Al-Esraa university college journal for social and humanity sciences

This research aims to diagnose the role played by human resources
development practices in sustainable development, through the development
of human resources capabilities, skills and knowledge to invest the resources
available to the Organization, especially rare ones, to ensure continuity and
not fade at the present time or extinction. Lack of interest in supporting these
development programs because they do not know their importance in sustainable
development, and therefore the problem of research emerges in the provision of a
range of solutions that would address the problems that hinder knowledge in this
area, and to achieve the main objectives of the research adopted the approach
Descriptive, where the questionnaire was distributed to a number of employees
of Asiacell Communications, and using the Statistical Reqady Program (SPSS) was
entered and processed data, and the main findings of the research is that human
resources development practices are linked and significantly affect the sustainable
development, and therefore was accepted The two hypotheses of this research,
and therefore recommended that the researcher need to see the experiences of
developed countries in this area and transfer to the Iraqi environment to raise the
levels of awareness and knowledge in this area.

This research aims to show the extent of commitment of medical personnel
working in the regulations and laws related to occupational safety in Al-Rafidain
+determining occupational safety procedures and their application in accordance with
the specification ISO45001: 2018, as the main problem of this research is determined due
to the recent spread of the Corona epidemic. Preserving the human being and material
components and ensuring their safety from risks, therefore, the occupational health
and safety authorities have sought to implement the ISO45001: 2018 occupational
health and safety management system in the hospital, which by means of which the
health and safety certificate is granted and issued. The research adopts the case study
methodology in presenting and discussing the ISO45001:2018 occupational health and
safety management system and has been converted into requirements and building
a checklist represented by the items (the context of the organization and leadership
and planning) and embodying them in the examination list for the purpose of arriving
at results that are closer to reality to the goal of the research, and from In order to
support the Ministry of Health to obtain the OSH management system certification.
For the purpose of providing a scientific methodology in collecting and analyzing data,
the seven-point measure of conformity was used. A number of conclusions emerged
from this research, the most prominent of which is the Ministry making awareness
guidance based on the current situation (Corona epidemic) and publishing awareness-
raising procedures according to the Occupational Health and Safety Department. The
researchers recommended Al Rafidain Hospital to work on the tasks of the Occupational
Health and Safety Department ISO45001: 2018 and publish its work.

The concept of citizenship cannot be understood unless it is placed in its
historical context. Concepts do not arise out of a vacuum and spread only after

intellectual practices and accumulations. Citizenship is a word that can accommodate
many definitions. It is in Arabic taken from the word "homeland" which is the place
of residence and protection. and in terms of its political meaning "It is a sense of
belonging and loyalty to the state and a system of rights and duties imposed by this
affiliation". The citizenship in Arab societies including Iraq at the present time as
"meaning" is absent. and the most important reasons for its internal absence the
failure of the modern Arab state to achieve comprehensive development< and to

ensure legal and social protection of its citizens. This difference led to widespread
frustration and defeatism among a wide range of citizens where the lack of

satisfaction of the basic needs of individuals led to indifference at all levels< and

even the desire to flee the homeland in search of a new nationality and homeland.

Central banks have received increasing attention by policy makers and
decision makers around the world due to their outstanding role in achieving
economic growth, which is the primary objective of all economic policies of
different countries. The Central Bank of Iraq carries out this task through applying
an appropriate monetary policy to deal with crises and imbalances. Among these
policies is the policy of managing the exchange rate, as the effects of this policy are
reflected on hand economic activity as a whole to achieve monetary stability on its
part and contribute to set the foundations of economic growth. On the other hand,
this study attempts to highlight the importance of the policy adopted by the Central
Bank of Iraq the exchange system, which has generated a safe environment for local
on financial transactions, as well as analyzing the relationship between the Iraqi
exchange rate system and foreign trade and then economic growth.
The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that
the developmental impact of the Iraqi Central Bank in some economic activities was
good (Such as credit facilities for small, medium and large industries, supporting
private sector banking activity that stimulates investment and economic activities),
but the stabilizing effect of economic growth was more severe during the study
period, which was reflected in the form of clear fluctuations due to external factors
(the financial crisis and global oil prices crisis) (Security & political issues, armed
conflicts, and domestic factors).

The subject of this study revolves around the study of the economic aspects
of the Tahirian and Safirid emirates that appeared in the Islamic East during the third
AH / ninth century AD.It was found through this research that the emergence of
the Taheri emirate has contributed to the development and prosperity of economic
conditions and the high standard of living of the Muslim individual in the regions of
the Islamic East, where agriculture, industry and trade flourished during the era of
the Taherites.As for the Saffarid princes, they were most concerned with the military
aspects and did not care about economic activities such as agriculture, industry and
trade and did not work on developing or promoting them and advancing them, and
these activities remained free and did not take great care from them, but continued
as they were before their growth and the state of Khorasan is going according to
what it deems Islamic community in those areas.

The political class that ruled Iraq after 2003 did not expect this pattern of protests,
which soon turned into widespread protests. The protests erupted on the first of last October,
and claimed the lives of hundreds of dead and thousands of wounded in a precedent never
before. While the government and parliament have offered similar reform packages, the
largest of their kind in 16 years, but they have not affected either the momentum and diversity
of the protests, or the diversity of the ceilings of their demands, which amounted to calling
for regime change. The trends of the Arab newspapers have varied in the nature of reporting
the events in Iraq, and most of them have taken the political direction in dealing with the Iraqi
event .. Hence the problem of research was crystallized in the following question: ((What is
the direction of the Arab newspapers in covering the proper demonstrations in Iraq (October
2019) Either the limits of the study were represented in the temporal field of research and
specifying the time period for the research from 1/10/2019 to 31/12/2019. Either the
subject area of the research represents the press coverage of the Arab electronic newspapers
for the events of the protests in Iraq 2019 and the press topics published in the newspapers.
The analysis categories included the following categories: Subject category - Trend category -
Methods category - Journalistic arts category - Media frameworks category - Processing type
category.Among the most important findings of the research is the excellence of the method
of press treatment of the issue of protests during the first time period which is the month of
October 2019, focusing on the negatives of (the situation) as it is not a new (case) at the mass
level, where protests and demonstrations have occurred in Iraq since 2003 and under many
names For various reasons, but the most prominent feature of the previous protests is the
responsibility of those who lead and manage them. Here, the impression that is in the days
and weeks of the 2019 protests is the same as its predecessors. The methods of journalism
also varied in the treatment of the sample papers for the object of the protests, which were
mostly characterized by criticism, dialogue, suggestion, interpretation, etc. in addition to the
news, i.e. the transfer of information to the public.

Writing is a pivotal system that transfers spoken utterances from being
heard to being seen and read. Literacy is appraised not only by reading and
writing accurately, but also spelling words correctly. Generally speaking,
second language learners (L2) may struggle in their English writing more
than first language speakers (L1) due to different reasons. Even among L2
learners, it is believed that Arab learners struggle with English spelling more
than any other non-native speakers. The present study aims at identifying,
classifying and explaining the errors that EFL students make from linguistic
perspectives. The sample of the study is 50 students (first grade of English
Department at Al Esraa University College) all of them are native speakers
of Arabic, spelling errors were collected and analyzed from their written
composition. Frequency of spelling errors was calculated. Then, errors were
categorized according to their types and likely causes. The results of this
study are consistent with previous researches, which found that spelling
errors made by Arab learners are associated with the impact of their L1.
The most common spelling errors are consonant doubling, silent letters, final
[e] and vowels in general. It is, thus, indispensable for Arab instructors to
scrutinize this dilemma explicitly.