Kerbala Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences

Background: Hemodialysis serves as a main treatment method for these patients. It results in several complications like fatigue and decreased activities of daily living. Legs strength exercises are an effective method to minimize fatigue and for improving activities of daily living. Method: A purposive (non-probability) sample consists of 137 patients selected from patients with CKD who are undergoing HD and were treated at Imam Al-Hussein in Habib Ibn Mudaher center and hemodialysis wards of Imam Al-Hassan Al-Mujtaba Teaching Hospital in Holy Kerbala. The data were collected through interview using two scales that are socio-demographic and clinical data Questionnaire and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) Fatigue Scale (Version 4) and The data were analyzed and interpreted using of the application of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. Result: the study group showed a significant reduction in fatigue, with mean scores dropping from 39.60 (SD = 6.702) pre-test to 3.33 (SD = 2.832) post-test, Conversely, the control group\'s showed no improvement, with the mean fatigue score increasing slightly from 40.95 (SD = 4.386) in the pre-test to 41.84 (SD = 3.031) in the post-test. Conclusion: legs strength exercises were beneficial in decreasing fatigue level in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Background: One of the most prevalent issues in infants has a major impact on the mortality and morbidity of neonates. Neonatal jaundice (NNJ). Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of different feeding methods in preventing neonatal jaundice, and to investigate the relationships between mothers’ experiences with neonatal jaundice and their sociodemographic variables. Methods: There is a quantitative descriptive study (cross-sectional) conducted in Karbala Teaching Hospital for Children in Holy Karbala City in Iraq for the period of 28th December 2024 to 2th February 2025. Nonprobability (convenience) sample of 130 mothers of with neonatal jaundice. A pilot study is used to assess the questionnaire\\'s reliability, and a panel of experts is used to determine the questionnaire\\'s content validity consisted from (11) experts. Data were analyzed and interpreted through use application of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 26.0. Results: The total maternal age shows a significant positive relationship with experience (r=0.346, p=0.001). Similarly, a mother\\'s level of education (r=0.397, p=0.001). Mothers\\' occupation (r=0.252, p=0.004). Mothers have moderate (46.9%) to good (49.2%) levels of previous experience. There is a significant difference in feeding methods for preventing neonatal jaundice: breastfed (73.17), bottle-fed (63.39), and mixed-fed (63.88) infants. Conclusion: The outcome of the current study shows significant relationships between mothers\\' experience and various sociodemographic variables. Mothers\\' previous experience regarding neonatal jaundice ranged from moderate to good. Recommendations: Educating mothers by implementing educational programs for mothers about neonatal jaundice. Promoting proper feeding practices, encouraging mothers to exclusively breastfeed.

Background: To highlights the importance of understanding how health motivation influences the adherence to cervical cancer screening among female staff at the University of Kerbala. The aim of this study is to examine the role of health motivation in enhancing adherence to cervical cancer screening among female staff at the University of Kerbala. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study design was conducted among 285 female staff at Kerbala University, Iraq. Participants aged 20-65 years, using simple random sample to choose the participants. Data were collected using the validated scale of the Health Motivation, based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), was used in this study to assess the role of health motivation in adherence to cervical cancer prevention strategies and scale from previous studies to assess the adherence to preventive screening. Demographic data were also collected. Results: increase health motivation is associated with a probability increase cervical cancer its adherence to preventive screening (R2= 0.033).In contrast, adherence to preventive screening is primarily moderate (57.2%), with a mean score of 15.97±3.113. High adherence is seen in 20.7% of respondents, while 22.1% show low adherence. Conclusions: The significant role of health motivation in shaping attitudes and behaviors towards cervical cancer prevention suggests that interventions targeting motivation can have a substantial impact on health outcomes.

Heart failure (HF) can be defined as a complex clinical syndrome, which might result from any structural or functional heart disorder affecting the ventricular filling or the ejection of blood into systemic circulation. Sepsis represents a potentially fatal organ infection that results from a dysregulated host organ response to infections. Finding the most prevalent bacterial species causing sepsis in HF patients and figuring out their pattern of antibiotic susceptibility in Karbala city were the goals of the presented research. Methods: The research was conducted at the Imam Hussain Medical City Hospital's Heart Center in Karbala between January and August of 2024. Following being admitted to the cardiac care unit, 25 patients with HF and bacterial infection and 25 patients with bacterial blood infections who did not have HF had 10 milliliters of venous blood drawn. Results: After the samples were cultured on different conditions to detect bacteria, antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted. Were number of Gram negative bacteria =14 and Gram positive bacteria =11 in the group with infection without heart failure, while the number of Gram negative bacteria =16 and Gram positive bacteria =9 in the heart failure group with infection and the most common genius in infection group was Klebsiella pneumoniae which accounted for 8 (16%) isolates While, the most common genius in heart failure with infection group was Staphylococcus hominis which accounted for 5 (10%) isolates, all isolated species were found to be resistant to Ciprofloxacin (80%) in both groups and all isolated species were sensitive to Pefloxacin, Colistin, Ampicillin, Vancomycin, Linezolid and Streptomycin. Conclusion: The study concluded that the most common types of bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus hominis in the group of patients with and without heart failure, and the isolated bacteria were highly resistant to some antibiotics and highly sensitive to others.

