journal of kufa studies center

Sufism is one of the most prominent intellectual currents that have emerged on the Islamic scene and one of the richest ones, and Sufis have contributed to shaping the cognitive landscape of Islamic civilization, especially in its spiritual dimension, as they have written a lot about annihilation, love and witnesses, and their methodology is characterized by adopting the vision of the heart, and dealing with things according to their interiors and unseen realities.
From this point of view, the research stands at one of the most important ideas that the Sufis paid special attention to and treated according to their esoteric vision, namely the nature of their vision of the shrines of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him), which was known in their literature as the theory of (Muhammadan truth).

The life of Imam Sadiq (AS) expanded to include two phases of rule, namely the end of the Umayyad era and the beginning of the Abbasid era, where the two authorities were busy with the affairs of their conflict and confirming or defending their positions, so the Imam enjoyed relative freedom that he invested in teaching various aspects of Islamic knowledge, and if we study his intellectual heritage, we find in him the depth of philosophy and conclusive argument in matters of faith, and from the affairs of life. Or the way he dealt with political issues that are in line with the data of the period, where he was keen to educate his companions in an Islamic way because Islam represents the cultural image in the ideas presented as well as the realistic image of the argument, so the Imam (as) was very keen to pay attention to the questions and answer them without tirelessness or boredom.

This research entitled "Who" between the Qur'anic usage and the understanding of the grammarian is an attempt to highlight some of the aesthetic secrets that the Qur'anic use of the "who" of that beauty that was dispersed by the grammarians of Kufa from the (myth) of the deputation of letters from each other because they withdrew the absolute Qur'anic use on the gender of their limited discourse, and the contradiction occurred, forgetting that the language of the Qur'an has stylistic features that are the secret of its miracle and the basis of its elevation.

It is no secret to any researcher and scholar in the field of Arabic and its sciences that the Qur'anic witness is of great importance, as it proves the correctness of the rule, and strengthens the opinion of the world and what it has said.
Therefore, this research dealt with the guidance of the Qur'anic evidence in his book Lamas. He dealt with the statements of al-Glassi in the Qur'anic evidence, whether they were explicit, or whether he supported the opinion of one of the scholars in directing the witness, or rejected it contrary to another opinion, and explained the reasons that led him to accept or reject it.
Therefore, the search for the Qur'anic evidence cited by al-Ghazali as an example of a ruling or in support of the opinion of a scholar has gone away.

A contract is a legal act based on the will, and the law does not have any legal effect on the will unless that will is free and conscious, which is aware of the content of the disposition, and proceeds to it without coercion, error, injustice, or exploitation, of any will, which is not defective in any defect of consent.

The case of the assassination of journalist Nassib El-Metni was the spark that ignited the feelings of large segments of the Lebanese people, which was resentful of the government's policy at the internal and external levels, especially if we know that Metni was one of the strongest opponents of the government's policy and a supporter of the nationalist trend calling for rapprochement with the United Arab Republic

Many countries and international non-profit organizations have been able to develop their accounting systems through their adoption of the Intergovernmental Accounting Standards in the face of administrative and financial corruption, because of the improvements that these standards provide to the accounting system by adopting the accrual basis in the preparation of financial statements and providing more useful, clear and objective information about the reality of the operations they carry out and the real financial situation. As for the research problem, It was determined that the Iraqi government accounting system only discloses how to dispose of funds (resources, expenditures) and its focus on the control of funds, in a way that does not highlight the extent of the progress made by the state in its development and economic programs, which discloses the extent of the prevalence of administrative and financial corruption in its various agencies. The research aims at the role provided by the Intergovernmental Accounting Standards in reducing administrative and financial corruption. The research concluded with a set of conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which is that the aim of issuing and drafting Intergovernmental Accounting Standards (IGAS) and their Annexes are an initiative to solve accounting problems posed among countries in order to increase the comparability of financial statements, the ability to measure performance, and to provide transparency and accountability for public funds, thus narrowing the scope of choice between accounting policies with different foundations. Therefore, Iraqi professional and supervisory organizations should adopt IPSAS with a view to making improvements in the government accounting system and transitioning to apply the basis of entitlement gradually in a way that contributes to reducing administrative and financial corruption.

