Journal Of Educational and Psychological Researches

The aim of the research is to develop specific skills of 21 century, one schedule, renewable: (sex, years of experience, academic degree) from the viewpoint of the research sample. The descriptive tool was used to collect information for research purposes. It was applied to a sample of (339) male and female teachers in Al-Ardhah governorate schools to teach Jazan. The application was carried out in the second semester of the year 1442 AH. The research concluded with a set of results, the most important of which are: the approval of the sample members to a large extent on the expressions of the role of school leaders in the practice of developing male and female teachers in acquiring these three skills from the twenty-first-century skills. The research concluded with a number of recommendations and suggestions including working to improve the professional competencies of school leaders in line with contemporary scientific and educational developments in the light of the skills of the twenty-first century.

This study aims at investigating the effectiveness of the cooperative inquiry strategy in developing the achievement and development of mathematical communication skills of elementary school students. To achieve this aim, the experimental method was utilized. The study sample consisted of an experimental group (n = 34) and a control group (n = 31), which were randomly selected from primary schools. A Teacher's Guide for teaching a unit entitled "Statistics and Graphic Representations" for the sixth elementary graders in the first semester were devised. A (30) multiple-choice item achievement test distributed at the levels of (recall, comprehension, and application), as well as an (18) item mathematical communication skills test including (mathematical representation, assessment of thinking paths, and mathematical writing) were also devised. The test questions included completion, short essay, and mathematical problem-solving questions. Both the study tools were statistically validated. Experimentation was carried out during the first semester of the academic year (1439/1440 AH). The results of the study revealed that there were statistically significant differences at the level of (0.01) between the mean scores of the students of the experimental and control groups in the achievement test post-testing favoring the experimental group students. The results also revealed that there were statistically significant differences at the level of (0.01) between the mean scores of the students of the experimental and control groups in the mathematical communication skills post-testing favoring the experimental group students. A positive correlation was also revealed between the post-testing scores of the experimental group students in the achievement and the mathematical communication skills tests. In light of these results, some recommendations and suggestions for further research were presented

The study aims to measure the level of academic stress in the e-learning environment in three areas, students and their dealing with classmates, dealing with the professor and technical skills, and the nature and content of the curriculum among graduate students in the College of Education at King Khalid University during COVID-19 pandemic. This study was descriptive in nature (survey, comparative). The sample consisted of (512) male and female graduate students in the master's and doctoral programs. The Academic Stress Scale in the E-learning Environment designed by Amer (2021) was used. The results indicated a high level of academic stress among graduate students in the e-learning environment. The study also found that there were statistically significant differences in the level of these stresses based on gender with female students reporting higher score means than male students. Moreover, results revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the level of these stresses between masters and doctoral students in favor of master's students. However, there were no statistically significant differences found based on the variable of specialization.

The study aims at explaining the extent to which the principles of educational management reform contribute to Ibn Ashour in achieving educational management reform and the extent to which the pillars of the Kingdom's Vision 2030 in the field of Education in achieving the educational management reform. The study also aims to provide a future vision of what the educational administrative reform and its results should be in the Kingdom during the next ten years. To achieve the goals of the study, the researcher followed two approaches: on the theoretical side, he relied on applying the content analysis method. As for the applied side, the researcher adopted the Delphi method by two questionnaires to ask (36) participants from the experts and specialists. The results revealed that there is a consensus between the principles of educational administrative reform in Ibn Ashour and the pillars of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 by Expert view. Moreover, there is future feasibility for the educational administrative reform in accordance with the principles of the educational administrative reform at Ibn Ashour and the pillars of Saudi Arabia's vision 2030 from the expert point of view. The study recommended that Ibn Ashour's vision for educational reform be included in the frameworks and references of the vision in the field of education development, and research on the possibility of benefiting from the application of a way and procedures to achieve the future vision that Presented by the study, and its transformation from the theoretical to the practical and applied levels.

This study aims at investigating the relationship between mindfulness and academic self-efficacy among Northern Border University students. To achieve this objective, the researcher adopted the correlative survey method for (97) students. For data collection, the researcher developed a mindfulness scale consisting of (42) items divided into seven topics, each one consisting of six items. The researcher developed an academic self-efficacy scale consisting of (20) items, adopting a five-point Likert scale. The results showed that there is a high level of mindfulness among students at the level of the seven units which formed the mindfulness scale; the conscious thinking unit showed the highest mean value of (4.08) whereas academic self-efficacy among students was at an average level. There is a positive relationship between the level of mindfulness and academic self-efficacy (i.e., 0.732), which is a high value that emphasizes the strong relationship with its means. The researcher recommended presenting training programs and sessions that aim at improving the mindfulness concept.

