journal of kufa studies center

Through a review of all of the above, we find that reality in its various forms has a source of jurisprudence and jurisprudence , and this is what needs to be put forward with an integrated theory. This source and its great impact on the process of deduction because of its impact on the entire Islamic religion, because Islam is required to present itself at all times and places in a manner consistent with them, and this responsibility lies on the shoulders of the jurist to search for sources that make him able to issue fatwas in line with Islamic principles and civilization Contemporary .

Congregational prayer, which is the establishment of prayer with a group of people following the example of an imam standing in front of them, so the people who line up behind him are called the commissioners, and the prayer is then called congregational prayer, and whoever deliberately left it may lead to the incompletion of his prayer, furry from Imam Jaafar bin Muhammad Al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) in the virtue of congregational prayer that he said: Whoever leaves it out of desire for her and the group of believers without a reason, there is no prayer for him and it increases Congregational prayer is preferred when it is in the Sacred House of God, where the Kaaba that God has made for people to kiss their prayers, whether they are inside or away from the mosque.
In this research, we try to give the geometric interpretation of the prayer in congregation around the Sacred House in the pivotal order, which is rewarding for Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah and not rewarding for the front. In order for congregational prayer to be fulfilled, the Imam must be ahead of those who pray in prayer. The pivotal order of prayer in congregation in the Sacred House of Allah from the point of view of front jurisprudence does not fulfill this condition, but for Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah it is different in that respect. Then we present the geometric solution to the problem of disagreement so that It fulfills the legitimate position of prayer in this holy and honorable place.

The great position imposed by the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in the hearts of Muslims had a great impact on the singing of his virtues and moral features in Arabic poetry in general and in the poetry of early Islam in particular, and this was not out of religious scruples and motivated by obtaining an eschatological reward from God Almighty for being the Messenger of God and the seal of the Prophets and the savior of the servants from misguidance to guidance and faith only, but because they found in the personality of the Prophet the integrated personality that provides a supreme model for man, not as a messenger, but as a messenger, but As a human being above all, and therefore we find that the human dimension of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) took a large space in the poetry of early Islam and we find it more when the poet of the first Prophet, hence the choice of the subject of research in an attempt to clarify that human dimension of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in the poetry of Hassan bin Thabit

The poet's influence on literature was evident through his formulation of reality at the time in various fields socially, artistically, literarily, as well as his fame until his fame exceeded those who preceded him from adults, free imagination, transparent surrealism, investigating the familiar relationships between things, and concepts mixed with winged imagination, features that can be considered one of the most prominent poetic characteristics in the experience of Sohrab Sephhari. Perhaps the reason why his poetic gestures, expressing different themes and contents, are beautiful and endearing to tastes, is his involvement in the process of consciousness that man can have through the sense of sight and the relationships that can be artificially created between various visual elements and components. Thus, the connections between colors, lines, natural shades, the structure and vibrant feeling of objects, along with other factors such as rhythm, climate, time, movement, and the quality and texture of objects, will all work to convey the desired feeling to the recipient.

Poetic vision starts from the self to reach the universe, depends on intuition, imagination and emotion, poetry is founded by vision and language, the establishment of a world and a direction that we have not known before.
Poetry is a vision added to the expression and language, and then the language is not separate from the experience of the poet and his world, it is the origin of his experience, and the poet otherwise approaches the state of the world when he was in the state of nebular before his features are formed .
These poems represent a vivid experience that summarizes the anxiety and turmoil of our modern man with all its momentum of the tension of the creation of experience and rebellion, and represent the most profound and comprehensive attempt of man to grasp the value of his existence in the world and the meaning of the universe that is alive to him.

1) The need for the Iraqi Council of Representatives to amend or delete Article (930/2) of the Iraqi Civil Code, which states : (The agent is required to be sane and discerned, and it is not required to be an adult, so it is correct that the distinguished boy is an agent, even if he is not authorized), and the requirement of puberty in the agent.
2) It is not true that the consensus of comparative civil legislation and comparative Arab jurisprudence, on the adequacy of the age of discrimination in the agent, that it is taken from Islamic jurisprudence, because Islamic jurisprudence is different in this regard, and the prevailing trend requires the age of puberty, especially if we consider that the inclusion of the guardian's permission to complement the lack of eligibility of the distinguished boy, be tantamount to the requirement of puberty, but we believe that this consensus is taken from the French Civil Code, where it states Article (1990) states : (.......Minors authorized to act may be delegated on behalf of third parties, but the principal shall not have a claim on the minor agent except to the extent that he has the capacity to act, otherwise he shall not be liable ......).

There is no doubt that the era we live in is the age of knowledge and the era of information competition, technology and sweeping innovations, which directly or indirectly affected human life, and the progress of societies and countries is measured through their technology, ideas, knowledge and economic growth and the extent of their interest in education and innovation and transforming society into a knowledge society, by achieving the indicators or basic pillars of the knowledge economy . This matter caused an increase in the intensity of competition between the countries of the world, which created a large disparity in the level of achievement of these indicators, which caused a gap called the knowledge gap . Most Arab countries suffer from it .
Hence, this research comes as an attempt to diagnose and measure the size of the knowledge gap and its indicators suffered by the Arab countries compared to foreign countries, and the research included all Arab countries that have data available within the World Bank Knowledge Assessment Program (KAM), which is estimated at (16) countries . One of the most important findings of the research is that there is a large knowledge gap, and the existence of a state of imbalance for the foundations of the knowledge economy, and that there are some Arab countries were able to make efforts that led to raising their global ranks, but these efforts are still weak according to international standards .

