Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The music of poetry is one of the most prominent particularities which distinguishes
the poetry from other types of speech. It also has been considered under different titles,
by many literaties, just because the poetry would always need the music. A question
would arise in here: is it possible to restrict the music of Arabic poetry only to prosodic
rhythms and limit it to prosody, or could the poet just compose a poetry beyond the
prosodic measures while still has its own music?
This article tries to answer this question through inspecting some instances of poets
works. These instances include: elegy or qasida_ muwashshah - zajal-band and blank
verse.
We can find the fact that the musical diversity can be achieved both inside and outside
of the prosodic circles. It is also possible to synthesize prosodic meters with each other
in an elegy to reach the purpose and experience novel meters called new-found meters.
As the result of these experiences we can rely on the music of Taf’ilah (the formative
basis of a verse) and by transforming the music of the poetry enrich the poetry songs.
We shall notice this musical transformation in Arabic poetry which has passed through
many changes from past times up to now. This is an important and necessary matter for
any researcher who deals with any aspects of the poetry research and poetic cases

at some moment of humanity history , Ikhwan Al-Safa realized, that they should have
an effective voice in life and society ,that was through letters placed by them, these letters had
effect much more beyond the historical period in which these letters were set. therefore, Ikhwan
Al-Safa letters had the magnificence since the last quarter of the 4th HJ century, they referred
to the aim of these letters as "Disciplining the souls, Ethics reform in order to reach to the Great
happiness ,Great Majesty and Perpetual stay"
their method is the regularity of Greek philosophy and Shariah, in order to get
perfection, because the believed "Shariah treatment of Healthy people, while philosophy is the
treatment for ill people "Prophets treat patients to stop their illness from increasing, until they
are recovered, but philosophers maintain the heath from being ill" . And they saw (that wisdom
is to imitate the god as per human energy. which means) one's science should be real, and his
made is perfect , his actions are good, his manners are beautiful,And his opinion are correct, and
clean treatment , and his Overflow on others is always, and so is god"
Since the need for aesthetic, general and inclusive and deeply linked to contemporary
human life, due to the importance of what these letters contained of ideas and knowledge in the
field of beauty and art
We decided to study these ideas under Ikhwan Al Safa philosophy of art and beauty title.
Our goal in this illustrating the Arabic and Islamic library that with useful and unique,
because th subject is so far has not been studied independently, hoping we success in that . in
order to explain a circle of the beauty concepts and its development at Arabs and Muslims, and
that required research brief, followed by two themes:
First: Ikhwan Al-SAFA philosophy of beauty and art .
II: Ikhwan Al-Safa ' theory of art and includes principles and application.
The tabulation above that research aims to expose the standards in the philosophical
thought of the Ikhwan Al-SAFA

In the name of Allah the Merciful This paper deals with " pay damage the suspects
and their applications jurisprudential base"
To the effect " is that if the damage endured in the work of the business must pay the
accession the believer " . And mind riding the damage to pay the suspects, if it does not
transfer and improvement Altaqbih mental clarity confined to his rule by the owners.
Advantaged and al-Qaida are suspicions wisdom before the examination should be in
charge of the examination even despair, and then end up assets to the operation,
according to the rule base is the truth should be the examination.The research
methodology is based on dividing the four demands.
The first requirement : eating Qaeda on the one hand the definition of language and
terminology.
The second requirement : aware and evidence-Qaeda
Third requirement: Rod and base Fbh punishment without a statement on the
payment of the damage the suspects base.
Fourth requirement: doctrinal applications on the base.
Find and we ended with a summary of the most important results, in addition to
index margins.

Through this overview available we have about Abu Bakr Almadhirai we have to
say about one of the important figures who served as minister and a writer and
supervisor of the works of Egypt and Syria and Mtula to abscess Egypt, he went to
Egypt with the God of Ahmed bin Ali Almadhirai and his brother Abu Tayeb year 272
AH / 886 AD and from here began Almadhiraiaon a reputation in Egypt and has the
qualities and virtues of the money has not owned one before, but he had been
confiscated his money the state of the abscess and now has enemies, but he was able to
compete with them and removes their danger, and when the state Tulunid fell and the
state Ikhshidid Abu Bakr continued Almadhirai minister Akhchid and his son Anujur
bin Akhsheed, and died in Egypt in the month of Shawwal 345 AH / 957 AD.