The aim of this research is to formulate a proposed strategy for developing graduate studies at King Khalid University to support the achievement of the Kingdom's vision (2030). The research used the descriptive survey approach. The research community consisted of all graduate students at King Khalid University. The research was conducted on a random sample included (623) Male and female students, this research relied on the questionnaire as the main tool for collecting its data. The results revealed that the research sample believes that all the proposals included in this research are very important for the development of postgraduate studies at King Khalid University to support the achievement of the Kingdom's vision (2030). There are no statistically significant differences between the averages of the research sample responses about the importance of the proposals put forward in this research according to their difference in the two variables: college and gender, while these differences were found according to their difference in the academic program variable in favor of students enrolled in the master's program. The research presented a formulation of a proposed strategy for developing graduate studies at King Khalid University in a way that supports the achievement of the Kingdom's vision (2030).

The aim of the current research is to prepare an integrated learning program based on mathematics standards for the next generation of the NYS and to investigate its impact on the development of the teaching performance of middle school mathematics teachers and the future thinking skills of their students. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared a list of mathematics standards for the next generation, which were derived from a list of standards. He also prepared a list of the teaching competencies required for middle school mathematics teachers in light of the list of standards, as well as clarified the foundations of the training program and its objectives and the mathematical practices that include. Additionally, he prepared an electronic skill test for mathematics teachers and a test for future thinking skills for pupils on the stage. The research sample consisted of a group of mathematics teachers at the intermediate stage, numbering (40) teachers who were divided into two experimental and control groups, and a group of intermediate school students; whose number reached (60) students, were divided into two experimental and control groups as well. The results revealed that there are differences between the experimental and control groups of teachers in the post-measurement of the skill-test of the teaching performance in favor of the experimental group and in the pre-post-test measurements of the experimental group in favor of the post-measurement, The results showed also that there are differences between the experimental and control groups of students in the post-measurement to test future thinking skills in favor of the experimental group and differences in the pre-post measurements to test the future thinking skills of the experimental group of students in the intermediate stage in favor of the post-measurement. In light of these results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations for training and preparing mathematics teachers and also made some suggestions for future research similar to the current research.

This study aims to identify the repercussions of the Corona pandemic (Covid 19) and its impact on the educational and psychological functions of the Omani family from the point of view of a number of fathers and mothers. Drive for a group of fathers and mothers, some of whom work in the government sector and others are mothers enrolled in graduate studies programs at the university, their ages range between (30-50 years) totally (28) mothers and fathers: 22 mothers and 6 fathers. The results showed that the repercussions of the transformation of e-learning, home quarantine, social distancing, and the challenges associated with them were among the most frequent responses that posed a real challenge to the Omani family in performing the educational function. On the other hand, the responses concern the children’s educational future, fear and anxiety about acquiring negative behavioral patterns for the son such as addiction to social media and the decrease in the children’s motivation towards education topped the list: lack of responsibility in performing their academic tasks, anxiety, and fear of injury, fear for the elderly, feeling of psychological isolation, difficulty finding recreational alternatives for children, challenges associated with the performance of the family’s psychological function were observed. Based on these results, the researcher suggested including a number of psychological, cognitive, family-related, and behavioral guiding techniques to enhance the skills of fathers and mothers in dealing with family challenges and crises, in general, and the educational and psychological function, in particular.

The study aims to identify the reality of knowledge management in decision-making in academic departments from the point of view of faculty members at Blonde University. It also aims to propose mechanisms and suggestions to improve decision-making in the academic departments of the university in light of the management of knowledge. To achieve the objectives of the study, a descriptive method was used, in which a questionnaire consisted of (40) items administered to (137) participants of the faculty members. The results of the study indicated that the reality of the application of knowledge management in the decision-making process showed a high score mean. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.5) with few answers from the study sample members in the following variables: gender, degree, years of service, and a number of courses in management. The study came up with a number of recommendations including using people with experience and knowledge, giving employees the opportunity to share implicit knowledge, developing management skills among department heads in relation to decisions, holding brainstorming sessions, having communication between the university's academic department boards, assessing the quality of knowledge available to academic departments, providing clear knowledge recovery procedures.

