Iraqi Journal of Market Research and Consumer Protection

The study was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production/ College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/ University of Baghdad/ Abu Ghraib, for the period from 28/04/2022 to 08/06/2022 to demonstrate the effect of adding a mixture of Lion’s mane Hericium erinaceus and Reishi Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum to broiler\'s diets on productive performance, 120 one day old Ross 308 breed broiler chicks were used in the experiment, with (10 birds / replicate) with an average starting weight of 49.95 g. The experiment treatments were as follows:(T1) basic diet control treatment free of any addition.
(T2) the basic diet with the addition of 0.5 g/kg fodder of Lion\'s Mane mushroom with 0.5 g/kg fodder of the Reishi Mushroom. (T3) the basic diet with the addition of 0.75 g/kg fodder of Lion\'s Mane Mushroom with 0.75 g/kg fodder of Reishi Mushroom.(T4) basic diet with the addition of 1 g/ kg fodder of Lion\'s Mane Mushroom with 1 g / kg fodder of Reishi Mushroom. The results showed in the sixth week a highly significant increase (P<0.01) in the average weekly body weight for the two treatments T2 and T4 over the control treatment T1, while in the fifth week a high significant increase (P < 0.01) was obtained in the weekly average body weight of the T4 treatment over the T1 control treatment free of addition, while in the sixth week T2 and T4 outperformed the T1 control treatment, but regarding weight gain ratio, it was observed that a high significant increase was observed (P <0.01) for treatment T3 over treatment T2, and the results showed a significant increase in the feed consumption ratio for both T1 and T3 over treatment T2 in the third week, and it was noted that a high significant improvement (P<0.01) was achieved in the feed conversion ratio and clearly for the birds of T2 treatment compared to the control treatment T1 at the age of 6 weeks, and the results showed a significant improvement in the carcass weight of treatment T4 compared to T3 treatment, and a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the carcass weight of birds of T2 treatment, to whose diet a mixture of lion\'s mane mushroom was added by 0.5 g/kg and reishi mushroom by 0.5 g/kg compared with control treatment T1 and T3. We conclude from this study that adding a mixture of lion\'s mane mushroom with reishi mushroom in different proportions has a role in improving the productive performance of broiler.

This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production/ College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad for the period from 42 days. Aiming to know the effect of using shrimp waste powder (Metapenaeus Affinis) and enzyme in broilers diet on physiological and microbial performance and indicators of fat oxidation in meat. 250 one-day-old ROSS308 chicks were used. The chicks were fed on diets containing shrimp waste treated with enzyme and not treated with protease enzyme by 0,4,6 %. The experiment included five treatments, with 5 replicates for each treatment, and each replicate contained 10 birds. The results showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the concentration of ALT and AST for all treatments of the experiment compared to the control treatment, and a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the concentration of calcium element for the T5 treatment compared to all treatments and the control treatment. In addition, there was a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the concentration of phosphorous element for treatment T2 compared to the rest of the treatments. The results showed that there was a high significant decrease (P≤0.01) in the indicators of fat oxidation, MDA, PV and FFA, in the treatments of the experiment compared to the control treatment for the two periods of 1 day and 30 days of storage. Both T2 and T3 recorded a significant increase (P≤0.05) for the logarithmic number of Lactobacillus, and a significant decrease (P≤0.05) for the logarithmic number of coliform bacteria (E.coil) in treatment T2. We conclude from this study the possibility of using shrimp waste in broilers diets at rates of 4 and 6% to obtain a positive improvement in the physiological and microbial characteristics and indicators of fat oxidation in the meat and to increase the storage period of chicken meat for 30 days without deteriorating its quality.