Political relations in Islam title careful reflects the need renewable for your kind
understanding the values preached by Islam in international relations and the start of
the study of logical postulate agreed upon the mind and transport and is, that this
message Conclusion any: (message of Islam) came humanity for the good, and it
simplified the speech of love and peace in the ground on the basis of the interests of
the people, and that the origin of balance in international relations, respect and
mutual interests, not strife and wars, no doubt, that does not negate the right of the
nation in the face of international threats and challenges.

This research aims to the impact of the religious authority follow in the political
events in Iraq during the First World War, and culminated in the position of the
harbingers established a greater role in the years following the war, both those
represented by the fact that a number of uprisings against occupying such as Najaf
uprising British authority Najaf in 1918 or the fact that Iraq's major liberal revolution on
the thirtieth of June 1920.
Within this context revealed British documents is published on the seriousness of the
role that the contribution of the religious authority and its men who have issued calls for
jihad, and declared fatwas, which called for the lifting of arms against the British
occupiers, who had wanted to tie Iraq to India, and turn it into a British colony to take
advantage of its wealth and harness his people to serve the effort British military during
and after the war.
These British documents include documents of the Ministry of British India (India
Office Records) British and documents of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Foreign
Office) which were copies of which exist in the National Library in Baghdad in the
years of the eighties of the twentieth century before being National Library of sabotage
and arson, which affected the scientific institutions Cultural and after the 1991 and 2003
events.

This research deals with the political role of one of the pioneers of American policy
in the nineteenth century, John Caldwell Calhoun, and his ideas and philosophy in
addressing the central issues in the domestic and foreign policy of the United States of
America by virtue of the important sites that filled namely: Member of the Legislative
Council of the State of South Carolina between 1807-1811 , a member of the House of
Representatives between 1811-1817, Secretary of the Treasury between 1817 - 1825,
Vice President between 1825-1832, a member of the Senate between 1833-1850,
Foreign Minister between 1844-1845.

The research deals with the study of establishing the rehabilitative school which was
founded after freeing it by Salah Al-deen Al-Ayoubi in (583 A.H/1187 A.C) during
which many schools were established among which is the above – mentioned school.
The research includes many points as: naming, geographical site, the stages that preceed
the establishment of the school, the school endowment, the architecture of the school,
and the most important results reached.

The commercial activity in the Mediterranean had a major impact in Emirates
Crusades in Levant country fell by Al- Mamluks hand , however , the competition was
at its peak between the European Emirates particularly among Italian republics marine ,
which influence the internal situation and there were disputes between Crusades
Emirates in the levant country resulting to weakness on the other side , were badtreatment and abuse that Crusaders showed against traders and farmers on the other
hand , the alliances that had Crusades tried to contract with the Mongols Knight, the
first enemy of the Mamluks of a third hand , these factors prompted the state of AlMamluks to undertake military operation to eradicate the Emirates country during the
second half from the seventh century(A.H.)

It had a history of Iraq under British occupation with great interest by historians and
authors Iraqis and foreigners broadly. And it puts a lot of literature that discussed
various aspects of life in Iraq.
Our study and received a personal British officer, Captain (Jffers) which shows us
suddenly as sources pointed out after the failure of the movement of Rashid Ali alKilani I join with the British forces that came from India and landed in Basra and
occupied then headed north to the city of Nasiriyah also Vaanltha. The forces that
accompanied Jffers in Ur, near the city of Nasiriyah was stationed.
We have adopted in this research heavily on the accounts of people who witnessed
the incident or heard it from the people of the city of Nasiriyah, where we met the
lawyer for Mr. Shaker Gharbaoui, one of the families known in Nasiriyah where
provided us with valuable information was given another dimension is the military
dimension.
As we met with Mr. Hussein's lawyer Jamil, who was seconded to investigate the
case of the murder when he was governor Jffers achieve in Diwaniya, where provided
us with drafts of his papers own investigation conducted and maintained by more than
seventy-year-old record.

