Al-Esraa university college journal for medical sciences

The chemical structure of DNA, RNA, Telomeres and Mitochondria and their
principal components are reviewed on the basis of type of chemical bonds and types
of interactions between those components. This study also outlines briefly types of
chromosomes and genes in the cells of some living species including human. An ap-
proach regarding the polymeric nature of DNA is introduced in this study, including
number of units or molecules in the polymer on the basis of unit cell dimensions of
crystalline DNA material. Furthermore, the mechanism of protein synthesis inside
the living cell including the role of DNA and RNA in this respect is discussed.

The effect of a herbal mixture consisting of (Portulaca oleracea seeds or the
so-called berberine, Curcuma, Lepidium sativum seeds and Trigonella) was investi-
gated as a treatment for high blood sugar. Three groups of twenty mice were used
in each of these groups. The first part of this investigation was to study the chemical
properties of these herbs mixture and appeared to us that this herbal mixture con-
tain the following chemicals Saponins, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Glycosides, Tannins in
different proportions. The second part of the investigation concentrated on prepar-
ing three groups of mice each with 20 mouse.
The first group of mice that were given alloxan in order to raise the sugar level
in them and it was considered a positive control group. The second group, included
20 mice too, they were given alloxan in order to raise the sugar content in them and
then they were given a herbal mixture. While the third group, included 20 mice too,
they left without any treatment and was considered as negative control group.
It was observed from this study that the first group had an increase in the
percentage of glucose and HbA1c, while the second group showed that the per-
centage of glucose and HbA1c decreased as a result of giving the treatment. While,
for the third group, the percentage of glucose and HbA1c remained normal because
neither alloxan nor herbal mixture were given (negative control).

The result of microscopic examination of 100 human stool samples
showed that 33% of them were infected with Entamoeba histolytica. The
rate of infection with Entamoeba histolytica in the males was 21% while in
the females was 12% with a significant differences at (P<0.01).The highest
infection rate 12% was found at age >6-10 years, while the lowest rate
4% was found at age group ≥20 years. The highest infection rate 54.54%
occurred in July/2021, while, the lowest 18.18% was reported in January and
February/2021 with significant differences at (P<0.01).The study revealed
that the presence of infections with Entamoeba histolytica in different
locations of Baghdad City. The highest rate of infection13% was recorded in
Abu Gharab hospital followed by Central Child Hospital, Medical city hospital
and Al Rusafa Laboratories, with rates of 6%, 9%, and 3% respectively,
The lowest rate 2% was recorded in Al_Karkh laboratories with significant
differences (P<0.01).

Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem. With all the medical
advances of the century, vitamin D deficiency is still prevailing. Over a billion
people worldwide are Vitamin D deficient or insufficient. In this study data
collected from 58 outpatients Clinic from Bagdad city/Iraq, suffering from
Vitamin D deficiency at different rate. They were either suffer from Vitamin
D deficiency (10-19) ng/ml, insufficient (20-29) ng/ml or some suffer with
sever deficiency< 10ng/ml. This study covered random samples of different
gender (male and female) and from different life style, which include different
symptoms (bone and back pain, tiredness, hair loss and mood improving).
Results showed that women were more accessible than men for
Vitamin D deficiency due to woman loss more Vitamin D through menopause,
pregnancy and lactation period and results showed that patients with age
(40 to 59) year old and (60 to 69) year old were suffering from bone and back
bone pain, were 25% of the sample study were suffering from hair loss. Most
people covered in this study were felling tiredness and headache.
In this study samples collected from patients with Vitamin D deficiencies
were treated by giving dosages of supplement medicine (like Cholecalciferol
and Colecalciferol) to optimize level of 25-OH Vitamin D3. To increase Vitamin
D rate in these patients.
Results also showed that the supplement medicine help and improve
reducing hair loss, bone and back pain within two months of taken it, were
25% of the sample study suffering from felling tiredness and headache which
they start to recovered their health gradually after taken medication within
first and second month of treatment.