This study was conducted to evaluate the role of certain plant elicitors of normal and Nano amino acids in inducing systemic defenses against root-knot nematodes in tomato plants in greenhouse conditions. All treatments showed high efficacy, and the inhibitory effect of the tested acids on nematode root-knot Reproduction was positively correlated with increasing concentration. Additionally, plant growth was enhanced by all the treatments in general. Arginine and Serine at a concentration 20 and 30 ppm respectively recorded the highest stimulation peroxidase enzyme activity after 9 days of treatment with significant differences in quantity (21.28,21.56 min / gm fresh ) compared to the control treatment that It recorded (19.14 min/g fresh ), while the highest stimulation of Phenyl alanine ammonia-lyase enzyme activity was recorded for the same two acids at the same higher concentrations (16.78,18.31 mg cinnamic per hour) compared to the comparison treatment, which was (11.02 min/fresh weight). The higher concentration of the two acids above was the evidence of complexation. the severity of the infection was (1.41, 1.08) and the severity of the infection were (33.33, 27.08)%. Compared to the control treatment, which was 3.41, as evidenced by the complexity and severity of infection was 85.41%, while all the tested treatments recorded a significant superiority in the wet and dry weight of the shoot and the amount of chlorophyll concentration, compared to comparison treatment. Which recorded the highest percentage of the wet root system, which was to 23.84 g/ wet. All tested amino acids had a significant effect on the development and alleviation of the disease.

The experiment was conducted in the fields belonging to the Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, at the Al-Jadriya Campus/ Station A, during the season of 2022-2023. The aim of the study was to investigate the improvement of beetroot plant growth through water fish irrigation and spraying water lens extract. The experiment consisted of two factors: the first factor was water fish irrigation with the following treatments: (A) Control treatment (river water with recommended fertilization), (B) Water fish irrigation at a concentration of 25%, (C) Water fish irrigation at a concentration of 50%, (D) Water fish irrigation at a concentration of 75%, and (E) Water fish irrigation at a concentration of 100%. The second factor was the spraying of lens extract with the following treatments: (T1) Control treatment, (T2) Spraying with a concentration of 0.25%, (T3) Spraying with a concentration of 0.50%, (T4) Spraying with a concentration of 0.75%, and (T5) Spraying with a concentration of 1%. The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, resulting in a total of 75 treatments. The results showed that treatment E exhibited superior growth characteristics compared to the control treatment, with an increase in root weight of 71.0 g per root. The results also indicated that spraying lens extract at a concentration of 1% resulted in higher values for growth characteristics compared to the control treatment. Treatment T5 showed significant superiority in root weight compared to all other treatments, with a value of 64.4 g per root compared to the control treatment. The combined treatment ET4, involving Water fish and spraying water lens plant extract, showed significant improvement in most measured growth characteristics compared to the control treatment. Treatment ET5 exhibited the highest root weight, reaching 85.8 g per root compared to the control treatment.

This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Animal Production Department of the College of Agriculture/ University of Karbala for a period of 35 days 21/11/2021 to 25/12/2021, in order to demonstrate the evaluation of the addition of different level of powdered Arabic gum (Acacia Senegal) added to Drinking water for broiler chickens showed some physiological and microbial characteristics, as 150 Ross308 broiler chicks, one day old, unsexed, were used, and the average weight of the chicks was 38 gm, distributed randomly to 5 treatments, and each treatment had 3 replications of 10 chicks for each replicate, and the addition of Arabic gumto the ration and from the first day my agencies: T1: control treatment without addition, T2: add 1.25 gm of Arabic gum/ liter of water, T3: add 2.25 gm of Arabic gum/ liter of water, T4: add 3.25 gm of Arabic gum/ liter Water, T5: add 4.25 g of Arabic gum/ liter of water.

The factorial experiment was conducted in green canopy of Department of Horticulture and Garden Engineering - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences- University of Baghdad, for the spring season of 2022, to study the effect of soaking Polianthes tuberosa L. bulbs in Atonic solution and inoculation with bacterial biofertilizer Stenotrophomonas malophilia and fungal biofertilizer Glomus mosseae, along with the addition of two levels (3% and 4%) of water hyacinths compost (C:N=17) on some vegetative and floral growth traits of Peral variety of tuberose. The study was conducted using a randomized completely block design with three replicates. Tuberose bulbs were planted in black plastic bags containing 6 kg of a sandy loam soil. The total number of experimental units was 72, with each experimental unit containing 5 plants, resulting in a total of 360 plants in the experiment. The results showed that soaking the bulbs for 12 hours in Atonic before planting, as well as inoculation with biofertilizers and organic fertilization, led to a significant increase in all the studied vegetative and floral growth traits of this plant. The results of the triple interaction between the study factors showed the superiority of the treatment involving soaking with Atonic, inoculation with the biofertilizer combination, and fertilization with a 4% level of water hyacinths compost, significantly affecting the carbohydrate content, iron and manganese concentration in the leaves, fresh Peduncle weight, number of florets per plant and the number of bulbs. The recorded values were 4.271%, 549.7 mg kg-1 dry weight, 73.0 mg kg-1 dry weight, 126.70 g, and 55.33 flower plant-1, and 17 bulbs plant-1, respectively.