Vegetable Agriculture regard with it Various , Demand to People Needs Fromm the Food
in Rur which cultivate it, moreover supply Neighbor cities people, Today become accessed
Political borders for export operation, Proof that are Imports by Iraq from Neighbor
country, during decade After destruction of the Agriculture with Economic, Political
situation of Iraq. So that start the applied studies search to focus on Possibilities and
difficulties Important with cultivate this crops Important. As study Ramadi Rur have
populated with city grow in Population and human activities. Study aim to test of Climate
possibilities ( Isolation, Temperature, Winds, Rain for period (1981 – 2012) on study area
which consist of (31) county, with area (730651 ) It try benefit from this ) possibilities in
count (Evaporation, Water palance, Agglomeration, Temperature ) to this crops, Al though
most study are part of cultivate Possibilities this crops which need to set the other factors
with Climate to complete the experience, then success the Agriculture areas. That resulted
to increase the province Economic specially and Iraq generally. We hope this case Transfer
to export after efficiently bemuse the province shares borders with Arab countries

The increasing of temperature now a day is a world wide phenomenon. This
phenomenon is known with many terms and the most familiar is the concept of " global
warming " . The reasons beyond this phenomenon are many ; some says that it is due to
the increasing emanation of polluted gases of the gas cover . On the top of these gases is
CO2 which is due to the physical and other human factors . Especially after the
industrial era .An international rapid efforts has been done especially from the United
Nations organization and its institutions which started from the middle of the last
century to study this phenomenon in order to find a successful way to solve this
problem put in spite of these efforts the worriedness of the dangerous of this
phenomenon still dominant in the world due to the industrial countries that are not
obligate to find a rational way to reduce of the emanation of polluted gases , so the
future point that planet of Earth will really facing environment disaster.

The study takes in to consideration studying the Adequacy of primary stage education
at Baquba city by using Iraqi planning critters of education and Lareaing for the years
2009-2010-2019-2020 at the variables which appear by preparing the pupils and
teachers studying classes schools areas undepeudens of school and building conditions
to know the range of pupils getting the educational services. It was concluded that
despite the spread of primary schools in all districts of the city, but it exceeded the
capacity of in terms of the number of pupils in the school or division, which led to the
building works at more than one school.

This research aims to identify the actual reality of the science information marketing
services in the university libraries: Central Library in Sana'a University a model, the
fact that the science of integrated cycle of activity begins with setting the beneficiary
groups and to identify their needs through the design and production of information
services that meet the needs and the end of all means of announced,
Through technical skills and quality in Marketing from the staff as well as to identify
the development of this marketing in libraries during deviate stages of studies since the
fifties even atheist and the beginning of the 21st century; In addition to identifying
means of information marketing services which would at least for the rest of the goods,
but they do not perish, But grow and renewed, as a result of what was information
technology produced, and its role in marketing speed.
Has used the historical method (documentary), relied on primary, secondary sources,
and the relevant literature. Research reaches a number of conclusions and
recommendations, as research noted at the end of this research to the positive aspects
and shortcomings

Scientists said that the last century is the century of progress and modernity and
scientific and technological development, in contrast is a century of wars and
international ideological conflicts, but the invasion and the destruction of cultures and
the bombing minds and washed, and human soft weapons any media and propaganda
and psychological warfare are built to the tame peoples Instead of blood that Ahidrth
military machine managed media and tools to tame the minds and dominate the
destinies of peoples, he was able to finish and the abolition of borders and bring down
the political systems, geo-political and buried and national sovereignty, nationalism and
national cultures has resulted in high technology and its applications storm in the field
of media and applications of other mass communication, and social, cultural, political
transformations great to difficult and perhaps impossible to media isolation . And
increasing attraction to the media as sources of knowledge in our time, which increases
the needs of the media of different social segments vary due to vibration of a lot of
constants and not to resolve a lot of issues and a lack of practical answers to many
questions, and has become the Arab media in the global process of competition, and
even the regional because, for reasons subjective and objective, does not possess the
elements and accessories big change, that's what led to the isolation from the home fans
after he remained isolated from reality, and this is what has increased its crisis unit and
complex, especially the security challenges that gripped the system of Arab as a whole
... and build on what progress live current Arab media reality Mozuma objective and
subjective reasons pushed the emergence of problematic in the Arab media relationship
Bmojtmath increases this dilemma unit and complicated security challenges and will try
in this research to identify and clarify the most important reasons and the factors that
contributed to the emergence of the Arab media crisis in general, the security of the
Arab and variable especially the aggravation. And so out of the fact that the problematic
relationship between the Arab media system and society and security challenges are not
only one of the manifestations of this crisis and its manifestations.