المقدمة: يعتبر فقر الدم عند النساء الحوامل من أكثر مشاكل الصحة العامة شيوعا
في البلدان النامية وعادة ما يرتبط بسوء نتائج الحمل حيث يمكن أن يؤدي إلى مضاعفات
تهدد حياة الأم والجنين مما يؤدي الى زيادة معدلات المراض والوفيات ما حول الولادة ومن
أهم عوامل الخطورة التي لها علاقة بفقر الدم اثناء الحمل ويضعف مخزون الحديد في
الجسم، عدم تناول مركبات الحديد خلال الحمل او عدم امتصاصه بسبب تعارضه مع
مركبات اخرى، الالتهابات المزمنة والإصابة بالطفيليات.
الهدف: لتحديد مدى انتشار فقر الدم وعلاقته بعوامل الخطورة بين النساء الحوامل
المراجعات لوحدات الرعاية في مراكز الرعاية الصحية الأولية في دائرة صحة بغداد الكرخ.
طريقة العمل: دراسة وصفية مقطعية تضمنت400 حاملا ممن راجعن وحدات
الرعاية في12 مركز رعاية صحية اولية (تم اختيار3 مراكز صحية عشوائيا من كل
قطاع من القطاعات الاربعة التي تم اختيارها حسب الرقعة الجغرافية) في دائرة صحة
بغداد الكرخ للفترة من شباط -نيسان 2019. تم جمع البيانات من خلال المقابلة
المباشرة للحامل باستخدام استمارة اعدت من قبل الباحثين، تضمنت الاستمارة أسئلة
حول المعلومات الشخصية للحامل، التاريخ التوالدي، العادات الغذائية بالإضافة الى
الالتزام بتناول حبوب الفيروفوليك بعد الشهر الثالث من الحمل كما تم تسجيل نسبة
هيموغلوبين الدم بعد قياسه باستخدام الجهاز المعتمد في المراكز المذكورة، ادخلت
البيانات وتم تحليلها من خلال برنامج احصائي (الحزمة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية
اصدار16). النتائج: بلغ معدل انتشار فقر الدم بين عينة البحث ٪53 وكان في الغالب (٪79)
من النوع المعتدل كما تبين من خلال البحث وجود علاقة احصائية يعتد بها بين فقر الدم
اثناء الحمل وبعض عوامل الخطورة الخاصة بالتاريخ التوالدي (الفترة بين حمل واخر اقل
من سنتين، تعدد الاحمال ) ,العادات الغذائية غير الصحية وعدم انتظام تناول حبوب
الفيروفوليك بعد الشهر الثالث من الحمل.
الاستنتاج: ارتفاع معدل فقر الدم في عينة البحث وعلاقته بعوامل تتعلق بالعادات
الغذائية ,تنظيم الاسرة وعدم عدم انتظام تناول حبوب الفيروفوليك بعد الشهر الثالث من
الحمل تجعل من الضرورة ايجاد برامج صحية فعالة للإرشاد والتوعية الصحية للنساء قبل
الحمل حول العادات الغذائية السليمة واهمية تنظيم الاسرة والمباعدة بين الولادات وخلال
فترة الحمل حول أهمية الالتزام بتناول حبوب الفيروفوليك بعد الشهر الثالث من الحمل.

Background: Bone is a living tissue, it consistently undergoes modeling
and remodeling to withstand growth and functional demands. Differences in
female Hormones influence bone quality and quantity particularly through
post menopause leading to susceptibility to osteoporosis. This is a study of
the effect of osteoporosis on mandibular cortical width in post-menopausal
females to distinguish it from aging effect by using Cone Beam Computed
Tomography (CBCT).
Aims: to distinguish the effect of osteoporosis from the effect of aging on
mandibular cortical bone by using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).
Material and method: group sample composed of 60 Iraqi females
sectioned into 3 groups based upon their age and osteoporosity status that
was estimated by Dual Energy X-ray Absorbometry (DEXA) scan, Group A (20-
30 years, non-osteoporosis), Group B (50years and above, non-osteoporosis),
and Group C (50years and above with osteoporosis), each patient had a
cone beam computed tomography scan, then mandibular cortical width at
mental foramen area was studied among groups. Also Receiver Operating
Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to check Mandibular Cortical Width
diagnostic reliability.
Result: Mandibular Cortical Width showed non-significant difference
between Group1 and Group2, while it showed a high significant difference
between Group2 and Group3. Also ROC curve analysis showed very good
diagnostic reliability.
Conclusion: Mandibular Cortical Width was not affected by ageing
factor, whereas it showed a significant decrease due to osteoporosis effect.

Background: Craniofacial development is complex, and to improve the
quality of life and surgical outcomes for individuals with craniofacial anomalies,
understanding of the basic cell and developmental biology behind pathological
craniofacial development is mandatory. The aim of this study is to correlate between
the morphology of Sella Turcica and mastoid process density among cleft and non-
cleft Iraqi subjects. Materials and Method: Cone-beam computed tomography
images for 110 Iraqi individuals (80 subjects with cleft palate and control group 30
non-cleft subjects) were analyzed automatically by a software program on desktop
computer unit by an expert Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologist. For both groups, Sella
Turcica in Sagittal view of CBCT image was zoomed to recognize the type of Sella
Turcica bridging and to measure its dimensions (Length, Diameter and Height). In
addition, Hounsfield density of mastoid process was recorded by taking mean of
measurements in three points (upper, middle, and inferior areas) inside the mastoid
process. A statistical analysis was applied to correlate between the parameters
measured according to the type of cleft palate and Sella Turcica bridging using
Statistical Package for social Science (SPSS version 21, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Results:
In the control group, dimensions of Sella Turcica were found to be higher than those
with cleft palate which are significant in length and diameter and not significant in
height. Also it was found that Type 2(Partial calcification in which the length was
equal to or less than three fourths of the diameter). ST bridging is higher in this study
group than that of the control by 15%. In addition, in this study, an important finding
was shown, the density values of mastoid process in Hounsfield Units (HU) are higher
significantly in the study than those in the control group alongside a strong correlation
with cleft type, the density value of mastoid process will increase according to cleft
side. Conclusion: Significant differences were observed in the morphology of Sella
Turcica between subjects with and without cleft palate which have a strong relation
to the density of mastoid process. It is necessary to correlate between the anatomical variations in growth and development of craniofacial structures to reach the precise
diagnosing improving oral and maxillofacial health care.