The experiment was conducted to study the water productivity of the sorghum crop in Al-Jadriya region for the spring season in Al-Jadriya/ University of Baghdad. Experiment treatments included six irrigation levels: Treatment of 100% at 50% depletion of the available water and compensation in terms of accumulate evaporation from the evaporation basin class A to the field capacity, deficit irrigation treatments 80, 70, 60, 50, and 40% from complete irrigation were applied, using the Completely Randomized Block Design with three replicates. The seeds of the crop were planted on 13-3-2022 and harvested on 15-7-2022. Future studies were conducted to extract the expected values for the study year and the years coming to 2050 for the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, using the AquaCrop model and the results were;
1. The highest depth of water added was 487 mm at 100% full irrigation treatment, then the values decreased to 413, 377, 340, 303 and 267 mm season-1 for 80, 70, 60, 50 and 40% deficit irrigation coefficients, respectively.
2. Deficit irrigation of 80 and 70% of treatments outperformed the highest average water productivity of 1.17 kg m-3 for both treatments. There was a slight increase in rainfall rates (2020-2030) and an almost non-existent decrease for the period (2040-2050) of 0.09 and 0.03 mm decrease, respectively, compared to the base period (1985-2005).
3. The model was able to simulate the productivity of grain and water yield of white corn in an excellent way due to the high compatibility between the measured field values and the predicted values, the measured grain yield values were (5.79-1.64) ton ha-1, the simulation values amounted to (5.70-3.66) ton ha-1, while the water productivity was measured between (0.87 - 1.17) kg m-3 and the simulation values amounted to (0.96-2.12) kg m-3.
4. The productivity values of the sorghum crop ranged between (6.72) ─ (3.84) ton ha-1 and a relative change ranged between [(-5.79) ─ (-12.73) %] at the scenario (RCP 4.5), while at the scenario (RCP 8.5) for the time period (2040-2050), the productivity values ranged between (4.92-2.44) ton ha-1, with a relative change ranging between [(-0.49) ─ (-4.43) %].

This study was conducted at the Experimental Research Station in the College of Agricultural Engineering/University of Baghdad in the Jadiriyah area during the fall season of 2022. The study aimed to find out the effect of adding phosphorus and spray with zinc in the vegetative growth and yield of cabbage plants. The experiment included two factors: the first factor was phosphorus (P) at four concentrations (P25%, P50%, P75%, and P100% of the recommended complete fertilizer dose of 135 kg P2O5 per hectare), and the second factor was spray with zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) at three concentrations (0, 30, and 60 mg/L). which symbolize it as (Z0, Z1, Z2) respectively the results showed that the treatment P75 Z2 significantly influenced most of the study\'s parameters, such as plant height, number of outer and inner leaves, leaf area, dry weight, and plant productivity, with values of 23 cm, 17.30 leaves, 71.67 leaves, 939.53 cm2, 12.84%, and 2.33 kg, respectively, compared to the control treatment.

Currently, more than 20% of the total global irrigated area is affected by salinity and high levels of sodium in soils, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, which makes them degraded soils with poor properties that may discourage or prevent plant growth in them. And through a global field experiment conducted during the fall agricultural season for the year 2022 in Anbar Governorate - Karma district according to the split-plot design, it included two factors, the first factor is three levels of cover crops (CC) planted alongside the main crop (Sorghum) and placed in the main panels and the second factor is four levels of aluminum sulfate (alum) (A) placed in the secondary panels and with three replications, the results showed a significant effect of all levels of aluminum sulfate addition in the indicators of growth and yield of white corn and reached the highest rate of increase in the treatments of the level of alum A3 In (plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll index and biological yield of sorghum crop) (21, 25, 16, 101)%, respectively, compared with the comparison treatment (A0), and in general, the significant effect occurred in an increasing manner with increasing alum levels. While the cover crops did not have a significant effect on the indicators of growth and yield of the main crop, except for leaf area.