The study aims to identify the common fears of preschool children and their relationship to the approaches to parental treatment in South Al Batinah Governorate from their mother’s point of view. Total of (466) mothers were selected as the study sample. The researcher used the scale of common fear and the scale of parental treatment approaches. The results of the study have shown that the most common fear among the study sample was (the fear of darkness) in the first level with a rate of 75.03%, and in the second level came the item (my child is afraid to sleep alone) by 72.74%, in the third level came to the item (fear of seeing insects) with a rate of 67.59%, and the last one was (the fear of rain) with a rate of 35.26%. There is a weak and positive correlation between the approaches of parental treatment and common fears in the manners (protection and supervision, punishment, aggression, and bullying). On the other hand, there is a weak and negative correlation in the manners of (acceptance, harmony, encouragement, and support). There are no statistically significant differences at the indication level (α≤ 0.05) in terms of the mother’s level of education in Al Batinah South Governorate. There are statistically significant differences in the aggressiveness and bullying manner of the mothers' age in favor of the group (20-35).

This study aims to identify the degree to which the first cycle teachers use different feedback patterns in the e-learning system in addition to the differences in the degree of use according to specialization, teaching experience, and in-service training in the field of classroom assessment, as well as the interaction between them. The study sample consisted of (350) female teachers of the first cycle in government schools in Muscat Governorate for the academic year 2020/2021. The study used a questionnaire that contained four different patterns of feedback, which are reinforcement, informative, corrective, and interpretive feedback. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were verified in terms of validity and reliability. Among the most prominent findings of the study that reinforcement feedback was the most frequently used feedback pattern from the teachers of the first cycle compared to the informative feedback was the least used. Also, there were statistically significant differences between the teachers in the degree of use of feedback patterns in terms of variables of specialization and teaching experience. On the other hand, there were no statistically significant differences between the teachers in the degree of use of feedback patterns due to the in-service training in the field of classroom assessment and the 2-way interactions between the variables. The study concluded with a set of recommendations and suggestions, including emphasizing the importance of female teachers to employ different feedback patterns for students in the process of continuous assessment and conducting more studies on different feedback patterns and their effectiveness at various educational levels and subjects.

This study aims to identify the extent to which the criteria of the American Council for Teaching Foreign Languages (ACTFL) are included in the English language books for the fifth and sixth graders. To achieve the objective of the study, a content analysis card was prepared, where the classification of language proficiencies was divided into five main levels (beginner, intermediate, advanced, superior, and distinguished) of the four language skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing), The content analysis card consisted of (89) indicators distributed at the four levels of language skills as follows: Listening (17), speaking (33), reading (15), and writing (26). The study sample consisted of English language textbooks for the fifth and sixth graders. The study unveiled that the listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills indicators were provided in the two books at the high-level for beginner level, followed by intermediate-level indicators, while the language proficiency indicators for all skills came within the superior and distinguished levels to a minimum or unrealized degree. Based on this result, the researchers recommend that language proficiency indicators arising from the American Council Criteria for Teaching Foreign Language at their advanced levels should be included in the textbooks for fifth and sixth graders.

The study aims to identify the degree of citizenship values practiced by Bisha University students and identify the impact of gender, college, and academic level, on the degree of the practice of University students for citizenship values. The researcher used the descriptive-analytical method including a questionnaire of (44) items. To process the data, the researcher applied the computational averages, standard deviations, percentages, and T-test. The questionnaire was implemented on a sample of (600) of the 2 and 8 levels during the second semester of the academic year (2020-2019) at Bisha University. The study findings revealed that the degree of the practice of Bisha University students of citizenship values was high. The second field got the first rank, followed by the first field of loyalty and belonging. The final third field, duties, got the third rank. There are statistically significant differences in the degree practice of citizenship values in terms of gender in favor of males, college human faculties, and the academic level eighth.