To uncover the current research on the art of post-modern trends in graduation Fine
for the students of Department of Art Education / Faculty of Fine Arts / University of
Baghdad 2010-2011 projects, of (10) plates research sample, have been analyzed in the
light of the analysis form that has been built on as According to the literature of the
theoretical framework and indicators and reported researcher from previous studies, and
highlighted the findings of the research results is the following: that the graduation
projects Fine characterized by substantive and technical characteristics of the directions
Arts postmodernism, and that most of these works of art students were characterized by
technical characteristics and technology within the direction of expressionism abstract
specifically

This paper investigates gemination which is a phonetic phenomenon in English and
Arabic .It is concerned with true geminates and fake geminates phonetically ,true
geminates which are found in Arabic are long segments which contrast with short ones
, thus Arabic speakers have a phonemic length contrast since they treat long and short
versions of the same sound as distinct categories . In contrast, fake geminates which are
found in Arabic, but in English are called so because they are phonetically long but their
length does not serve as a phonetic contrast .The research aims at revealing the
difference in the achievement of the Arab and British undergraduate students of
English when pronouncing Arabic true geminates and English fake geminates .It also
aims to point out the effect of the intrinsic difference that concerns gemination in both
languages . The third aim of this paper is to find out the type of English fake geminate
which has more difference in the achievement of the subjects involved in this research
.On the light of these aims three hypotheses were set .To carry out this research ,ten
Iraqi (Arab ) undergraduate students of English from University of Anbar (4th year
students ) were chosen besides ten British undergraduate students of English(4th year
students ) from Essex University .The subjects involved in the study have to participate
in two tests .In the first ,they have to pronounce twenty Arabic words (single and
geminate),whereas in the second test ,they have to pronounce thirty words about the
types of English fake geminates ,ten words were selected for each type .The study
arrives at certain findings and conclusions .

Autonomous learner refers to learner independence; self-access learning, self-paced
learning and distant learning emphasize a shift of attention to learner-oriented approach
to language learning. In this approach, learners take the responsibility of their own
learning, learn at their own pace and use their own strategies. ―autonomy learning
indicates a number of dimensions in which learners move away from dependence on the
teacher and take responsibility for their learning and work in partnership with tutors and
other students and learn to learn; develop key transferable skills (e.g., study, timemanagement, interpersonal skills etc; actively manage their learning; seeking out
learning opportunities and using appropriate learning strategies ; involve themselves in
an interactive process in which they set short and long term learning objectives, reflect
on and evaluate progress."
In addition, autonomy for the language learners has been described as a process that
enables learners to recognize and assess their own needs, to choose and apply their own
learning strategies or styles eventually leading to the effective management of learning‖.
The present study aims at assessing EFL teachers' at intermediate level employment
of the techniques in automatic learning. It hypothesized that EFL teachers at
intermediate level don't employ the techniques that are related to autonomy learning. To
achieve the aim of the present study a checklist in its final form has been administered
twice by observer and co observer.
Results obtained by statistical treatment of data have shown that, EFL teachers do
not employ techniques of automatic learning. In the light of results, some
recommendations and suggestions have been stated for further studies.

Tasavvuf cereyanı Türk Edebiyetı Tarihinde büyük bir yer tutmaktadr. Bu
cereyandan etkilenen ve tasavvuf ilk elerini benimseyen bir çok Ģair yetiĢmiĢtir. Bu Ģairler
fiirlrninde taĢavvuf konusunu iĢlemiĢlerdir. YetiĢ bu Ģairler içinde. Büyük üne sahip olan,
ve Halk tarafından benimsenen yunus Emre'dir.
Bu araĢtırmamızda bu zatı ele alacagîz ve elimizden geldiği kadar anlatmaya
çalıĢacağız