Three experiments were conducted, an incubation experiment, to find out the effect of adding agricultural sulfur on the phosphorus release from rock phosphate and the amount of its adsorption on zeolite in a loamy calcareous soil taken from one of the fields affiliated with the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad - Al-Jadriya, and zeolite was added to it at two levels (0.10) Mg.ha-1. and agricultural sulfur at two levels (0.2) Mg.ha-1 and rock phosphate at two levels (0.80) kg P.ha-1 and mineral phosphorus were added in the form of Di Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) fertilizer at a level of (80) kg P.ha-1 as a control sample with three replicates \'according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) for an incubation period of 60 days. Furthermore, the isothermal adsorption experiment of phosphorus using the parameters of the incubation experiment at its highest levels, which were treated with different concentrations of phosphorus (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500) μg P.ml-1, and the phosphorus release experiment for the soil on which adsorption was conducted for one level of phosphorus (500) μg.g-1 soil, for the different treatments. The results of the incubation experiment showed a significant effect of the triple interaction between the treatments, as the highest value was (30.93) mg.kg-1, compared to the control treatment, which amounted to (6.91) mg.kg-1. Moreover, the adsorption experiment showed an increase in the adsorbed amount when zeolite was added to the soil, as the maximum adsorption values were Xm1428.57 and 2000 μg P.g-1 soil, and the bonding energy was 0.014 and 0.0114 μg P.ml-1 at the soil treatment and the soil treatment with zeolite respectively. The release amount of phosphorus increased when adding agricultural sulfur and zeolite with a ratio of 10.85, 56.11 and 63.31% for soil treatment with sulfur, soil treatment with zeolite, and soil treatment with zeolite and sulfur, respectively, compared to soil treatment only.

This study was conducted in a lath house, Dept. Of Hort. and Landscape, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Univ. Baghdad, Al- Jadriya during 2022 growing season to investigate influence of liquid organic fertilizer (Siapton 10 L) and spraying with glutathione and kaolin on some vegetative growth characteristics and leaf mineral content of two year\'s old of \"Red\" apricot transplants. Factors of study experiment included addition of two levels of liquid organic fertilizer (Siapton 10 L) containing a group of amino acids to soil ,without addition (S0), and 3 ml L-1 (S3), while glutathione spray was sprayed with three levels; without spray (G0), spraying at 200 mg L-1 (G200) and spraying at 400 mg L-1 (G400), As for kaolin spray, they were sprayed in three levels (0, 500, and 1000 mg L-1), which are denoted by symbols K0, K500, and K1000, respectively. The experimental results showed that liquid organic fertilizers at 3 ml L-1(S3) significantly increased in stem diameter of 9.52 mm, highest leaf potassium content of 1.77%, leaf water content of 70.99 % and decreased in leaf proline content of 4.90 µmol.gm fresh weight-1. Results also showed that glutathione spray especially at 400 mg L-1 (G400), showed significant superiority in increased in stem diameter of 10.07 mm, leaf potassium content of 1.76 % and leaf water content of 70.51 %. Kaolin spray also affected, especially spraying at 1000 mg L-1 and gave highest increasing of stem diameter of 9.47 mm, highest leaf potassium content of 1.77 %, leaf water content of 71.00 % and decreased in leaf proline content of 4.65 µmol.gm fresh weight-1.