The topics of the magazine ((Al-Hira)) short life gave a clear message to the reader that it was not a number added to the Najafi and Iraqi magazines, but is one of the newspapers that added to the intellectual line drawn by the Najafi science magazine, which preceded it in 1910 as it represented the second role of Najafi magazines issued in the twenties of the last century, and established rules in the issuance of Najafi magazines followed in the fourth decade, through its committed line and preamble, which emphasized literature, reform and renewal, and gave clear importance To the students being the first nucleus of building society as it developed the door of Somaya (school section), and it was distinguished from similar newspapers issued at the time with its clear line of guidance and guidance, in order to be a model in building a promising future for the homeland, which is one of the features of consolidating the line of neutrality away from bias and extremism, and believing in the freedom of opinion and the other opinion with its continuous emphasis on respect for personal rights. Therefore, its topics published in its three numbers considered a literary wealth that achieves for researchers their goal in reaching the truth, as it increased the size of the benefit it added to the knowledge of readers, which is evidence that those in charge of preparing it elected the best writers of that era, so it was a model for committed journalism in its first leading role.

The British orientalist Dwight M. Donaldson is one of those who classified a serious study in the twelve imams (peace be upon them) and the history of Shiism, and his study entitled (The Shiite Religion), which was translated under the title of the Shiite Creed, is one of the early orientalist studies that include the life and biography of the twelve imams (peace be upon them) and a study in the historical geography of their shrines in the first half of the twentieth century. In the last chapters of his book, he dealt with the history of Shiism in the fourth century AH, specifically the lesson of The Buyid state then mentioned the beginnings of the collection of hadith among the Shiites and touched quickly on the history of religious sciences and ijtihad among the Imami Shiites from the fall of the Buyid state until the Safavid era and then talked about some of the beliefs of the Imami Shiites such as infallibility and intercession and then talked about some sects that belong to Shiism, especially Ismailis, Babis and Baha'i.
Wrote orientalist Donaldson about Imam Hassan tribe Mujtaba (peace be upon him) in the sixth section of his book a historical narrative of the events of his time and his biography has fallen into serious mistakes and attributed to his person Karim a set of falsehoods and lies of poking pens of power has entered some of them Shiite heritage mentioned these false incomes in Shiite sources as evidence of the validity of his words which are in fact untrue has accused Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) that he lacks moral strength, courage, psychological control and mental ability to lead The Islamic Ummah raised the lie of his multiple marriages and accused him of being divorced and claimed that he was squandering money in his high women's dowries and that his relationship with his father and brothers was not as good. The present research is an attempt to refute these suspicions and lies by presenting these narratives to the reputable sources and scientific analysis to understand the truth.

This study aims to shed light on the impact of climate in urban planning, as the local climate of the city is one of the most natural manifestations affecting urban humans, especially in desert areas, and its impact appears in the form of the city's morphology and the interdependence of its parts, as urban planning for urban design is affected by climate, which is among the important natural factors for a clear relationship between urban shops and climatic regions, Therefore, the study of the city's climate (City Climate) with all its main and important elements is very important in choosing the locations of residential areas, the pattern of planning and the design of their buildings according to the desert privacy, in a way that achieves the most appropriate climatic efficiency for human comfort. Since the city of Zubair is located in a hot and dry desert area, as will be proven later in the climatic elements, urban planning treatments must be followed to face the harsh climatic conditions.

The conditions of geographically affected countries are the most complex conditions of coastal states, despite having a coastal view, they cannot obtain an exclusive economic zone or continental shelf that enables them to benefit from the renewable wealth of the sea and others.
By looking at the criteria of geographical damage, we find that seven coastal countries in the world are more affected by their marine geographical location, as the conditions of geographical damage of these countries compared to the coastal countries benefiting from their location overlooking the seas and oceans have been studied within a geopolitical framework that took it upon itself to identify the problems of geographical damage and the reasons that led to their aggravation, and it has become clear through research that the concept of geographical damage is much broader than what was stated in Article 70 of the International Law of the Sea in 1982 and that the developments witnessed by the world in the fields of technology, economy, maritime transport, and the military aspect have exacerbated the problems of the countries affected geographically.

The effectiveness of pushing the weight is one of the events of the arena and the field that requires a high level of technical performance, which needs a great effort from the teacher and learners to master the performance well and keep it for the longest period of time, and the technical performance of pushing the weight consists of several technical stages, the most important of which is the piste stage and the mode of payment and payment .
The importance of the research lies in working to identify the percentage of learning and retention of students during periods of time, including the technical performance of the effectiveness of pushing the weight to know the feasibility of the curricula used in learning as well as the formation of a future picture of the retention of learning for future periods .

The experience of reverse evaluation is one of the most important experiments applied by the University of Kufa in its quality assurance strategy, and this research tries to study one of the most important paragraphs of the reverse calendar, which is the evaluation of students for teachers, and focusing on unsatisfactory cases that are less than the rate (60%), and although the percentage of those who did not achieve the satisfactory rate is a limited percentage, but the mere existence of such a case is a big problem in the University of Kufa, and that determining the justifications for unsatisfactory cases, and the extent of the evaluation contribution In the process of continuous improvement, all of this calls for review and study. Therefore, this research attempts to conduct a comprehensive review of the reverse assessment over the three years in which the experiment was conducted. The research reached a set of important results, the most prominent of which was the ability of reverse evaluation to support continuous improvement programs at the university, the presence of many justifications that can be related to weak evaluation, the need for serious treatment operations for some of the detected negative cases, so one of the most important recommendations of the research is the need to focus on the scientific material and not on the teaching in the evaluation process, and the adoption of training programs for teachers who have not achieved the required level, and the importance of taking into account scientific specialization In measuring the results of the evaluation, as well as studying all the justifications that are believed to be related to the unsatisfactory evaluation results.