This study aims to identify the level of emotional intelligence among principals of basic education schools in Al-Dakhiliya Governorate. The descriptive approach was used. A questionnaire of two parts was utilized; its second part included (27) items divided into five dimensions related to emotional intelligence. The study sample consisted of (337) teachers representing 52% of the study sample were randomly selected. The study result showed that level of the emotional intelligence is high and the motivation dimension is the highest. There were no statistical differences at the level (α≤ 0.05) due to the impact of (the social type, the educational qualification, and the years of experience) in all the emotional intelligence dimensions. In the light of these results, there are some recommendations such as providing training workshops for the schools’ principals in relation to management and how to affect the workers positively.

This study aims to identify the reality of using electronic applications in teaching language skills to people with mild intellectual disabilities from the mothers’ perspective. A descriptive approach was used. The electronic questionnaires were administered to the study sample, 122 responses were received from mothers of the students with mild intellectual disability in Hafer Al-Baten schools. The response average rate was 94%. The results showed that there are statistically significant differences that are related to the variant of monthly income as for the barriers to using electronic applications in such schools, whereas there were no differences regarding the variant of monthly income regarding the axis of using electronic applications in teaching skills. There were no differences between the mothers and fathers in the educational level as to the first axis, whereas there were differences between the mothers and fathers in the educational level as to the second axis which is barriers to using electronic applications.

The current research aims to evaluate the activities and evaluation questions implied in the content of the computer textbook for the fifth preparatory grade according to the creative thinking and developing suggestions through answering the following question: what is the percentage of creative thinking skills in the content of the computer textbook for the fifth Preparatory grade students issued by the Iraqi Ministry of Education/ Directorate General of the curriculum in the academic year (2019-2020)? The researchers followed the descriptive-analytical approach. The research community was determined by the content of the computer textbook for the fifth preparatory grade. As for the research sample, it was limited to all activities and evaluation questions implied in the textbook. To design the content analysis tool, the researcher depended on the creative thinking skills, as well as adopted the unity of the explicit idea in the analysis process. The results showed that the percentages of availability of creative thinking skills (fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration, and sensitivity to problems) in the activities and evaluation questions implied in the content of the computer textbook are (63.27%, 14.29%, zero, 10.20 %, 12.24%) respectively. The researcher suggested developing the aforementioned skills.

The current research aims to identify: 1) the challenges facing blended education from the point of view of teachers of students with disabilities. 2) The challenges facing blended education from the point of view of teachers of students with disabilities according to the gender variable (males-females). 3) The challenges facing blended education from the point of view of teachers of students with disabilities, according to the academic qualifications of graduates
(institute-bachelors-masters). 4) The challenges facing blended education from the point of view of male and female teachers, according to the functional service period with students with disabilities (less than 8 years - from 9 to 15 years - 16 years and above). 5) the challenges facing blended education from the point of view of teachers of students with disabilities, according to geographical location
(city center-districts-villages-rural areas). In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher chose a random sample of male and female teachers teaching students with disabilities, in Baghdad, on its two sides, Karkh / Rusafa for the academic year (2020 - 2021). The research came out with a set of results, there are challenges facing blended education from the point of view of teachers of students with disabilities. There are challenges with a clear difference among female teachers of students with disabilities, which is the highest percentage of teachers. There are challenges according to the academic qualification, as those with diploma qualifications (graduates of institutes) have faced greater challenges in applying the blended learning, unlike those with bachelor’s and master’s qualifications who have overcome some challenges in their answers. There are challenges according to the length of the job service. The answers of teachers with medium and short professional service (less than 8 years and from 9 to 15 years) indicated fewer challenges, unlike their peers with long professional service (16 years and more), who suffer from great challenges. There are challenges according to the geographical location. The answers of male and female teachers from the residents of villages and rural areas in the province of Baghdad indicated that they suffer from greater challenges than the residents of the city center of the province of Baghdad and its suburbs. In light of these results, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The aim of the present study is to identify the level of prosoical behavior of Baghdad University's students and to recognize the differences between male and female students. Moreover, it also aims to identify the level of openness to experience for these students. A random sample of (123) students has been selected; 77 males and 46 females. Two scales have been used in the study. The Prosocialness scale for adults by Caprara. Et al (2005) has been translated into the Arabic language and relies on four types of actions (Helping, Sharing, Taking care, and feeling Empathetic with others) and the other scale is the Openness to Experience Scale, which is one of the Big Five Inventory by John and Srivastava (1999). The main results showed a high level of prosaically behavior among the study sample and there are no significant differences in terms of prosaically behavior between males and females. The study also found that the level of openness to experience is high with a positive correlation between prosocial behavior and openness to experience among university students