This study was conducted in a lath house, Dept. Of Hort. and Landscape , College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Univ. Baghdad, during 2022 growing season to investigate influence of mineral fertilizers NPK and spraying with seaweed extract and Nano iron on some vegetative growth characteristics and leaf mineral content of two year\'s old Red blush of grapefruit transplants. Factors of study experiment included addition of three levels of mineral fertilizers NPK (without addition (C0), 2.5 g transplant-1 (C2.5), and 5 g transplant-1 (C5)), while seaweed extract spray was sprayed with two levels; without spray (S0) and spraying at 4 g L-1 (S4), As for Nano-iron fertilizer treatments, they were sprayed in three levels (0, 10, and 20 mg L-1), which are denoted by symbols I0, I10, and I20, respectively. Treatments were replicated three times (three transplants in experimental unit) at factorial experiment in a RCBD and thus number of transplants used was 162 transplants. The experimental results showed that chemical fertilizers at 5 g L-1(C5) significantly increased in leaves number of 47.44 leaf. plant-1, leaf area of 29.99 cm2, leaf phosphor content of 0.400 % and leaf iron content of 175.6 mg kg-1 . Results also showed that seaweed extract spray, significant superiority in increased in leaves number of 41.30 leaf plant-1, leaf area of 28.92 cm2, leaf phosphor content of 0.339 % and leaf iron content of 173.2 mg kg-1. Nano- iron spray at 20 mg L-1 significantly effect in leaves number of 40.45 leaf plant-1, leaf area of 28.27 cm2and leaf iron content of 180.6 mg kg-1. Twice and triple interactions between study factors significantly affected in all studied traits

Due to the frequent use of the Internet all over the world, therefore, researchers efforts must be focused on understanding the basic biological changes that can be caused by electromagnetic radiation emitted from the communication towers, to identify its most important risks and try to develop prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies for the diseases that may be caused by their effect. One hundred people participated in this study, 70 of them were selected from the residents of the areas near the communication towers. The study extended from September 2022 to February 2023. In addition, 30 people participated as a control group who live far from the areas of construction of these towers. The ages of the participants in this study ranged from 20 to 60 years. All participants in the study were given a questionnaire about the age, gender of the participant, the diseases they suffers from, and the hours they use the Internet. Venous blood samples were collected from all participants to assess serum level of 8-OHdG using ELISA technology. The level of DNA damage was evaluated with respect to 8-OHdG and the results showed a higher level in subjects (3.9) while in the control group it was 0.46.

The research aims to identify the obstacles facing agricultural extension workers in implementing the activities of the Agricultural Extension and Training Department, with proposed solutions. To achieve the research objectives, a questionnaire was designed to first identify these obstacles and then develop proposed solutions by collecting the opinions of agricultural consultants. This was based on relevant literature relating to subject matter experts. The research community included all agricultural consultants working at the headquarters of the Agricultural Extension and Training Department and its branches in the governorates of the central region. The total number of participants in the study was 118 agricultural extension workers.
Statistical data analysis was conducted, and the research results revealed major obstacles that agricultural extension faces in carrying out extension activities. These obstacles obtained average scores higher than the hypothesized average on the agreement scale used in the research. As for the results of the second objective, they indicated that the primary focus on the opinions of the participants was the best real solution to overcome the obstacles faced by agricultural extension workers in implementing the activities of the Agricultural Extension and Training Department. The research recommended the need for relevant agricultural extension agencies to pay special attention to the challenges faced by agricultural extension workers, which hinder the implementation of extension programmers. This can be achieved by intensifying the training of agricultural extension workers in the field of extension activities and enhancing material and moral incentives for them with the aim of improving the quality of implementing extension programs and presenting them in the best possible way.

The study aims to determine the risk of exposure to air pollution as a result of gases emitted by AL-Dora Refinery. The levels of gases emitted from the refinery in the city of Baghdad and their impact on air quality were evaluated. The gases were measured in four locations inside and near the Dora refinery, all sites urban areas except the control site was measured in AL-Yusufiyah district. The gases measured included CO, SO2, NO2, in addition to particulate matter with size 2.5 (PM2.5). The results showed gases (0.05-2.46 ppm) for carbon dioxide, (0.05-1.30 ppm) for nitrogen dioxide, (0.04-1.62 ppm) for sulfur dioxide and (0.038-5.43 ppm) for particulate matter of size 2.5, where the most polluted sites the first and second sites with direction of the wind inside Al-Dora refinery. The study also included collecting blood samples during month of December 2022 from 40 workers and 40 residents whose ages ranged between (20-60) years and represent the exposed group, and all participants were given a questionnaire included participant’s age, gender, diseases they suffered from, and hours of exposure, while the control group (the non-exposed group) was collected from 25 individuals living in AL-Yusufiyah, the results showed people who exposed to these gases had a biological change, and the results of DNA damage showed a significant increase (P ≤ 0.01) in workers (3.35 ± 0.17 μmol/ml ) and residents (4.69 ± 0.21 μmol/ml) compared to the control group (0.905 ± 0.10 μmol/ml). An Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) device was used for diagnosis.

