Al-Esraa university college journal for medical sciences

According to World Health Organization (WHO), four people are killed
every week by electrocution in the last decade while 3% of people (suffered
from electrical injuries) were admitted to emergency wards.
The severity of electric injury depends on the electrical resistance of
the human body which depends upon several factors such as the long
duration of electric contact, type of the current (AC or DC), intensity of
the current (amperes/voltages), sites of entry and exit points, wet or dry
body, individual metabolism of the person, sweat glands activity, human
body mass, type of the tissue it travels through and its resistance, the
amount of lipids and fats in that tissue and the general health of the
person.

Entry and exit sites of an electric current are confusing since the electric
current changes direction many times during entering the body depending
on the resistances of tissues and organs.
The survival of the person depends solely on the efficiency and rapidity
of medical treatment especially as the liver as the first organ suffered from
an electric shock and should be evaluated first. In most cases, the liver
showed portal vein thrombosis, biliary duct enlargements with beginning of
cholangitis (inflammation of a bile duct) and pneumobilia (A presence of air
bubbles in the biliary tree). The presence of air bubbles leads to inflammatory
and the presence of bacteria inside biliary tree
The brain will not be affected by an electric shock unless the entry
point was the head. Otherwise, an electric shock will daze the person or can
short-term amnesia, respiratory arrest or seizure, while the heart is sensitive
to an electric shock that will disrupted the heart rhythm and burned soft tissues and decreased blood pressure which affected electrolytes balance
which lead to the failure of the kidneys.
The kidney is the only organ responsible for the removal of all damaged
tissues of the skin and other organs of the body which will put a heavy load
on the functions of the kidneys, especially the removal of all fatty deposits
It is very hard to diagnose long-term effects of electric shock on the
human body, but in general, the victim will feel eye problems, generalized
pain and joint stiffness with itching. The victim will face psychological effects
such as reduced cognitive abilities, post-trauma stress disorder (PTSD) and
anxiety

The current study aims to optimize a fast, reproducible, reliable, and effective
technique for estimating the biological activity of Vitamin B2 in injectable dose form
using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), a
biodegradable polymer that has been approved as an active ingredient for parenteral
administration, the vitamin loaded in PLGA (Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) 50:50 type,
and the injection volume was 1mg of prepare. Rats, both male and female, were
employed as the animals. Individually, the duration time of the hosted animal
reached 40 days, and the activity of vitamin B2 was recorded in rapid hours through
six weeks by HPLC device of plasma sample, the results indicate that all formulations
batch response continuously through forty days, with the best one detected
according to drug bioavailability with inside the permitted range, the best
performance mentioned at Fabs reached 108 percent.

Background: Both hard and soft periodontal components require hyaluronic
acid (HA) for extracellular matrices to function properly. HA is crucial to understanding
how inflammation and wound healing work. Different amounts of HA are found in
periodontal tissues, including non-mineralized tissues like gingiva and periodontal
ligament, and lesser levels in mineralized tissues like cementum and alveolar bone.
Preliminary research indicates that HA can control periodontal tissue regeneration
and treat periodontal disease. In both deeper periodontal tissues and marginal
gingiva, HA helps to relieve symptoms.
Aims: This research aimed to detect the influence of hyaluronic acid 1% gel as
an adjunctive therapy on gingival crevicular fluid flow rate in patients with plaque-
induced gingivitis.
Materials and methods: Throughout the study, fifty male patients with (PIG)
were enrolled (25 per group) with an (18 to 30 years old) median age. They were
split into two groups: (G1) scaling and receiving treatment with chlorhexidine, and
(G2) scaling and receiving treatment with hyaluronic acid. 0.1 with 0.20 percent gel
of chlorhexidine. For a week, patients were directed to use the Hyaluronic acid gel
to massage their gingiva twice daily.
Results: At zero time and day seven, GCF was obtained using paper strips (PS)
from four sampling tooth locations. The median GCF volume (ul) values at 0 time
demonstrated that statistically speaking, between the two groups. The hyaluronic
acid gel group, however, displayed significantly reduced GCF volume at day 7 post-
treatment. Comparing the Hyaluronic acid gel group to the Chlorhexidine group,
Hyaluronic acid gel treatment significantly reduced GCF volume (ul).
Conclusion: Comparing the Hyaluronic acid (G2) group to the Chlorhexidine
group, the Hyaluronic acid (G2) treatment was significantly more effective at
reducing GCF volume (ul) (G1).