The current research aims to identify measure classroom flexibility for kindergartens children, identify the correlation between the classroom flexibility of kindergartens children and the gender of the child, and identify the correlation between the classroom flexibility of kindergartens children and their classroom. The current research sample consisted of (200) boys and girls selected randomly from the governmental Riyadh affiliated with the six directorates of education of Baghdad on both sides (al-karkh - al-rasafa). in order to achieve the objectives of the current research, this required including two tools, one is the scale of classroom flexibility for the kindergartens' children, which was constructed by the researcher based on the theory of compound elasticity (brown, 1989), it consisted of (37) items distributed over seven operations that together constitute the compound flexibility. The validity of the scale was apparently verified by subjecting it to the judgment of a group of specialized experts in kindergartens and in educational and psychological sciences. Further, its validity was attained by calculating some of its indicators of discrimination and paragraph validity coefficient. The reliability coefficient showed a high level at (0.89). The results revealed that kindergarten children have class flexibility. The researcher came out with several recommendations and suggestions.

This study aims to identify the empathy of University Students, as well as the significant differences in sympathy in terms of gender and specialization. To achieve the aims of the study, a scale of empathy was administered to a sample of (450) students collected randomly from Baghdad university. The results showed that the study sample has a level of empathy. There is a significant difference between males and females in empathy, in favor of the female students. There is no significant difference in empathy in terms of specialization (scientific, humanities), and the interaction between males and females. The study came out with a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The research addresses the specification table and the extent of its use in developing achievement tests, as well as detects the obstacles to its use through a sample of (120) respondents from the faculty members in some Baghdad schools and colleges. After unpacking and processing the data statistically, the research reached several results: the study sample do not use the test map in the development of their tests, as their percentage reached (82%) and there are no statistically significant differences in the use of the specification table by the sample members according to their place of work or the number of years of experience. The results also revealed the most important reasons that prevent the use of the specification table in developing the achievement test, which are the lack of knowledge of the teachers about it, the lack of benefit of its application, mainly because their experience is sufficient to build a good test. Afterward, the researcher presented an analytical study of the specification table upon several axes and suggested some simplified forms to employ in the planning of achievement tests.

The research aims at identifying the level of family violence directed against the kindergarten child, as well as to identify the significance of the difference in family violence directed against the kindergarten child according to the gender variable
(male-female). It aims also to identify the significance of the difference in family violence directed against the kindergarten child according to the Stage variable (kindergarten-pre-primary). The researcher employed the descriptive correlative approach to conduct the study. The research sample was chosen in a simple random way, as the number of the participants was (130) boys and girls, with (70) males and (60) females, distributed according to the stage with (66) participants in the preliminary stage and (64) participants in the kindergarten stage, which divided into (8) kindergartens at the Karkh Education Directorates (first, second, third). The researcher also resorted to developing a scale of (15) items to measure the domestic violence directed against kindergarten children. The reliability was verified at (0.84). The results of the research revealed that there is violence against kindergarten children by the family.

The current study aims to assess the ethical behavior among female students who are using a social media network in addition to describe the variables of interest (social media use and ethical behavior) among participants, in which to find out the effects of social media on the ethical behavior of high school female students. A quantitative approach was adopted to collect the relevant data for the study, six schools included in this study from the six directorates of education in Baghdad city. Subsequently, SPSS software was applied to analyze the relevant data of the study. To achieve the research objectives, a questionnaire was composed of three sections: Part I: deals with the student's demographic information. Part II: deals with information about the use of social media, it is a standardized questionnaire. Part III represents the measure of ethical behavior followed by the researcher Issawi in her research prepared by Lee Swanson and Gloria Hill to measure ethical behavior after preparation and Arabization because of the absence of a scale of ethical behavior in Iraqi society. Due to the scarcity of studies on this subject, this scale is developed according to the interpretation of ethical behavior by Kohlberg. The results of the study showed that 73.9 of the study sample have a moderate degree of ethical behavior and there is a relationship between using social media and ethical behavior at the (0.00) level. This study recommended it is necessary to raise the community awareness about the negative effect of social media on adolescent students especially female students in secondary school and increase research in this field.