Al-Esraa university college journal for medical sciences

Seventy three Staphylococcus spp. isolates were recovered from
bacterial sample included: poultry , foods, sewage and soil .The antibiotic
susceptibility test to all environment isolate to Methicillin and Vancomycin
were prepared , and the result showed that 39 Staphylococcus spp. isolates
(53.42%) were resistant to Methicillin while 26 isolates (35.61%) were
resistant to Vancomycin. The range of the minimum inhibitory concentration
of Vancomycin were (2-512 ug\ml). Results of plasmid DNA extraction from
Methicillin and Vancomycin resistant isolates showed that some isolates have
one plasmid band. The results of the detection of Vancomycin resistance
genes (van A and van B) showed the presence of van B gene in isolate No.
ESf44 with MIC > 64 ug\m that isolated from raw milk, while didn't notice
the presence of van A gene in other isolates were resistant to Vancomycin
that have been studied . This study was conducted to investigate the van B
gene within the isolated MRSA strains from food, sewage water and soil in
Baghdad.

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochete
Treponema pallidum. Syphilis has been a major infection in man throughout
recorded history and has challenged clinicians with its many clinical
manifestations. It can also spread to other people by kissing or close body
contact. The disease begins with sores and then could spread to other parts
of the body through its stages (primary, secondary, tertiary and latent stages)
and can also reaches heart and nervous system and it may be fatal. The
data on this disease in Iraq is limited and literatures are scanty. A total of 70
sera samples were collected from expatriates working in Iraq. Detection of
syphilis antibodies were performed by non-treponemal tests and confirmed
by treponemal tests (TPHA) using miniVIDAS device. Thirty percent of
cases were positive for syphilis. We conclude that the syphilis cases are
continuously increasing. A serious reaction must be taken immediately for
assessing protective measures.

When intra-oral lesions in soft tissue reach the gingival margin, they
can produce aesthetic problems during its presence and after its removal.
Periodontal plastic surgery can be used in the correction of the gingival
contour using many different techniques. This is a case report of a peripheral
ossifying fibroma removal in the interproximal area between maxillary left
central and lateral incisors in addition to the coverage of the exposed root of

the affected area by using two surgical stages: first one is keratinized gingival

tissue augmentation surgery with free gingival graft concurrent with removal
of the lesion and, in a second stage, root coverage by performing coronally
repositioned flap technique with a follow-up of one year. The initial results
achieved, which were root coverage of 100% after 6 months, promoted an
adequate gingival contour and prevented the development of a mucogingival
defect or a root exposure with its functional and aesthetic consequences.
After one year, the results showed long term success of the techniques,
where the margin remained stable with complete root coverage and tissues
were stable and normal in color.

More than 230 million people undergo surgery each year worldwide and
the number is increasing annually. Surgery causes commonly postoperative
pain that should be alleviated as soon and as effective as possible to reduce
suffering, to promote the healing process and rehabilitation and to prevent
complications. However, clinical pain management after surgery is far from
being successful despite dramatically increased scientific evidence in this
area. Many patients suffer from severe pain after surgery. Aim: The aim of
this study is to compare between ketorolac and nefopam when administered
intravenously as post-operative analgesia in cesarean section. Patients
and methods: 60 patients, who were candidates for elective & emergency
cesarean section, Patients were randomly assigned to receive intravenous
infusion of Nefopam (Group A) or an intravenous infusion of Ketorolac (Group
B) with induction of anesthesia. All patients received Tramadol ampule 100
mg after delivery of baby as analgesia. The patients were also observed for
development of sweating, nausea and vomiting with the vital signs during
recovery phase. Results: there are a significant difference between group
A (Nefopam) and group B (Ketorolac) regarding Numerical rating scale
(NRS) and patient satisfaction. Conclusions: Nefopam is more effective than
ketorolac in controlling pain for patients undergoing cesarean section.

Background: The commonest method to secure airway in general
anesthesia is the use of cuffed Endotracheal Tube (ETT), However the
recovery are often complicated by ETT induced airway and circulatory
reflexes which can lead to potentially dangerous complications. A lot of
studies and researches have been focused on prevention of these emergence

phenomena (EP); nevertheless, the problem is still far from final solution.
Aim: To compare the efficacy of Lidocaine gel vs. Betamethasone gel in
attenuating the ETT induced EP. Patients and methods: 51 patients who were
been chosen for elective intermediate average duration operations and were

in class 1 & 2 of American society of anesthesiologist (ASA). Patients were

randomly assigned to receive Betamethasone gel or Lidocaine gel or normal

saline (NS.) as a lubricant to the endotracheal tube. Coughing &/or bucking at
emergence of anesthesia was evaluated as either present or not by blinded

observer. The patients were also observed for development of hoarseness of
voice and laryngeal spasm along with the vital signs during recovery phase
and observed for sore throat, hoarseness of voice after 1 hr., 6 hrs. and 12
hrs. post-operative .Results: the incidence of sore throat, hoarseness of
voice and cough was lowest in group B (Betamethasone) rather than group

A (Lidocaine) and control group C (Normal saline). Conclusions: Applying
Betamethasone and lidocaine gel on the endotracheal tube is a simple and
effective method of reducing the incidence of post-operative laryngeal
spasm, sore throat, cough and hoarseness of voice in patients under general
anesthesia with endotracheal intubation.