The study aimed to investigate the impact of different concentrations of aflatoxin B1 in concentrated animal feeds on the digestion of dry matter and organic matter, as well as the production of greenhouse gases (total gas and methane) after 24 hours of digestion in a laboratory setting. To mitigate the negative effects of aflatoxin, various proportions of sodium bentonite clay (SB) were added. Four treatments were prepared and labeled as T1, T2, T3, and T4, with varying concentrations of aflatoxin (0, 20, 40, and 60 parts per billion, respectively). Different percentages of sodium bentonite clay (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) were added to each treatment. Statistical analysis revealed significant increases (P˂0.05) in the values of dry matter digestion among the different treatments. T1 recorded the highest value (84.09), while T4 had the lowest (65.08) at a concentration of 0%. Similar trends were observed in organic matter digestion, with T1 showing the highest value (92.38), and T4 the lowest (78.54) at 0% concentration. The addition of 7% sodium bentonite clay resulted in the highest digestion rate (89.26), followed by 5% (88.45), 3% (87.21), and 0% (84.29). Regarding total gas production after 24 hours, significant increases were observed (P˂0.05) among the different treatments. T1 had the highest value (45.66), while T4 had the lowest (15.66) at a concentration of 0%.In summary The study showed that adding sodium bentonite clay to concentrated animal feed resulted in a partially reduction of the negative effects of aflatoxin B1, leads to improved bacterial digestion through laboratory digestion.

The Tigris River, which is the second-longest river in Western Asia, passes through densely inhabited areas, particularly in Baghdad, which is inhabited by nearly 8 million people. The Tigris flow has declined significantly over the past few decades, and this, together with rising wastewater volumes and wastewater treatment. Three sites were chosen, in this paper water quality evaluation is carried out in the Jadriyah area of Iraq and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters. These sites were close to many residential and commercial buildings and the presence of electrical power generation stations. These samples were analyzed laboratory and field using internationally approved methods. This study was designed to determine the amount of pollution in this area according to the standards of the WHO and the Iraqi Ministry of Environment. The results indicated that the third site in the study had the highest percentage of ions. The sodium level in this site reached about 130 mg/l and 128 mg/l in January. Likewise, for the phosphate compound, the highest value recorded in the third site was 0.187 mg/l. The presence of these ions in abundance in this site, in addition to phosphate compounds, which are considered one of the most important plant nutrients, helps the growth of plants such as algae, and this leads to an increase in oxygen consumption at the site and reduces water quality. The results of this study are worrying, but they also contribute to a better understanding of the factors the water quality and can help authorities and stakeholders with sustainable development.

The aim of the research is to use in vitro plant tissue culture technique to determine the effect of growth regulators on the amount of callus produced. Callus was induced from the Salvadora persica or Miswak (Arak) plant by using a combination of Auxin (NAA) and Cytokinin (KIN). In the experiment, the plant parts (seeds, nodes, and leaves) were sterilized with mercury chloride (HgCl2) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for two periods of time (5 and 10 minutes). The results showed the best material for sterilizing plant parts is (HgCl2). Different plant parts (leaf, internode, node, and root) were cultivated on MS medium accompanied by a combination of hormones of (NAA) and (KIN)with different concentrations, and after four weeks of cultivation, significant differences were recorded. The best combinations of plant growth regulators (PGEs) for callus induction rates (2.2%) from leaves at a combination of 1 KIN and 1 NAA mg/L. While internodes at 0 mg/L KIN, and 1 mg/L NAA gave 1.33%. The heights percentage rate (2.25%) of callus induction was obtained from nodes at (1 mg/L KIN, 2 mg/L NAA). The results showed the highest fresh weight of the callus that was obtained from the leaves was 0.4823 g. While the internodes gave 0.3195 g. whereas the height fresh weight of callus produced from nodes was 0.6791 g. As for the roots, there is no response for callus induction.

