SEM pictures validated dye deposition on the biosorbent surface. The biosorption process was ascribed to electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, π–π stacking, and pore filling. These findings underscore FSP as a viable, economical biosorbent for the removal of cationic dyes in wastewater treatment applications.

Neonates have an immature immune system, making them highly susceptible to infections. Treatment failure in newborns may result from antibiotic resistance, a significant challenge in the management of infectious illnesses worldwide. So the main objective of this research was to develop a newborn-specific antibiogram at the University of Science and Technology hospital (USTH) in Sana’a, Yemen. A retrospective analysis was conducted using microbiological data from the USTH database during the period from January 2021 to March 2022, antibiogram was generated and analyzed using the WHONET application. Gram-positive bacteria were the most frequently isolated pathogens in neonates, followed by gram-negative bacteria. The most frequently isolated gram-positive bacteria were Streptococcus spp. and coagulase-negative staphylococci, while the most frequently isolated gram-negative bacteria were Burkholderia cepacia and Klebsiella spp. The most sensitive antibiotics for gram-positive bacteria were vancomycin and linezolid, whereas carbapenem, colistin, and polymyxin B were the most sensitive antibiotics for gram-negative bacteria. High levels of resistance were noted across both bacterial groups, emphasizing the urgent need for updated local antibiograms to guide empirical therapy. These findings can directly inform antibiotic stewardship efforts and contribute to the development of evidence-based neonatal care guidelines in resource-limited settings like Yemen.

Rhinoplasty is a surgical procedure aimed at improving the nasal shape and function, with dorsal augmentation playing a crucial role in nasal reconstruction. Autologous cartilage grafts, particularly from the rib, are widely used due to their structural integrity but pose challenges such as postoperative warping, graft shifting, and resorption. The evolution of cartilage grafting techniques has progressed from block to sliced and diced cartilage to enhance long-term stability and aesthetic outcomes. Block cartilage provides excellent structural support but is prone to warping due to intrinsic stress. Sliced cartilage reduces warping risk while offering greater flexibility, whereas diced cartilage allows for precise contour adaptation but has a higher risk of resorption. Modifications such as autologous fascia wrapping and fibrin glue application have been introduced to improve graft integration and stability. This study evaluates the effectiveness of each technique based on key parameters, including warping incidence, graft shifting, resorption, and aesthetic success. Literature review findings indicate that diced cartilage offers a more natural contour with minimal warping, while sliced cartilage provides a balance between structural support and flexibility. Block cartilage remains the preferred choice for major reconstruction requiring maximum strength. The selection of the grafting technique should be tailored to the patient’s specific needs to optimize surgical outcomes and minimize complications.

This research explores the integration of nano-ceramic window films as a passive architectural strategy to improve both energy performance and occupant biological well-being in commercial buildings. The biological objective centers on enhancing health, comfort, and physiological stability by regulating thermal, optical, and radiative indoor conditions. Simulations on a three-story, 2,000 m² building demonstrated that high-performance films reduced indoor temperatures by up to 3.5°C, lowering thermal stress and core body heat load. Ultraviolet (UV) transmission was curtailed to as low as 1%, significantly decreasing skin damage doses below 0.2 MED/day. Select films maintained optimal Equivalent Melanopic Lux (EML) levels (up to 7,500 lux), supporting circadian regulation and cognitive function. Cognitive performance was further enhanced through improved thermal comfort and daylight modulation. These outcomes affirm the potential of nano-ceramic glazing to deliver a biologically informed, energy-efficient solution, aligning architectural design with thermoregulatory, dermatological, and neurobehavioral health requirements.