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gut disorder that affects
approximately 11% of the global population and negatively affects the quality
of life of patients and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden. Control-
based study was conducted on 42 Iraqi patients with IBS who were presented
at private clinics for gastrointestinal diseases (GIDs), along with 20 healthy
individuals matched in their age and gender to act as control group. The
study aimed to determine the frequency of IBS among Iraqi patients, as well
as the influence of biomarkers on disease's initiation, type and severity such
as (IL-1ß, anti- Cytolethal distending toxin B 'Anti-CdtB', and histamine). The
results showed that constipation subtype of IBS is the most frequent among
patients, and females constitute the majority of IBS patients with female:
male ratio about 2.23: 1. The levels of IL-1ß, anti-CdtB, and histamine are
significantly elevated in the serum of IBS patients when compared to their
levels in control group. In patients' group, anti-CdtB showed significant
positive correlation with their level of histamine, while correlation between
anti-CdtB and IL-1ß as well as between histamine and IL-1ß are not significant.
It can be concluded that anti-CdtB may act as a key player in IBS pathogenesis
after disruption gut microbiota which needs further investigation.

Neurotransmitters travel through synapses released by neurons. The
DNA inside the neurons does not replicate since it arrests in G1 phase of the
cell cycle which explains the absence of replication since DNA replication
occurs during S phase which is preceded by G1 phase.
Experiments show that environmental factors can influence the DNA
code were tried in both plants and animals kingdoms in last two centuries
with great success leading to the belief that environmental factors can force
the brain to send signals (neurotransmitters) to somatic cells.
The next question will be "Is the power of thinking and reasoning are
found in the code of DNA or are they are byproducts produced by the
functions of the neurons?
Biotechnology and nano-biotechnology techniques show that (the
experiences of life) can switch on/off the DNA expression in neurons which
lead to change the way that brain operates.
One hypothesis was assumed that all (changes of DNA expression)
occur via a synaptic junction that means that the degree of on (excitatory)
versus off (inhibitory) signals determines whether the neuron will be excited
to release its neurotransmitter or be inhibited and inactive.
An (electromagnetic field) hypothesis follow (The inverse square law)
indicate that the electromagnetic field is exponential, and this was followed by
other hypotheses that try to explain the adaptation of genes of Homo sapiens
comparing with adaptation of genes from other mammals during evolution.
This hypothesis claimed that the regulation of genes (gene expression) play a
key role that separate (Homo sapiens) from other mammals which means the
presence of "gene activators and gene dimmers", and not (their gene sequence). One of the main obstacles is that (Gene regulatory elements) are often
a few nucleotides long, which prevent them for calculating and estimating
(the acceleration rate) from a statistical point of view.
Researchers suggest that during life-threating accidents, the brain, in
order to remember previous experiences, will double-strand break (DSB) the
DNA inside neurons to induce rapid gene expression. Those genes produced
new connections with cells through synapses, a phenomenon known as
(Synaptic plasticity) which plays an important role in learning and saving long
and short memories, but more researches are needed to explore the different
aspects of synaptic plasticity.

Thisstudyproposed toanalyze chloramphenicol(CPA), sulfamethoxazole
(SMX) and sulfanilamide (SNA) drugs by reverse phase liquid chromatography
method in the form of pharmaceutical preparations and synthetic mixture.
For this method, column C18-ODS (25 cm x 4.6 mm) was used with an
isocraticelution mobile phase composed ofmethanoland2%orthophosphoric
acid, fluorescent detector (Ex= 310 nm, Em= 440 nm). It was found that the
time of retention for CPA, SMX, and SNA 8.99 ± 0.02, 10.76 ± 0.2, and 8.21 ±
0.2 min. respectively. The suggested method has been validated for limit of
detection, limit of quantitation, linearity, Accuracy and Precision. The method
is sensitive with a detection limit (0.016 ppm, 0.044 ppm and 0.184 ppm) for
CPA, SMX, and SNA respectively. The method accuracy 100.0% and the
precision of this method that reflects by Coefficient of variation (CV) for the
repeats is (0.002, 0.002 and 0.0025) for CPA, SMX, and SNA respectively. For
routine analysis purposes, this method can monitor the drugs in the ingested
pharmaceutical preparations.