A field experiment was conducted to study the role of acidified water, phosphorus, iron and zinc levels in nutrient uptake of P, Fe, Zn and the productivity of Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea L.) in the field of agricultural engineering sciences university of Baghdad/ Iraq for autumn season 2021 in silty loam texture soil classified to sub under great group Typic-Torriflovent. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replicates including acidified water with Sulphuric acid H2SO4 added at concentration of (0 and 0.02 N) with irrigation water using drip irrigation system, phosphorus was added to the soil at a level of (0, 50, 75 and 100%) from the fertile recommendation (65 kg P ha-1), iron was added to the soil at a level of 10 kg Fe ha-1, and zinc was added to the soil at a level of 5 kg Zn ha-1. The results show that there were significant effect of a result of adding Sulfuric acid H2SO4, Phosphorus, Iron and Zinc to the soil and their interactions on phosphorus, iron and zinc uptake in the leaves, head diameter and plant yield, However, the addition of Sulfuric acid, Phosphorus and zinc to the soil (0.02 N + 65 kg P ha-1 + 5 kg Zn ha-1 ) achieved the highest of phosphorus, iron and zinc uptake in the leaves which was 2029.44 mg P plant-1, 588.808 mg Fe plant-1 and 240.319 mg Zn plant-1 respectively and head diameter was 19.04 cm and plant yield was 1.82 kg plant-1 with an increasing of 55.55% compared to the A0P0S0 treatment which achieved a head weight of 1.17 kg plant-1.
We recommend to adding Sulphuric acid, Phosphorus and zinc for increasing the availability of phosphorus and micronutrients in soil that are necessary for plant growth.

This study was conducted to examine the impact of different levels of Insulin hormone in some some characteristics of local cocks’ semen after being cooling for four different periods. this study was executed at the Poultry Research Station/ Agricultural Research Department/ Ministry of Agriculture, for the period of 12th/Feb to 21th/ Dec/2022. cocks’ semen was pooled, diluted with extender, and divided equally in to five groups: control treatment (C1) 0 insulin, (C2) contained 4 IU/insulin, (C3) contained 5 IU/insulin., (C4) contained 6 IU/insulin., and (C5) contained 7 IU/insulin. The effect of these addition was studied for different cooling periods at 0 ,24 ,48 and 72 hr on ATPase, mitochondrial activity and DNA damage. The results revealed that the addition of insulin hormone were not significant differences in mitochondrial activity, A significant differences were observed on ATPase and DNAdamage when insulin hormone added with high levels within all of the cryopreservation periods.

A field experiment was conducted in an experimental field affiliated with the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, during the fall season of 2022. Split plot arrangement in the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) of three replicates was used comprising three levels of sulfur (0, 500, and 1000 kg ha-1) symbolized by S0, S1, and S2 forming the main plots, added to the soil before planting before two months, while the subplots were the bio-fertilizers represented by B0 and B1. Results showed the superiority of the second level of agricultural sulfur, giving the highest traits involving the plant height reaching 79.2 cm, chlorophyll content that was 91.1 SPAD, total yield was 44.0 mg ha-1 and protein content was 18.38%. The biofertilization was also superior in giving the highest traits involving the plant height was 80.2 cm, chlorophyll content was 98.9 SPAD and flower disc diameter was 23. 53 cm, total yield was 43.6 mg ha-1 and protein content was 18.94%, the concentration of the active substance sulforaphane in flower disc was 38.1 mg kg-1 fresh weight. For the binary interaction, the treatment of biofertilization with the third level of agricultural sulfur was superior, giving the highest values for the qualities in the plant height was 81.5 cm and the flower disc diameter was 23. 92 cm and the total yield was 45.7 mg ha-1, the percentage of protein in the amount of 19.31% and the concentration of the active substance sulforaphane in flower disk was 47.8 mg kg-1 fresh weight.