Listeria monocytogenes constitutes a significant concern to food safety, particularly in refrigerated ready-to-consume products. With the increasing consumer demand for natural preservatives and minimally processed product compositions, investigation of plant-derived antimicrobial compounds has gned considerable interest. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of six plant-derived bioactive compounds: xanthohumol and alpha acids from hop (Humulus lupulus), oleanolic acid and tyrosol from olive (Olea europaea), and two sage (Salvia officinalis) extracts (SAL FR2 and Rosmarinic acid). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using broth microdilution assays, while growth kinetics and viability analyses provided additional insights into their mechanisms of action. Our findings highlight the efficacy of xanthohumol and oleanolic acid as potential candidates for incorporation into natural food preservation systems. Detled analysis of dose-response relationships, bacterial membrane integrity, and synergistic antimicrobial effects expands our understanding of these agents. This study supports the application of these natural compounds in food safety interventions.

Background: Mothers have a body of knowledge that directly affects children's health, this knowledge is often shaped by factors such as education, standard of living, and economic status. Objective: To evaluate mother Knowledge, And to find relationship between knowledge and sociodemographic data. Method: A cross sectional study was done covering mothers living in an urban community of kerbala from 2nd December 2024 to 1st April 2025. A total of three primary health center were included in that area. Convenience sampling was used to select the participants. A pre- tested questionnaire was used for data collection from 213 mothers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean (SD) and percentages. Chi square test and t test were used for analysis. P value of <0.05 will be considered as statistically significant. Result: The level of knowledge of mothers related to child care with common health problems, it shows that there are significant as the percentage of those with a good level of knowledge reached (65.7%). And shows that there are significant statistical differences between the knowledge of mothers in the urban group and each of their following demographic characteristics: Age (p=0.007), educational level (p=0.005. Conclusion: The study indicates a substantial proportion of mothers have good knowledge regarding child healthcare and present relationship between mother knowledge and demographic data.

The clotting qualities of three pharmaceutical plants green tea, jalapeño peppers, and turmeric root vegetables are investigated during this investigation. The anticoagulant effectiveness associated with the plant's hot water extraction (THWE) has been examined by evaluating the coagulation time. The turmeric extract demonstrated a slight significant difference among the volumes of 0.5 ml and 1 ml and an apparent significant variance within the volumes of 0.5 ml and 1.5 ml, the green tea extract also demonstrated an important distinction among the amount present of 1.5 ml that contained the substance and the one in the control tube. Additionally, the pepper extract demonstrated a significant distinction across the volumes of 0.25 ml and 0.5 ml and a clear significant difference between the volume of 0.5 ml and 1 ml. The aforementioned plants could be offering alternative methods for controlling blood coagulation and lowering the risk of clot-related illnesses because of various bioactive components. recommended to conduct further research targeting such medicinal plants that have a significant impact on human health, includes more investigation into their modes of action and therapeutic uses is required.

Growth mindset is a concept that is extensively discussed in the literature in function of different other psychological concepts, such as self-efficacy. While international research supported the interplay between these concepts, there remains a lack of evidence in the literature regarding this association in the context of Iraq. Thus, the main objective of this study is to assess the levels of growth and fixed mindsets in nursing staff and their levels of self-efficacy. Moreover, this study aimed to examine the correlation between these concepts, especially in Kerbala City, Iraq. Methodology: Using a retrospective quantitative approach, the present study was done from October 2024 till July 2025, over the given duration the data was collected among nurses working in private and public hospitals in the chosen city. The data was collected using a questionnaire having scales to assess growth mindset and self-efficacy highlighting some demographic variables of the participants. To analyze data, SPSS software was utilized.
Results: The results of this research showed that 52.5% of nurses had growth mindset, compared to 47.5% who had fixed mindset. In addition, self-efficacy was shown to be high, with a mean score equals to 39.20+/-6.33 over 50. In addition, age and gender were found to be significantly associatedwith self-efficacy, with older nurses and male nursing having higher scores too. Correlation analysis showed that nurses with fixed mindset reported higher self-efficacy levels compared to nurses with growth mindset. Conclusion: the results of this current study confirm the direct association between mindset and self-efficacy. Further research is needed to explore these dynamics in a longitudinal way and across different regions.