The environment is the most complex subject, so that its concept cannot be embodied in isolation from the sum of the elements related to it in air, water, soil, natural resources, energy, living organisms and humans, due to the different nature of the results of the resulting problems and their secretions in the context of research hypotheses and methodological inference, and accordingly, the interests of the biological researcher in the environment differ from the economic and physical because of the difference in research tools because they are the total external conditions that affect the life, growth and survival of the organism.

Shiite religious thought was characterized by moderation and objectivity throughout its history, based on the Qur'anic teachings and the honorable Sunnah of the Prophet applied on the ground by Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) who follow the authentic Sunnah of Muhammadiyah and its speakers to reach the advancement of human society and reform it according to the Holy Qur'an away from ossification and atonement for other religions, taking thought and science as an approach to reach their desired goal in ideological construction, renewal and reform .
The scientific capabilities and spiritual education enjoyed by the reformist Shiite intellectuals obligated us to bear the responsibility of searching for them and introducing their history and efforts aimed at the advancement of the nation and building it scientifically and ideologically, taking in the footsteps of Ahl al-Bayt (peace and blessings be upon them) as a title and a means, multiple factors called for sober scientific research to reveal the efforts of the life of a media in Iraq, who spent his life in the service of science and human values, Sheikh Jaafar Al-Naqi .
Sheikh Jaafar Al-Naqd was born in the city of Iraqi architecture and grew up in a family loving science and knowledge extended a helping hand to him a lot to reach high scientific degrees, especially after his departure with his father to the city of Najaf to preserve the Arab and Islamic heritage throughout its history to draw from its sciences and literature and grew up at the hands of senior scientists and writers in it to become then a diligent religious scientist and a fair judge and a fair historical researcher burdened Arab and Islamic libraries with his valuable writings, as the research consisted of three detectives The first was under the title "His Life and Scientific Tributaries" that helped him reach advanced scientific degrees and the second was under the title "His Effects and Intellectual Products" and the third and last section was under the title "Sheikh Jaafar Critical and Orientalist Thought" in addition to the conclusion and a list of margins.

The history of nations is the human identity that each generation is moving towards the future because of the material and non-material achievements immortalized by this history that are remembered as an ideological component of each nation of the past nations, and for this the heritage of humanity has become a rich land for thought, civilization and renewed culture reflected by historians of that period in their writings and writings.

The current research aims to: 1- Identify the level of existential presence among university students.2- Reveal the significance of differences in the existential presence of university students according to variables: - Gender (males, females), academic specialization (scientific, humanitarian), grades (second, fourth). To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher built a measure of the existential presence of university students; The literature of the existential theory of (Rolo Me), the scale in its final version consisted of (54) items distributed over (3) areas: the private world, the world of society, the relationship of the individual to himself. The researcher applied the scale to a sample of (400) male and female students at the University of Al-Qadisiyah for the academic year (2012-2013) and then analyzed the data using the statistical bag for social sciences (SPSS) and the program (Microsoft Excel), the results were as follows: 1- University students have an existential presence higher than the average.2- There are no statistically significant differences in existential attendance according to gender variables (males, females), and academic specialization (scientific, humanitarian), and grades (second, fourth) for university students. Based on these results, the researcher presented a number of appropriate conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

The current study aimed to identify the impact of the use of probing questions in the development of attitudes of fourth grade scientific students towards renewable energy issues, the research sample consisted of (73) female students of the fourth grade of science for the academic year 2010-2011 in Al-Rabab Preparatory School for Girls, one of the schools affiliated to the General Directorate of Education of Al-Qadisiyah, the selected sample was divided by random appointment method into two equivalent groups, the experimental group, which numbered (38) students studied with probing questions, while the control group that reached the number of Its members (35) students studied in the usual way, as for the study tool, the researchers prepared a measure of the trend towards renewable energy issues, and the number of paragraphs after making amendments to it according to the opinions of the arbitrators (41) paragraphs, distributed over three areas are (cognitive, emotional and propensity) as they verified its sincerity and stability and after applying the experiment and applying the tool and analyzing the data statistically, the results showed that there are statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in the scale of the trend towards renewable energy issues dimension and in favor of The experimental group that was studied according to the probing questions.