The inhibitory activity of the extracted and nano-betaglucan compound was estimated against pathogenic bacteria, as the average diameter of the inhibition zone at a concentration of 200 mg/mL gave the highest inhibitory activity for all types of isolates with significant differences at a probability level (P≤0.05), of which we singled out of Gram-positive bacteria when converting it into a nanocomposite. The results showed that there was no growth inhibition zone for lactic acid bacteria. The cytotoxicity of betaglucan nanocomposite was estimated, as it was observed in the Microculture Tetrazolium Test (MTT) that there were significant differences between the viability of cells in the Human dermal Fibroblast cell line (HdFn) (control treatment) and the concentrations of betaglucan nanocomposite at a probability level of 0.05, as the number of cells decreased. The presence of anticancer activities of the nanocomposite betaglucan produced in this study in the human breast cancer cell line Michigan Canner Foundation-7 (MCF-7), whose concentrations increase, the number of cells decreases, starting from (0) to (200) µg/mL. The nanocomposite betaglucan was added to the curd of soft cheese in proportions of 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5%. All these treatments were subjected to chemical, microbial and sensory tests. The results were: A significant decrease in the percentage of moisture compared to the comparison treatment, the chemical indicators of soft cheese were monitored, which included (fat, protein, acidity and pH). Soft cheese models with added nano-betaglucan manufactured in general were characterized by a decrease in the number of bacteria, yeasts and molds contaminating the cheese compared to the comparison treatment during the storage period. The aforementioned results were generally reflected in the sensory evaluation results, as the highest scores were given for taste, flavor, texture, color, and appearance. on soft cheese samples (treatments T2, T3, and T4) respectively, compared to the control treatment (T1).

In order to investigate effects of vermicompost fertilization and ascorbic acid spray on some distinctive vegetative growth of two apple transplants (Ibrahimi A1 and Sharabi A2) grown in plastic bags of 29cm diameter, experiment was carried out at research station in College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during the growing season of 2022. 162 transplants were used in investigation, which also included fertilizing the soil with vermicompost at three different rates (0, 1, and 2 kg per transplant), and spraying the transplants with ascorbic acid at three different rates (0, 150, and 300 mg/L). The treatments were allocated romly based on the Roomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), and the experiment was designed in the split plot order of three replicates. Results showed the stem diameter was the only typical vegetative property where the two apple types did not significantly vary, with variety A2 being superior by a given stem diameter of 3.83mm. Vermicompost fertilization at a level of 2 kg per transplant-1 was preferable for all attributes examined, and for ascorbic acid spray treatments, a concentration of 300 ml was used. L-1 performed better at growing plant height, stem diameter, shoots number, and vegetative growth dry weight.

This study was conducted to explore the effect of dietary calcium propionate (CP) supplementation on milk yield persistency (MYP) of Iraqi buffaloes and some productive traits of their calves (birth and weaning body weight, weight gain, and body measurements at birth and weaning). The experiment was executed at the Ruminant Research Station, Abu-Ghraib belonging to the Directorate of Animal Resources, Ministry of Agriculture from 10th May 2022 to 4th January 2023. Fifteen Iraqi dairy buffaloes; 6-7 years old were used and divided equally into three groups. The first group was regarded as the control group (T1) without any supplementation, whereas, 100 and 150 g of CP were added to the concentrate diet of the second (T2) and third (T3) groups. respectively for three experimental periods (7 hr. pre-partum and 24 hr. and 7 days’ post-partum). The T2 group exhibited the higher (P≤0.05) MYP (1.153 ± 0.12 kg/kg) than T1 (0.831 ± 0.08 kg/kg) and T3 (0.819 ± 0.07 kg/kg) groups. On the other hand, higher (P≤0.01) calves’ shoulder length was observed in T1 group (91.60 ± 1.88 cm) compared with T2 (81.60 ± 0.92 cm) and T3 (77.60 ± 2.85 cm) groups. In conclusion, adding of CP (100 g) to the concentrate diet of Iraqi buffaloes pre- and post-partum enhanced the MYP of Iraqi dairy buffaloes.

Heat is one of the main environmental stresses that limits the growth, development and production of plants at the global level as a result of the negative effects it causes at different plant levels. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), is one of the biochemical effects of heat produced under aerobic conditions inside plant cells, in normal conditions they regulate cell signals and growth and there is a balance between is formed and is destroyed. However, under of various stresses including heat, this balance is disturbed and leads to the occurrence of disorders in the physiological processes of the plant and the destruction of cell components. The use of chemicals such as osmotic protection compounds, plant hormones, signaling molecules, nutrients, in addition to agricultural practices such as the optimal planting date, irrigation water scheduling, and seed priming process have contributed to reducing the harmful effect of heat and increasing the effectiveness of antioxidants in plants to counter the negative effects of ROS in shade of climate change.